介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞（精選18篇）
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇1
在座的各位游客大家好!我是大家的導(dǎo)游小趙，今天 ，我將帶領(lǐng)大家去游覽北京的香山公園。
香山公園位于北京西北郊西山東麓，東南距市中心28公里。最高點(diǎn)為香爐峰，海拔557米，俗稱“鬼見愁”。
香山山頂有巨石兩塊，叫乳峰石。其形酷似“香爐”，周圍又常有云霧彌漫，如裊裊升空的香煙，香山由此得名。香山景色秀麗，名勝遍布，風(fēng)光旖旎，極富自然野趣。秋來(lái)黃櫨換裝，漫山紅遍，如火如荼，此即“香山紅葉”，是燕京八景之一。香山冬天的景色也很迷人，每當(dāng)冬雪初晴，一片銀妝素裹，分外妖嬈，舊燕京八景之一的“西山晴雪”就指這里。
香山寺，在香山公園內(nèi)蟾蜍峰北。金大定二十六年(1186年)建，金世宗賜名大永安寺，為香山諸寺之首，“靜宜園”二十八景之一。后遭英法聯(lián)軍和八國(guó)聯(lián)軍焚毀，僅存石階，石坊柱、石屏等遺跡，唯有寺內(nèi)的“聽法松”依然屹立。香爐峰，俗稱鬼見愁。在香山公園西部。此峰高峻陡削，攀登不易，在峰頂可飽覽香山全景。近年已建有纜車索道，牽引登山。雙清別墅在香山公園內(nèi)香山寺下。這里原有兩股清泉，相傳金章宗時(shí)稱夢(mèng)感泉。清乾隆在泉旁石崖上題刻“雙清” 二字。
熊希齡在此修建別墅，并以此為名。別墅淡雅幽靜，山水樹石順其自然。清泉大聚一池，池邊有亭，亭后有屋，屋旁有竹，竹影扶疏，秀麗非凡。在此春日賞花，酷夏避暑，秋觀紅葉，寒冬踏雪，四季景色綺麗，稱為香山“園中園”。眼鏡湖，在香山公園北門內(nèi)。兩泓平靜的湖水由一座白石拱橋相聯(lián)，形似眼鏡，故此得名。湖的北側(cè)山石疊嶂，峰巒崛起。一洞之上，流泉直下，恰似珠簾垂掛的水簾洞。山花芳草在溝壑石縫和小溪池水旁爭(zhēng)奇斗艷，古柏蒼松、老槐垂柳交匯成一片清蔭。見心齋在香山公園北門內(nèi)西側(cè)，毗鄰眼鏡湖。建于明嘉靖年間，幾經(jīng)修葺，是座頗具江南風(fēng)味的庭院。
香山庭院中心是一平圓形水池，清洌的泉水從石雕的龍口中注入，夏來(lái)新荷婷立，金魚嬉戲。池東、南、北三面回廊環(huán)抱，內(nèi)有一小亭伸入池中。池西有軒榭三間，即見心齋。齋后山石嶙峋，松柏交翠。整個(gè)庭院清靜幽雅，使人留連忘返。當(dāng)年乾隆帝曾在此讀書和賜宴臣僚。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇2
游客們，你們好，歡迎大家來(lái)到美麗的北京香山游覽，我是你們的導(dǎo)游，大家就叫我小華就可以了，今天將由我?guī)銈內(nèi)バ蕾p一番香山的美景。那大家都跟我走吧，前面就是香山公園。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到這個(gè)地方就是香山公園的東大門了，這里有兩條道路是提供給游客行走的，在我們左邊的就是上山的路，在右邊的是去看景區(qū)的道路，不過今天我們要走的是右邊的路，現(xiàn)在大家就跟著我走吧。大家直接往前面一直走，就來(lái)到了香山飯點(diǎn)，這里很多人應(yīng)該就知道了，那我就不介紹了。再往前面就是松林餐廳，等會(huì)兒中午的時(shí)候，我們就會(huì)在這里吃午飯。接下來(lái)，我們就到了有名的雙清別墅，大家趕緊跟我往前走，大家看這里的主席的床是不是很有意思，一邊高一邊低是不是。
在香山可看的地方非常的多，接下來(lái)就是大家自由活動(dòng)的時(shí)間了，我也和大家說一下該注意的地方，首先不要亂扔垃圾，文明旅游，然后坐纜車的時(shí)候一定要注意安全，最后危險(xiǎn)的地方一定不要亂闖。
好了，希望大家都可以玩得開心!
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇3
青龍峽旅游風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)位于河南省焦作市修武縣境內(nèi)，距焦作市區(qū)33公里，面積約108平方公里，由七大游覽區(qū)共計(jì)100多個(gè)景點(diǎn)組成。青龍峽景區(qū)是我省唯一的峽谷型省級(jí)重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，有“中原第一大峽谷”之美稱。
青龍峽一年四季風(fēng)光秀美。
春季的青龍峽，黃花遍地，山花爛漫，蝶去蜂來(lái)，爭(zhēng)奇斗艷。美麗的連翹溝，神奇的桃花谷，到處都籠罩在一片春意盎然之中。四月，山下已是春夏之交，山上卻春意正濃，“早春春來(lái)遲”、“暮春春還早”，如果你因什么緣故錯(cuò)過了春天的季節(jié)，那么你一定能在五月的青龍峽領(lǐng)略到乍暖還寒的春色美景。
夏季的青龍峽，是中原地區(qū)不可多得的避暑勝地。這里，七月最高氣溫只有29℃，平均氣溫22℃，夜間氣溫在15℃左右，氣候 涼爽，空氣清新，景色秀美，是避暑清夏的勝地。
秋季的青龍峽，萬(wàn)山紅遍，層林盡染，紅葉如火似霞，一簇簇、一叢叢、宛如紅色的海洋，田野山林里，紅紅的蘋果，金黃的柿子，火紅的山楂，紫色的桑葚等各種各樣的山果伸手可摘，彎腰可揀;極具濃郁地方民俗風(fēng)情的農(nóng)家小院里，一吊吊金黃的玉米，一串串火紅的辣椒，把青石院落裝飾得絢麗多彩。
冬季的青龍峽，是冰的世界，是雪的畫卷。冬季進(jìn)入景區(qū)仿佛走進(jìn)了雪域高原。站在景區(qū)觀景臺(tái)上聚目遠(yuǎn)眺，峽谷上下，惟余莽莽，峰巒溝壑，銀裝素裹。松柏亭臺(tái)掩隱在冰雪之下，獸蹤鳥影迷失在曠野之中。在這冰雪的世界里，可以踏雪尋梅，亦可坐聽雪落，那份寧?kù)o、那份閑適，令人陶醉。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇4
Old Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing City,Eastern Haidian District. The original Qing Dynasty a large Royal River, coversan area of about 5200 acres, the layout is inverted triangle, a total area of350 hectares. Old Summer Palace " garden of gardens " good name, it was built inthe Qing emperor Qian Long years, the original pavilions, terraces and openhalls at more than 140, a total area of 3500000 square meters. It's land areaand the construction of the Imperial Palace, water area and is a the SummerPalace.
The history of Old Summer Palace, is composed of Old Summer Palace,Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden ( Wanchun Garden ). Three Park tightlyadjoin, commonly known as the old summer palace. A total area of 5200 acres (350 hectares ), the entire range of larger than the the Summer Palace nearlyqianmu. It is feudal emperors in Qing Dynasty more than 150 years, by creatingand operating a large Royal palace. Yong Zheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing EmperorDaoguang, Xianfeng, five, had been living in the Old Summer Palace leisurelyenjoyment, and in this holding assembly, and politics, it is similar to theForbidden City ( the Imperial Palace) as the political center of the country,was clear Dili special called " Royal park ".
Old Summer Palace was originally granted to his four son of emperor KangxiYin Zhen (later emperor Yong Zheng the garden ). Kangxi in forty-six years thatthe year 1707, park has begun to take shape. In November the same year, EmperorKangxi had at the Old Summer Palace tours. The emperor Yong Zheng ascended thethrone in 1723, expanding the original Grant Park, and in the South Parkbuilding be open and aboveboard Temple main hall and the cabinet, and in six,the value of real military department, to avoid the " Royal master ". In the 60year of the reign of emperor Qian Long, one day, old summer palace construction,repair, dredges the water shift stone, silver million fee. In addition to hisold summer palace built on local, alterations, and the East New Changchun Park,in the southeast of adjacent incorporated Qi spring garden. In the thirty-fiveyears to 1770 three, the Yuan Ming garden pattern is formed basically. Dynasty,mainly on Qi spring garden was renovated and the extension of the building,which became the main garden occupies the place of one. Daoguang Dynasty, statedeclines, shortage of financial resources, but rather from Chaenomeles,Xiangshan, Yuquan " hills", furnishings, Jehol and Magnolia summer hunting,still did not give up the three Park renovation and decoration.
Old Summer Palace, garden not only known, but also a collection of theRoyal Museum, very rich, is a cultural treasure house. Hugo once said: "even ifthe ( French ) all Notre Dame all the treasures together, the same can not belarge and magnificent Huang Museum comparable to the east. " The luxuriousfurnishings exquisite, has a large collection of art treasures. According to theOld Summer Palace seen Westerners description, " Park splendid brilliant scene,not to can trace the color so called, nor the Europeans can see ". " All kindsof valuable treasures, are accumulated in the Royal Cottage Hotel, numeroushouseholds. " The finest sandalwood carved furniture, exquisite ancientporcelain and enamel bottle lamp broken lines, Zhijin silver brocade fabric,carpet, leather, gilded gold French clock, exquisite Old Summer Palace layout,gem embedded hunting figure, landscape character true to life likeness of theplaque, and their various other artistic products and a variety of Europeanlustrous and dazzling. Ornaments, have everything that one expects to find.
Old Summer Palace is the artificial creation of a grand scale, thebeautiful scenery of the landscape. Flat mountain and water purification,landscape architecture, plant more trees and flowers. In the discontinuoushills, winding surface and pavilions, winding corridor, island, bridgeembankment, the vast space into a size of more than 100 landscape encircle,interest varied scenery group. The water park is about three 4/10 of the totalarea of the park, on the ground in artificial cut the medium small surface, bycircle rayon flow channel is connected in series with a complete water system ofrivers and lakes. Park and decorated with stacked has greatly small hill 250,and drainage combined with mountains, water, hill because of live water, formedthe mountain complex water transfer, layer upon layer of garden space. Theentire landscape as Jiangnan like smoke blurred, true it may be said: Althoughpeople do, since the days of the wan.
Old Summer Palace embodies the ancient Chinese gardening art essence, wasthe most splendid large-scale landscape. The emperor Qian Long said: " it is YaoBao Kobold region, Emperor Yu tour, no more than this ". And gardens in theworld history of architecture also occupies an important position. Itspopularity to Europe, known as the " garden of gardens ". The famous Frenchwriter Hugo in 1861 had this to say: " you just imagine it is a thrillinglonging, as the Moon Castle like building, Summer Palace ( the Old Summer Palace) is a building. " People often say : the Greek Parthenon temple in Egypt,Pyramid, Rome Coliseum, Oriental palace. "It is a matter of the incomparablemasterpiece as the acme of perfection ".
Old Summer Palace the world garden, to ten years Xianfeng, in 1860 October,by British and French troops barbarian raid burned down, become China's modernhistory of humiliation history page.
Now the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park, the site for the theme, forming asolid history and full of vibrant garden atmosphere a unique combination oftourism landscape, not only has the important political and historical value, itis a unique tourist destination. The tragedy of Old Summer Palace was destroyed,was the symbol of national humiliation, the rebirth of the Old Summer Palace,has become and will continue to make efforts to become the Chinese nation, thetestimony of increasingly thriving and prosperous. With the introduction ofspecial planning, 20___ basically completed the Old Summer Palace Ruins Parkgoal has been clearly shown in front of us.
We firmly believe that a green Old Summer Palace will become a bright pearlof green Olympic Games; a basic integrity of the Old Summer Palace will become abright spot of humanistic olympics.
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇5
he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.
Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent
Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.
The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.
There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.
The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).
The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.
The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.
The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.
The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.
The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.
On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.
Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.
Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.
Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.
Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.
Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.
The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.
Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.
Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.
The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.
Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.
Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.
According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.
The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.
The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.
The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.
In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇6
大家好，歡迎您到圓明園參觀游覽。
圓明園位于北京市西郊，海淀區(qū)東部。原為清代一座大型皇家御苑，占地約5200畝，平面布局呈倒置的品字形，總面積達(dá)350公頃。圓明園有“萬(wàn)園之園”的美稱，它建成于清朝乾隆年間，原有亭臺(tái)樓閣140多處，總面積達(dá)350萬(wàn)平方米。它的陸上建筑面積和故宮一樣大，水域面積又等于一個(gè)頤和園。
歷史上圓明園，是由圓明園、長(zhǎng)春園、綺春園(萬(wàn)春園)組成。三園緊相毗連，通稱圓明園。共占地5,200余畝(約350公頃)，比頤和園的整個(gè)范圍還要大出近千畝。它是清代封建帝王在150余年間，所創(chuàng)建和經(jīng)營(yíng)的一座大型皇家宮苑。雍正、乾隆、嘉慶、道光、咸豐五朝皇帝，都曾長(zhǎng)年居住在圓明園優(yōu)游享樂，并于此舉行朝會(huì)，外理政事，它與紫禁城(故宮)同為當(dāng)時(shí)的全國(guó)政治中心，被清帝特稱為"御園"。
圓明園最初是康熙皇帝賜給皇四子胤禛(即后來(lái)的雍正皇帝)的花園。在康熙四十六年即公元1720xx年時(shí)，園已初具規(guī)模。同年十一月，康熙皇帝曾親臨圓明園游賞。雍正皇帝于1720xx年即位后，拓展原賜園，并在園南增建了正大光明殿和勤正殿以及內(nèi)閣、六部、軍機(jī)處諸值房，御以"避喧聽政"。乾隆皇帝在位60年，對(duì)圓明園歲歲營(yíng)構(gòu)，日日修華，浚水移石，費(fèi)銀千萬(wàn)。他除了對(duì)圓明園進(jìn)行局部增建、改建之外，并在緊東鄰新建了長(zhǎng)春園，在東南鄰并入了綺春園。至乾隆三十五年即1770年，圓明三園的格局基本形成。嘉慶朝，主要對(duì)綺春園進(jìn)行修繕和拓建，使之成為主要園居場(chǎng)所之一。道光朝時(shí)，國(guó)事日衰，財(cái)力不足，但寧撤萬(wàn)壽、香山、玉泉"三山"的陳設(shè)，罷熱河避暑與木蘭狩獵，仍不放棄圓明三園的改建和裝飾。
圓明園，不僅以園林著稱，而且也是一座皇家博物館，收藏極為豐富，堪稱文化寶庫(kù)。雨果曾說："即使把我國(guó)(法國(guó))所有圣母院的全部寶物加在一起，也不能同這個(gè)規(guī)模宏大而富麗堂煌的東方博物館媲美。"園內(nèi)陳設(shè)豪華精美，收藏有大量的藝術(shù)珍品。據(jù)目睹過圓明園的西方人描述，"園中富麗輝煌之景象，非予所能描色揣稱，亦非歐洲人所能想見"。"各種寶貴的珍品，均積聚于此皇家別墅，千門萬(wàn)戶之中。"上等的紫檀雕花家具、精致的古代碎紋瓷器和琺瑯質(zhì)瓶盞，織金織銀的錦緞、氈毯、皮貨、鍍金純金的法國(guó)大鐘，精美的圓明園總圖，寶石嵌制的射獵圖，風(fēng)景人物栩栩如生的匾額，以及本國(guó)其它各種藝術(shù)精制品和歐洲的各種光怪陸離的裝飾品，應(yīng)有盡有。
圓明園是人工創(chuàng)造的一處規(guī)模宏偉，景色秀麗的大型園林。平地疊山理水，精制園林建筑，廣植樹木花卉。以斷續(xù)的山丘、曲折的水面及亭臺(tái)、曲廊、洲島、橋堤等，將廣闊的空間分割成大小百余處山水環(huán)抱、意趣各不相同的風(fēng)景群。園內(nèi)水面約占三園總面積的十分之四，在平地上人工開鑿大中小水面，由回環(huán)縈流的河道串聯(lián)為一個(gè)完整的河湖水系。園內(nèi)又綴疊有大大小小的土山250座，與水系相結(jié)合，水隨山轉(zhuǎn)，山因水活，構(gòu)成了山復(fù)水轉(zhuǎn)、層層疊疊的園林空間。使整個(gè)園林宛如江南水鄉(xiāng)般的煙水迷離，真可謂：雖由人做，宛自天開。
圓明園體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)古代造園藝術(shù)之精華，是當(dāng)時(shí)最出色的一座大型園林。乾隆皇帝說它："實(shí)夭寶地靈之區(qū)，帝王豫游之地，無(wú)以逾此"。而且在世界園林建筑史上也占有重要地位。其盛名傳至歐洲，被譽(yù)為"萬(wàn)園之園"。法國(guó)大文豪雨果于1861年有這樣的評(píng)價(jià)："你只管去想像那是一座令人心神往的、如同月宮的城堡一樣的建筑，夏宮(指圓明園)就是這樣的一座建筑。"人們常常這樣說：希臘有帕特農(nóng)神殿，埃及有金字塔、羅馬有斗獸場(chǎng)，東方有夏宮。""這是一個(gè)令人嘆為觀止的無(wú)與倫比的杰作"。
圓明園這座舉世名園，于咸豐十年，即1860年的10月，遭到英法聯(lián)軍的野蠻洗劫的焚毀，成為我國(guó)近代史上的一頁(yè)屈辱史。
如今的圓明園遺址公園，以遺址為主題，形成了凝固的歷史與充滿蓬勃生機(jī)的園林氣氛相結(jié)合的獨(dú)特的旅游景觀，既具有重大的政治歷史價(jià)值，又是一處難得的旅游勝地。圓明園被毀的悲劇，曾是中華民族屈辱的象征，圓明園的重生，已經(jīng)成為并將繼續(xù)成為中華民族奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)、日益繁榮昌盛的見證。隨著專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃的出臺(tái)，20xx年基本建成圓明園遺址公園的目標(biāo)已經(jīng)清晰地呈現(xiàn)在我們面前。
我們堅(jiān)信一個(gè)充滿綠色的圓明園必將成為綠色奧運(yùn)的一顆明珠;一個(gè)基本完整的圓明園必將成為人文奧運(yùn)的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇7
盧溝橋，在北京市西南約15公里處，豐臺(tái)區(qū)永定河上。因橫跨盧溝河(即永定河)而得名，是北京市現(xiàn)存最古老的石造聯(lián)拱橋。橋身結(jié)構(gòu)堅(jiān)固，造型美觀，具有極高的橋梁工程技術(shù)和藝術(shù)水平，充分體現(xiàn)了古代漢族勞動(dòng)人民的聰明才智和橋梁建造的輝煌成就。
盧溝橋?yàn)槭豢茁?lián)拱橋，拱洞由兩岸向橋中心逐漸增大，拱券跨徑從12.35米至13.42米不等，橋身中央微微突起93.5厘米，坡勢(shì)平緩。河面橋長(zhǎng)213.15米，加上兩端的引橋，總長(zhǎng)266.5米。橋身總寬9.3米。橋面寬7.5米。橋兩側(cè)雁翅橋面呈喇叭口狀，入口處寬32米。橋面兩側(cè)設(shè)置石欄，北側(cè)有望柱140根，南側(cè)有141根。望柱間距約1.8米至2米，柱高1.4米。柱間各嵌石欄板，欄高約0.85米。
整個(gè)橋身都是石體結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)鍵部位均有銀錠鐵榫連接，為華北最長(zhǎng)的古代石橋。在《馬可·波羅游記》中它被形容為一座巨麗的石橋，后來(lái)外國(guó)人都稱它為“馬可波羅橋”。1937年7月7日，日本帝國(guó)主義在此發(fā)動(dòng)全面侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。宛平城的中國(guó)駐軍奮起抵抗，史稱“盧溝橋事變”(亦稱“七七事變”)。中國(guó)抗日軍隊(duì)在盧溝橋打響了全面抗戰(zhàn)的第一槍。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇8
云居寺位于北京市房山縣西南山區(qū)山巒起伏的一塊小盆地里，距北京約75公里，背后以朱山為依托，對(duì)面以石經(jīng)山為屏障，坐落在逐鹿山中。云居寺以佛舍利和石經(jīng)而聞名于世，是京郊具有金石、書法、美術(shù)、民族史、佛教史等重大文化意義的古跡，在北京以至全國(guó)諸多古寺名剎和佛教界占有重要地位。1992年該寺被評(píng)為“北京十大人文旅游累點(diǎn)”之一。房山縣西北部山岳地帶，自隋唐以來(lái)就是佛教勝地，如上方山兜率寺、六聘山天關(guān)寺、云蒙山龍泉寺以及九洞十二峰和以兜率寺為中心的七十二庵等很多佛教遺跡文物，而石徑山云居寺則是其中最有名的，向有“北京敦煌”之譽(yù)。
云居寺創(chuàng)建於隋唐時(shí)代，歷代屢有重修擴(kuò)建，成為華北地區(qū)著名寺院之一。寺院部分抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期毀於日軍炮火，現(xiàn)僅存遺址。寺東北1.5公里處石徑山上有藏徑洞九座，洞內(nèi)保存了自隋至明代刻制的石經(jīng)板，連同寺院南端藏經(jīng)穴中遼、金經(jīng)板共143l2塊，鐫字?jǐn)?shù)千萬(wàn)。除去重復(fù)刻造者外，計(jì)刻經(jīng)112O馀部，刻工精湛，為中國(guó)佛教文化珍品之一。它是世界上最早、最全、保存最好的石刻大藏經(jīng)，在中國(guó)佛教史上值得大書特書�？讨圃凭邮瘡降囊�(guī)模，遠(yuǎn)超過北齊的音堂山摩崖石經(jīng)和泰山經(jīng)石峪刻經(jīng)。
云居寺名稱最早見於唐總章二年(669年)年石刻上，隋唐時(shí)代已具相當(dāng)規(guī)模。在唐代分上寺及下寺 上寺在石經(jīng)山上，寺址已無(wú)考，下寺即今遺址。遼、金時(shí)代云居寺因刻造石經(jīng)知名，故有“石經(jīng)寺”之稱。明代因在石經(jīng)山東麓建東峪寺，而云居寺居山之西，故亦稱“西峪寺” 清初又改稱“西域云居禪林”，仍然保留著云居之名。云居寺歷代屢有修葺，最后的修繕年代是清康熙三十七年(l698年)。被毀前的寺院規(guī)模宏大，寺院中路有院落五層，殿宇六進(jìn)。寺依山而建，每層院落逐步升高，各層正殿之旁又有配殿，中路北側(cè)有僧寮客舍，南北二塔分居左右，山門前引泉水流過，清泉垂柳，山霧繚繞，自然環(huán)境頗為幽美，確實(shí)是一處修行佳處。“七七事變”后寺院被日軍炮火毀為一片廢墟，南塔也於此時(shí)被毀。在云居寺遺址范圉內(nèi)，北部及四隅的十座小石塔是劫后僅存遺物。所幸攝有云居寺被毀前照片，中日邦交恢復(fù)后，日方將當(dāng)時(shí)照片送歸。佛教自公元2年伊存授經(jīng)東傳中國(guó)后，譯著經(jīng)卷便是眾多僧人信徒“經(jīng)久不息"的一項(xiàng)事業(yè)。但是紙張、絹綢、木板經(jīng)卷，不僅易受風(fēng)、火、水、蟲的破壞，也易受人為的損毀，歷史上兩次“法難"期間，大量的手寫佛經(jīng)化為灰燼，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)兵火也給佛教寺院、佛像經(jīng)籍帶來(lái)毀滅性災(zāi)難。造樣就促使僧徒想方設(shè)法讓佛法傳承久遠(yuǎn)。鑒於山東泰山、河北鼓山等處的摩崖刻經(jīng)得以保存，幽州僧人靜琬認(rèn)為經(jīng)刻石上，可以地久天長(zhǎng)，於是繼承其師慧思遺志，選擇了盛產(chǎn)漢白玉、艾葉青石，又遠(yuǎn)離幽州城的房山，開始了刻經(jīng)於石、秘藏於室的艱巨工捏。靜琬先是創(chuàng)建了石經(jīng)山藏經(jīng)洞和云居寺，他發(fā)愿造十二部石經(jīng)。這一行動(dòng)得到當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)各方面的支待。從隋大葉中到唐初，靜琬30年刻經(jīng)不輟，每刻完一批石經(jīng)就鑿洞封存起來(lái)。貞觀十三年(639年)靜琬入寂 他的第子玄導(dǎo)、僧儀、惠暹、玄法四代相續(xù)主持刻經(jīng)，并得到金信公主奏賜經(jīng)本四千多部作為底本，先后刻經(jīng)百馀部，分藏於各藏經(jīng)洞中。自隋至明，共開鑿藏經(jīng)洞九個(gè) 藏石經(jīng)版4559塊;遼金時(shí)又在寺南側(cè)挖穴，埋藏經(jīng)版1O611塊。遼天慶七年(1120xx年)在穴旁筑塔，即“云居寺南塔”也稱“壓經(jīng)塔”。
靜琬最初所刻石經(jīng)146塊，一部分鑲嵌于第五洞的四壁上。第五洞名“雷音洞”是九洞之中最大的一個(gè)，也是唯一一座開放式藏經(jīng)洞，洞前有門可以進(jìn)出，長(zhǎng)寬各約十米，中有四根八角形石柱支撐洞頂，石柱各面均雕有小佛像共1O54尊，故稱“千佛柱"。其馀各洞都是封閉式，里面疊藏石經(jīng)板，洞門封錮，人不能出人。
房山石經(jīng)是我國(guó)的石經(jīng)寶庫(kù)，也是世界的寶貴文化遺產(chǎn)。它對(duì)於研究我國(guó)古代文化、歷史、藝術(shù)以及佛教歷史和典籍都有重大價(jià)值和意義。遼金年代所刻石經(jīng)，原以《契丹藏》為底本，但《契丹藏》早已失傳。近年來(lái)從山西應(yīng)縣木塔中發(fā)現(xiàn)了《契用藏》殘卷，與房山石經(jīng)對(duì)照，完全相同。房山石經(jīng)完好地保存了《契丹藏》佛經(jīng)，這在世界佛經(jīng)史上是件大事。房山石經(jīng)是原刻石板，沒有寫經(jīng)傳抄所易產(chǎn)生的那種訛誤、版本�？眱r(jià)值極高。同時(shí)，它保存了50種以上的各版大藏經(jīng)所沒有的經(jīng)籍。鏤刻技術(shù)精淇，書法秀麗，不僅是有價(jià)值的佛教文物，也是中國(guó)書法雕刻藝術(shù)的精品。所以問世后，即名聞遐邇。在書法藝術(shù)方面，隋代刻經(jīng)已是高手所書，唐代刻經(jīng)更具有隋唐書法的優(yōu)美風(fēng)格。從石經(jīng)中也可以看到我國(guó)書法風(fēng)格的變遷和文字演變(如：俗寫字，異體字，簡(jiǎn)化字，武周時(shí)期新造字等)情況。石經(jīng)中有許多經(jīng)文后面附刻有題記，這些題記是研究歷代政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)，文化以及民風(fēng)民俗的寶貴資料。從1956年開始中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)和有關(guān)部門一起，對(duì)房山石經(jīng)進(jìn)行了全面的調(diào)查、發(fā)掘和整理工作，目前已將部分石經(jīng)進(jìn)行編號(hào)，上架展覽。
1981年11月中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院世界宗教研究所佛學(xué)家羅焰在洞內(nèi)研修之際，於原地面拜石下五厘米處，發(fā)現(xiàn)一方石，下有一洞穴，內(nèi)存石函、銀函、玉函等，均以函函相套的方式加以密封。一號(hào)白玉石函，函蓋上刻有172個(gè)字，函內(nèi)還刻有83字銘文。這些文字記述了明代萬(wàn)歷二十年(1592年)間，在石經(jīng)山首次發(fā)現(xiàn)隋代所藏佛舍利情況。二號(hào)青石函，較上函略小;函蓋上刻有“大隋大業(yè)十二年歲次丙子四月十已朔八日甲子於此函內(nèi)安置佛舍利三粒原住持永劫”36字銘文。說明佛舍利在這里已珍藏l320xx年之久。三號(hào)漢白玉石函，有楔狀抽斗蓋，上有“佛舍利”以及上下款共26字。四號(hào)鍍金銀函，四周有青龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武四種刻線圖案，蓋上有花卉圖案，內(nèi)有木質(zhì)彩繪香珠一顆、珍珠11顆。五號(hào)白玉函十分精巧，長(zhǎng)寬各12厘米，高17厘米，里面放有兩粒赤色小米粒大小的佛舍利，旁邊還伴有兩顆珍珠。
關(guān)於這些佛舍利的來(lái)歷，據(jù)記載:隋文帝曾從一印度僧人處得到佛舍利，并於仁壽元年(620xx年)、仁壽二年(620xx年)、仁壽四年(620xx年)三次向全國(guó)各州頒發(fā)佛舍利，地處幽州的弘業(yè)寺和智泉寺皆有幸得到。而這兩寺都距云居寺不很遠(yuǎn)。同時(shí)，云居寺創(chuàng)始人靜碗法師原本是智泉寺僧人，是佛教天臺(tái)宗慧思弟子，所似很可能當(dāng)時(shí)皇帝也賜給了云居寺佛舍利�！逗┥酱髱焿�(mèng)游集》和《帝京景物略》中曾記載明萬(wàn)歷二十年在云居寺石經(jīng)山雷音洞發(fā)現(xiàn)了三粒佛舍利。當(dāng)時(shí)萬(wàn)歷皇帝的母親篤信佛教，於是迎入宮中供養(yǎng)三曰后又安放在雷音洞內(nèi)，但是記載中的三粒佛舍利，現(xiàn)存只有兩粒，據(jù)專家推斷，其中一�？赡茉诿鞔f(wàn)歷皇帝母親迎人宮內(nèi)供養(yǎng)時(shí)不慎遺失或是被私自留下。目前這兩粒佛舍利及相關(guān)文物被中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)保管，一俟云居寺修復(fù)后，將送回云居寺內(nèi)安置，供各界人士瞻禮。
云居寺周圍現(xiàn)存唐遼石塔及遼代磚塔共六座，互相拱衛(wèi)，從而形成云居寺特殊的佛教人文景觀。其中唐代(618-920xx年)所建方形石塔，以著名的房山石窟漢白玉為原料，精雕而成。塔分單層和密檐式兩種，平面呈方形，正面辟尖拱形門，內(nèi)兩側(cè)刻披甲胄金剛武士，生動(dòng)逼真。其中唐開元十五年(720xx年)建的石塔內(nèi)兩壁所刻渾目高鼻供養(yǎng)人形象，反映出盛唐時(shí)期民族團(tuán)結(jié)的繁榮景象。這批石塔是北京地區(qū)現(xiàn)存最早古塔，成為研究唐代幽州地區(qū)文化史和佛教史的珍貴實(shí)物資料。1949年后，人民政府對(duì)云居寺所藏石經(jīng)進(jìn)行了發(fā)掘和整理。到現(xiàn)在還完好保存的石經(jīng)就有14 278塊，分別藏在對(duì)面石經(jīng)山上的9個(gè)洞內(nèi)和云居寺文物保管所里。1961年3月，國(guó)務(wù)院將云居寺遺址、兩座遼塔、八座唐塔、藏經(jīng)洞和石經(jīng)，列為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)文物，并為保護(hù)這些珍貴的文物，先后對(duì)遼代北塔進(jìn)行了加固維修，安裝了避雷設(shè)施，為保護(hù)石經(jīng)板蓋了石經(jīng)庫(kù)，以使這些上千年的古代珍貴文物代代相傳。北京市人民政府於1935年4月1曰決定修復(fù)云居寺。第一期工程，天王殿、毗盧殿已竣工開放。原云居寺千年遺物——漢白玉鐫刻的圓形山門雄姿也已復(fù)原。為更好地保護(hù)石經(jīng)，避免風(fēng)化剝蝕，現(xiàn)已決定於1999年9月9曰9目9時(shí)9分9秒，將全部石經(jīng)全部重新秘封於地下。石經(jīng)藏而天下安，這項(xiàng)舉措必成這佛教史上的一件大事。
云居寺因珍藏著15000余塊石刻佛教大藏經(jīng)被譽(yù)為"北京的敦煌"。在云居寺周圍兩平方公里的范圍內(nèi)，內(nèi)云居寺，石經(jīng)山藏經(jīng)洞，唐、遼塔群構(gòu)成了我國(guó)古代佛教文化一大寶 庫(kù)。房山云居寺石刻佛教大藏經(jīng)始刻于隋大業(yè)年間，歷經(jīng)唐、遼、金、元、明六個(gè)朝代千余年，刻經(jīng)1122部，3572卷，刻石14278塊，分藏于石經(jīng)山九個(gè)藏經(jīng)洞和云居寺地穴 之中�，F(xiàn)又將木雕《龍藏經(jīng)》7.7萬(wàn)多塊，明代經(jīng)2萬(wàn)多卷運(yùn)藏于寺。石經(jīng)、紙經(jīng)、木板經(jīng)過這三種經(jīng)本已稱為世界"三絕"。 陳列展覽有"石經(jīng)展覽"。
云居寺有五大院落六進(jìn)殿宇，東接上方山，西俯拒馬河，占地7萬(wàn)多平方米，兩側(cè)有配殿和帝王行宮、僧房，并有南北兩塔對(duì)峙，歷史悠久，飽經(jīng)滄桑。解放后，云居寺經(jīng)過兩次大規(guī)模修復(fù)重現(xiàn)莊嚴(yán)。云居寺古時(shí)亦有"碑海塔林"之稱，現(xiàn)存碑20余塊、塔10余座，是其寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。
石經(jīng)山在云居寺東二里處，俗稱小西天。海拔450米。這里不僅是房山石經(jīng)刊刻起源之處，也是佛祖舍利出土之處，4196塊隋唐石經(jīng)為國(guó)之重寶，以雷音洞、金仙公主塔為代表的眾多歷史遺跡，具有極高的價(jià)值。
據(jù)考，石經(jīng)始刻于隋大業(yè)十二年(公元620xx年)，僧人靜琬為維護(hù)正法，鐫刻經(jīng)于石。刻經(jīng)事業(yè)歷經(jīng)隋、唐、遼、金、元、明六個(gè)朝代，綿延1039年，刻佛經(jīng)1122部，3572卷，14278塊，分藏于石經(jīng)山9個(gè)藏經(jīng)洞和云居寺地穴之中，規(guī)模之大，歷時(shí)之長(zhǎng)，是世界文化史上罕見的壯舉，堪與聞名寰宇的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城、京杭大運(yùn)河相媲美，是世上稀有而珍貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇9
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:
My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.
The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.
In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).
In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.
In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.
Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.
(outside the East Palace Gate)
Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.
(Inside the East Palace Gate)
Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.
Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.
(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)
Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.
The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.
(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.
Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.
(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)
We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.
(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.
Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.
(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)
We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese
gardening.
Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.
(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.
This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.
(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)
This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.
(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)
This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.
(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)
Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!
(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.
The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.
(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.
Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.
Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.
This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.
Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇10
各位游客：
大家好，我是光明旅游社的導(dǎo)游，大家能夠叫我盧導(dǎo)。這天游玩的地方是長(zhǎng)城，期望大家做到這三點(diǎn)1不亂扔垃圾，2不在墻上刻字，3不破壞公物。期望大家玩得開心。
我們此刻在八達(dá)嶺上，這一段長(zhǎng)城高大堅(jiān)固。大家看，城墻外沿，有兩米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射擊用。每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城臺(tái)，不僅僅是屯兵的堡壘，而且打仗的時(shí)候城臺(tái)之間還能夠互相呼應(yīng)呢!
大家單看這數(shù)不清的條石，一塊有三兩斤重，那時(shí)候沒有火車汽車、起重機(jī)。就靠無(wú)數(shù)人的肩膀和無(wú)數(shù)的手，抬上著無(wú)數(shù)塊石頭。那時(shí)候，是多麼辛苦，凝結(jié)了多少人民的血汗和智慧。
說到那里我不由得想起了一個(gè)美麗動(dòng)人的傳說，這個(gè)美麗動(dòng)人的傳說的名字叫孟姜女哭長(zhǎng)城。從前，有個(gè)人叫孟姜女，他很愛她的丈夫，但是有一天，官府抓她的丈夫說是犯罪了，一年過去了，她的丈夫沒有消息，于是她就去找她的丈夫。但是，一去才明白她的丈夫被抓去修長(zhǎng)城了，她立即動(dòng)身，日夜兼程跑到了長(zhǎng)城，但是她怎麼也找不到她的丈夫，一打聽才明白她的丈夫被累死了。她哭啊哭，八百多里的長(zhǎng)城倒下了，最后還是想不開跳河自殺了。孟姜女太感人了。
長(zhǎng)城的地方很多，期望大家細(xì)細(xì)觀賞。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇11
南鑼鼓巷地區(qū)是北京城內(nèi)的一片居民區(qū)，與皇城只有一街之隔，已有700多年的歷史。胡同、四合院、綠樹，相對(duì)于紅墻金瓦的皇家文化，這里的灰墻灰瓦，呈現(xiàn)出另一種獨(dú)特的民間色彩。南鑼鼓巷地區(qū)位于東城區(qū)的西部。東鄰交道口南大街，西靠地安門外大街，北接鼓樓東大街，南是地安門東大街。占地約一平方公里。是元大都的中心區(qū)。
南鑼鼓巷也是北京最古老的街區(qū)之一，也位列規(guī)劃中的25片舊城保護(hù)區(qū)之中。但是近幾年，卻成為許多時(shí)尚雜志報(bào)道的熱點(diǎn)，不少電視劇在這里取景拍攝，許多國(guó)外旅行者把其列為在北京的必游景點(diǎn)。其實(shí)，明清以來(lái)，這里一直是“富人區(qū)”，居住過許多達(dá)官貴人、社會(huì)名流，從明朝將軍到清朝王爺，從北洋政府總統(tǒng)到國(guó)民黨總裁，從文學(xué)大師到畫壇巨匠，這里的每一條胡同都留下歷史的痕跡。
按照中國(guó)古代的營(yíng)國(guó)思想，首都的道路在南北與東西方向應(yīng)該各有九條干道。南北的道路稱經(jīng)，東西的道路稱緯，簡(jiǎn)稱九經(jīng)九緯。今天的交道口南大街、地安門外大街，是大都九經(jīng)的遺存。鼓樓東大街，地安門東大街。是大都九緯的遺存。南鑼鼓巷地區(qū)便位于這四條經(jīng)緯之間。它的南邊是皇城，北邊是大都路總管府、警巡院、萬(wàn)寧寺與中心閣。大都路總管府相當(dāng)于明清兩朝的順天府，萬(wàn)寧寺是皇家的寺院，中心閣是大都的中心，是重要的城市標(biāo)志。它的西部是萬(wàn)寧橋與煙波駘蕩的什剎海。西南是通惠河。萬(wàn)寧橋今天還在，是元代的重要建筑遺存。什剎海舊稱海子，當(dāng)時(shí)大運(yùn)河的北端，大都的漕運(yùn)碼頭，最繁華的地方。通惠河也還在，只是改為暗河。暗河上面的道路即今天的東不壓橋胡同。在元代，南鑼鼓巷地區(qū)位于大都的中心區(qū)域。
這些胡同寬闊、筆直，基本上保持了那一時(shí)代胡同的原貌。這些胡同的集合，便是那一時(shí)代坊內(nèi)的布局。根據(jù)歷史記載，在坊的制度下，坊內(nèi)不可以進(jìn)行經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。宋以后，坊的制度開始解構(gòu)，但這是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)過程，不能說，在元代，這個(gè)過程，已然徹底結(jié)束，最明顯的證據(jù)是，南鑼鼓巷地區(qū)的胡同在那時(shí)均沒有稱謂，說明大都的城市單元依然是坊，而不是巷，也就是北京人所說的胡同。至今，這一帶的胡同里，基本沒有商業(yè)設(shè)施，只是在兩坊之間的南鑼鼓巷內(nèi)設(shè)有不多的商店，便是坊制的遺風(fēng)。
里坊，是中國(guó)古代居住區(qū)組織的基本單位，也是城市規(guī)劃建設(shè)的基本單位。在先秦稱為“里”、“閭”或“閭里”。從北魏開始，出現(xiàn)了“坊”的稱呼。唐長(zhǎng)安，是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的城市，全城共建108坊。元大都規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)仍延續(xù)了里坊制，全城分為50坊，坊與坊之間是寬闊平直的街巷，猶如棋盤。
明朝時(shí)，將北京劃為28坊，兩坊合并稱“昭回靖恭坊”。清代屬鑲黃旗。南鑼鼓巷曾叫羅鍋巷，乾隆20xx年(1750年)繪制的《全城全圖》改稱為南鑼鼓巷。
現(xiàn)在的南鑼鼓巷街區(qū)北邊是鼓樓東大街，南邊是地安門東大街，西邊是地安門外大街，東邊是交道口南大街。由這4條街圍合的這塊長(zhǎng)方形地塊，正是元大都的兩個(gè)坊。
唐朝長(zhǎng)安的里坊早已無(wú)存，元大都里坊構(gòu)造在800多年的歷史變遷中，也已面目全非，但是，南鑼鼓巷地區(qū)卻還極為完整地保存著元大都里坊的歷史遺存。胡同格局那么完整，胡同里各種形制的府邸、宅院多姿多彩。真可謂是北京古都風(fēng)貌中一塊保存完整的“碧玉”。
在北京炎熱夏季中一個(gè)少有的細(xì)雨霏霏的涼爽午后，我又一次來(lái)到南鑼鼓巷。南鑼鼓巷在近幾年被時(shí)尚人士和國(guó)外旅游者關(guān)注，是因?yàn)閺男率兰o(jì)開始，不經(jīng)意間，許多酒吧在這條古老的小街上出現(xiàn)�，F(xiàn)在這里已經(jīng)成為繼三里屯、什剎海之后，北京又一條酒吧街。
有人說三里屯酒吧街是彩色的，什剎海酒吧街是暗紅色的，而南鑼鼓巷酒吧街是翠綠色的。這樣的評(píng)說可能不僅是指自然的色彩，或許還指向其不同的文化內(nèi)涵吧。這里的每一條胡同都有豐厚的文化積淀，每一個(gè)宅院里都訴說著老故事。
秦老胡同35號(hào)是晚清時(shí)期內(nèi)務(wù)府總管大臣索家的花園，建有假山、亭臺(tái)、池榭，還有一座模仿江南建筑的船形敞軒。這座花園稱綺園，至今還有刻石流傳下來(lái)。帽兒胡同 11號(hào)為清末協(xié)辦大學(xué)士文煜所建。分三路。東路是下房，中路是花園，西路是住宅的主體部分，總共有五進(jìn)院落。中路的花園，是著名的可園，北京最美麗的私家園林。與綺園不同，可園分前后兩園，前園的北面構(gòu)有一座秀麗的建筑，其東是爬山游廊。后園則槐香滿園，極為幽靜。
南鑼鼓巷地區(qū)的歷史深厚，也是人文薈萃之地。自明至清，迨至民國(guó)，代有人出，而且留下了斑斑可考的遺蹤。
在今南鑼鼓巷65號(hào)，是明清之際著名人物洪承疇的家祠。在明的崇禎時(shí)期，洪承疇做過三邊總督、薊遼總督，后來(lái)降清，做了招撫南方，經(jīng)略五省的大學(xué)士，幫助清人敉平了江南。據(jù)《燕京訪古錄》：洪承疇府第在后門外方磚廠東口外路東，今已廢，唯府門外二鐵獅巍然獨(dú)存，府后門在南鑼鼓巷，尚居洪氏子孫。這個(gè)府后門即今65號(hào)，院內(nèi)的北房尚好，據(jù)說是原物。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇12
青龍峽風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)是云臺(tái)山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)主要游覽區(qū)之一，有“中原第一大峽谷”之美譽(yù)。景區(qū)距焦作市區(qū)33公里，面積約108平方公里，由7大游覽區(qū)共計(jì)100多個(gè)景點(diǎn)組成，景區(qū)內(nèi)峽長(zhǎng)谷幽，山青水碧，群峰競(jìng)秀，層巒疊嶂，峰回路轉(zhuǎn)，曲徑通幽，植被繁茂，氣候獨(dú)特，峰、崖、嶺、臺(tái)、石各有千秋，泉、潭、瀑、溪、洞各具特色，秀色天成，堪稱山水畫廊。青龍峽看谷不見谷，聞水不見水。站在峽谷頂部俯瞰青龍峽，但見峽谷之上群峰對(duì)峙，錯(cuò)落有致，云縈霧繞，煙波浩淼，且能夠聽到悅耳的鳥鳴和涓涓的流水聲，但無(wú)論站在哪個(gè)位置，無(wú)論從哪個(gè)角度，都無(wú)法看清峽谷的全部，無(wú)法看到水流的方向，看谷不見谷，聞水不見水，恍如夢(mèng)境。
青龍峽天然雕飾，富于意蘊(yùn)。在長(zhǎng)約7.5公里的峽谷底部，泉潭瀑溪放眼皆是，一泉一景，一潭一色，一瀑一姿，一溪一態(tài)，潭潭相映，瀑瀑相連，噴珠濺玉，色澤如繪，原始的古樸和生命的靈動(dòng)在這里演繹得活靈活現(xiàn)：那波瀾壯闊的望龍瀑，那神奇獨(dú)特的倒流泉，那妙不可言的七彩潭，那堪稱一絕的“石上春秋”，那獨(dú)具特色的溶洞景觀，再加上天然原始的植物群落，構(gòu)成了一幅幅極富創(chuàng)意的山水畫卷。
“青山碧水飾青龍，雄峰流云扮長(zhǎng)空”。山體的雄偉與險(xiǎn)峻，深谷的迂回與奧妙，碧潭的清幽與靜謐，瀑溪的秀麗與靈性，力與美在此完美結(jié)合，動(dòng)與靜在此巧妙融匯，天地人在此融為一體。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇13
百花山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，位于北京門頭溝區(qū)清水鎮(zhèn)境內(nèi)。百花山山坡海拔1800-20xx米。 百花山山體主要由于火山噴發(fā)、剝蝕形成，山勢(shì)高峻挺拔，主峰百花山海拔1991米，最高峰百草畔海拔2050米，為北京市第三高峰。
百花山地形、地貌、地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜，有反映地質(zhì)變遷的歷史遺跡——晚更新世和全新世早期寒冷條件下形成的“古石海”、“冰緣城堡”、“冰壁巖柱”等。其環(huán)境獨(dú)特，百花爭(zhēng)艷，共分為四大景區(qū)：百花山主峰景區(qū)、百花草甸景區(qū)、望海樓景區(qū)、百草畔景區(qū)。 百花山文物古跡眾多，開發(fā)歷史較早，五代后期唐李克用曾在山上建寺，山頂偏東的“護(hù)國(guó)顯光禪寺”記載了百花山悠久的宗教文化歷史。 主要景觀有 “百花草甸”、“百草山瀑布”、“萬(wàn)年冰肌”、“古樹擎天”、“云頂日出”、“古石海”、“云海升騰”、“晚霞映翠”、“螞蟻山”、“送樹長(zhǎng)廊”等。
百花山以花繁著稱，眾多的花卉植物成就了百花山的三季花香。位于頂峰附近的亞高山草甸，生長(zhǎng)著40余種草甸植物。在山頂峰以下的天然次生林和灌草叢落里，也分布著許多花卉植物，山桃花、山杏花、暴馬丁香、映紅杜鵑、山荊子等，各色鮮花滿山遍野、爭(zhēng)奇斗妍，把整個(gè)百花山的春天裝扮的花團(tuán)錦簇、色彩斑斕。 山之巔極有千佛，觀音兩峰，中有龍池，多處寺廟遺址，根于峰側(cè)山背、望海石、仙人橋、圣米石塘、大悲崖、千佛崖、萬(wàn)年冰諸景觀，點(diǎn)綴成境趣佳處。百花山具有“秀逸、雄奇、幽深、瑰麗、狂狷”的特點(diǎn)。 游百花山，偶見“佛光”。
百花山的“佛光”一般出現(xiàn)在雷雨之后，東側(cè)山澗會(huì)產(chǎn)生“佛光”現(xiàn)象。因地處顯光寺，寺內(nèi)又有文殊殿，故稱文殊智光。有人認(rèn)為，見到文殊光，就受到了文殊智光的普照，得到佛門的恩惠，增長(zhǎng)睿智，游人在百花山就可以領(lǐng)受佛光之美。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇14
各位游客大家好，我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)到的是位于廣安門外豐臺(tái)區(qū)，距離市中心約20公里的盧溝橋，建于1892年(金代)，橋長(zhǎng)266.5米，橋欄桿上有501只石獅子(也有人說502只)，橋下11孔。距今已有八百多年的歷史。盧溝橋因跨越盧溝河(今永定河)而得名。盧溝橋位列中國(guó)三大古代名橋之首，是國(guó)家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。另外兩座是河北的趙州橋和泉州的洛陽(yáng)橋。
我們現(xiàn)在看到的盧溝橋是由11拱的大石橋，全長(zhǎng)266.5米，橋面寬度為9.3米，橋身用巨大的白石砌成。橋墩砌筑為船型，在這之前也是"斬龍劍"的分水尖，當(dāng)時(shí)是用于抵御急流。盧溝橋的建筑裝飾亦別具特色。橋欄為高達(dá)近一米半的的281根望柱與欄板連接而成，每根望柱頂端都刻有一個(gè)大獅，它的身上攀附有形象各異、或藏或露的小獅子，于是民間便有"盧溝橋的石獅數(shù)不清"的歇后語(yǔ)。根據(jù)考古工作隊(duì)的勘察，已知共有大小石獅485只。
盧溝曉月--也是燕京八景之一，始于金代的燕京八景之說，盧溝曉月便是其中一景。你們所看的那邊是橋的東端有碑亭，石碑為清代乾隆皇帝所書，正面為"盧溝曉月"，背面為盧溝橋詩(shī)。
我們都知道“七七事變”，1937年7月7日，當(dāng)時(shí)盤踞于永定河西岸的日本侵略軍以一名士兵失蹤為借口，強(qiáng)行要過盧溝橋到宛平城搜查，遭到了二十九路軍的拒絕。于是日本侵略軍就大舉武裝進(jìn)攻橋東，中國(guó)守軍二十九軍官兵，在日軍蠻橫無(wú)理的挑釁和攻擊下，忍無(wú)可忍，奮起抗擊，打響了中華民族全面抗擊日本侵略者的第一槍。逐漸演變后來(lái)震驚中外的"七七事變"�，F(xiàn)在的盧溝橋位于北京西南15公里處，是目前咱北京現(xiàn)存最古老的石造聯(lián)拱橋。
剛前面介紹過了盧溝橋始建于1189年，在1444年重修。由于該橋毀于洪水而于康熙三十七年(1698年)重建。盧溝橋全長(zhǎng)266.5米，寬7.5米，下分11個(gè)涵孔。橋身左右兩側(cè)石雕護(hù)欄各有望柱140根，柱頭上均雕臥伏的大小石獅約500個(gè)左右，神態(tài)各異，栩栩如生。橋東的碑亭內(nèi)立有清乾隆題“盧溝曉月”漢白玉碑，為燕京八景之一。意大利旅行家馬可·波羅曾在游記中記述此橋并贊嘆不已。
咱現(xiàn)在走的這段橋身盧溝橋的望柱以及宛平城城墻上，當(dāng)年日軍的彈痕仿佛還能斑斑可見�，F(xiàn)在屬于國(guó)家保護(hù)文物所以盧溝古橋只準(zhǔn)許行人步行通過�，F(xiàn)在，我們所參觀的盧溝橋、宛平城、中國(guó)人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)紀(jì)念雕塑園以及中國(guó)人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)紀(jì)念館，都早已成為目前全國(guó)最大的紀(jì)念抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的愛國(guó)主義教育基地。
謝謝大家的支持!希望我的講解能帶給你們更多的幫助和了解!
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇15
百花山是國(guó)家AAA級(jí)風(fēng)景區(qū)，位于北京市房山區(qū)和門頭溝區(qū)交界的深山中，距市區(qū)120公里，道路交通便利。森林覆蓋率達(dá)90%。主峰百花山海拔1991米，白草畔海拔2050米，為北京市第三高峰。
百花山動(dòng)、植物資源豐富，素有華北天然動(dòng)植物園之稱，有四個(gè)植被類型，十個(gè)森林群落。植物種類有110科、1100種。動(dòng)物種類有170種，其中有國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物金錢豹、褐馬雞、黑鸛、金雕，國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物有斑羚、勺雞。市級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物有50多種。
百花山環(huán)境獨(dú)特，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，是一個(gè)很好的旅游場(chǎng)所。年均氣溫6～7℃，七月份平均溫度22℃，負(fù)氧離子含量為5級(jí)，是消夏避暑的勝地。
百花山的風(fēng)景資源可分為四大景區(qū)，35個(gè)景點(diǎn)：百花山主峰景區(qū)、百花山草甸景區(qū)、望海樓景區(qū)、白草畔景區(qū)。這里風(fēng)景獨(dú)特、氣候宜人，群山環(huán)抱、奇峰連綿、溪水潺潺云遮霧障、勁松森林，奇花異草，稀禽珍獸。有“百花草甸”、“百草山瀑布”、“萬(wàn)年冰肌”、“古樹擎天”、“云頂日出”、“古石海”、“云海升騰”、“晚霞映翠”、“螞蟻山”、“送樹長(zhǎng)廊”等著名景觀。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇16
我先給大家簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下香山公園。北京有個(gè)香山，也有個(gè)香山公園，這是大家共知的。我校的香山公園，原名叫“辭香嶺公園”，位于學(xué)校地勢(shì)較高的西北角，占地面積較廣。素有“香山八大景”之稱的八寶琉璃井、天池、慈祥居、碧霞行宮(遺址)、烽火臺(tái)、七星巖、飛來(lái)石、泰斗廣場(chǎng)(泰斗石)，全集中在這里。此外，根據(jù)規(guī)劃，學(xué)校下一步還準(zhǔn)備在辭香嶺上建造辭香坊、辭香亭(或辭香閣)、辭香廊，等等。公園有山有水有聲有色有景有趣，被譽(yù)為“世外桃源”。
現(xiàn)在我們走的大路是學(xué)校環(huán)路，雙向4車道，長(zhǎng)約4公里。沿著環(huán)路轉(zhuǎn)一周，能觀光學(xué)校的主要風(fēng)景，能了解學(xué)校的主要建筑。根據(jù)路段不同和環(huán)境變化，環(huán)路兩邊植有陽(yáng)剛之氣的法桐樹(西面、南面、東北面)和陰柔之美的柳樹(西北面是直柳，俗名饅頭柳;四十柳橋兩端是垂柳，亦名楊柳)，有剛?cè)嵯酀?jì)、陰陽(yáng)協(xié)調(diào)、生生不息的功效。大家往兩邊看，不幾年的工夫，這些樹都長(zhǎng)得有水桶那么粗了。根深干挺枝繁葉茂，長(zhǎng)得是不是很旺相啊?好了，前面就是香山公園的入口了。請(qǐng)大家做好下車準(zhǔn)備，我們要徒步游覽香山公園。
大家往西北方向看，看到土堆上有塊俊俏的泰山石了嗎?它像一個(gè)很溫順很安詳胖胖的動(dòng)物，向東蹲伏著，守著大門，但又很友好很和善地接納每一個(gè)進(jìn)入公園的人。石上刻有圓潤(rùn)優(yōu)美的舒同體“香山”二字，字體與石態(tài)與環(huán)境很有秩序地渾然成為一體。東西兩面的斜坡上滿是扶芳藤，它會(huì)隨季節(jié)的變化而發(fā)生顏色的變化，很美麗的。下面我們進(jìn)入公園，大家不用買票，我也不愿有吃回扣的嫌疑和無(wú)謂的議論。腳下是粗糙塊石砌就的路面，石頭大小不一，凹凸不平，但干凈利落，路面寬約4米、長(zhǎng)20多米。再往里走就是土路了，能跑車。咱們現(xiàn)在就一起邊走邊聊吧。
大家看，靠路間栽的是黑松(低)和刺
槐(高)。黑松似佩劍的武士，刺槐像持槍的警衛(wèi)，間隔一致，站成兩排，保護(hù)著夾道上行走的人們。我們?cè)谥虚g走，非常有安全感和自豪感，像是皇家衛(wèi)隊(duì)當(dāng)我們的保鏢護(hù)著我們一樣，咱這回也享受一下皇家待遇。沿途我們還會(huì)看到激情的紫葉李、火熱的紅葉椿(紅葉椿是我的習(xí)慣叫法，實(shí)為火炬樹)、迎客的黑松林、競(jìng)長(zhǎng)的刺槐林。向左看，是大片與田園風(fēng)光渾然一體的教工宿舍樓，靠近辭香嶺的1號(hào)樓是上下兩層220平方米一戶的復(fù)式樓。
往前走，左手邊是千株紫葉李、百棵黑松樹，右手邊則是萬(wàn)片紅葉椿。紫葉李根紫、干紫、葉紫、果紫，除花粉白外，通體發(fā)紫。微風(fēng)吹過，紫色飄揚(yáng)，將濃濃的有些發(fā)黑的紫，凸顯在嶺上。黑松樹是不計(jì)較生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境的，土地肥沃也好貧瘠也罷，憑著自己那股韌勁，抗拒各種挫折和不
公，都高昂著頭堅(jiān)挺著身子，獨(dú)盡一年四季向自然呈現(xiàn)那份綠的義務(wù)。黑松生長(zhǎng)的姿態(tài)是有層次的。大家看，枝條一層一層斜向上鋪開著，錯(cuò)落有致。下層較上層舒展，都由中央的樹干向四周散射，酷似花朵次第開放，仿佛千手齊齊伸出�？粗粗�，就浮想聯(lián)翩，我佩服黑松歷練后崛起的品格，我頌揚(yáng)黑松積極向上的精神，我仰慕黑松胸懷坦蕩的偉大。
紅葉椿是一種觀賞樹木。葉綠時(shí)，或疑它是香椿，或疑它是臭椿;開花時(shí)，它又不是香椿，又不是臭椿;霜打后，激情燃燒紅透香山。莫非一夜之間20_年北京第29屆夏季奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)開幕式上紛紛揚(yáng)揚(yáng)瀟瀟灑灑輕輕飄飄搖搖擺擺翩翩舞舞大大方方紅紅火火的紅葉雨全落在了這里?我激動(dòng)異常興奮異常驚訝異常，異常得無(wú)言。每年這個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)，我都會(huì)帶上心愛的、伴侶般的照相機(jī)，帶著亢奮帶著激情帶著感動(dòng)帶著溫存帶著問候來(lái)尋覓屬于我的那片紅葉。大家可以想象一下，這時(shí)的紅、黃、綠、紫，加上不時(shí)變幻色彩的天空，一定會(huì)美極了的呀!
繼續(xù)往前走，是個(gè)十字路口。向北可到泰斗廣場(chǎng)開闊心胸、可得七星巖指引迷
津、可看飛來(lái)石自然神奇、可登烽火臺(tái)四處極目�，F(xiàn)在廣場(chǎng)是駕校學(xué)員們練習(xí)開車的好場(chǎng)地，有上下起伏自由拐彎的循環(huán)車道，道上擺有大騎餅、砌有單輪翹道、豎有倒車標(biāo)桿等等，一應(yīng)俱全;七星巖是按照北斗七星的分布形式建造的七個(gè)大土臺(tái)，每一個(gè)土臺(tái)周身遍植薔薇，在側(cè)邊開有一條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)的緩坡小道可至臺(tái)頂，不很平整的臺(tái)頂上雜草叢生。站在臺(tái)頂，就像站在了天上七星之中的任何一星，讓人脫俗成仙;飛來(lái)石是天上來(lái)客，在美麗校園的吸引下，毅然與天絕決，降臨在高坡上，天天年年觀賞著守望著整個(gè)學(xué)校;取小道，奔西北，走山脊，登絕頂。據(jù)說，絕頂處就是當(dāng)年烽火臺(tái)所在位置。站在頂上四望，有置身神圣之地的感覺：東親學(xué)校，北敬泰山，西邀金牛，南請(qǐng)龍山。從十字路口向南，可直通慈祥居，沿途并無(wú)
特色的景致�，F(xiàn)在，咱們還是順著路向西走吧。大家首先看到的是兩塊泰山石，這原是辭香嶺的最高處，其南面有碧霞行宮(奶奶廟)遺址，地基至今還很清晰。原有北屋三間，是祠堂，供奉碧霞元君，建制同泰山頂?shù)谋滔检�。東有配房?jī)砷g，是道士布道居住之所。只可惜，現(xiàn)在是見不到那時(shí)繁盛的景象了。路北較高的土堆是學(xué)校建設(shè)時(shí)廢棄的一些建筑土方和石塊的囤積。經(jīng)過精心構(gòu)思合理改造，現(xiàn)在成為大家看到的綠色環(huán)保山丘，成為香山公園不可缺少的一景。
大家隨我來(lái)，看看路兩邊的植物，發(fā)生了什么變化?間栽的油松和刺槐不見了，搖身一變，成了間植的小葉女貞球(低)和大葉女貞子(高)了。從名字上就能顯出溫和柔美。這兒少了刀槍劍戟的剛性，多了一些窈窕淑女的柔情。是祥和安全和平地帶的標(biāo)志。沿著學(xué)校西墻根向南走。大家看到兩塊石頭護(hù)著的一口井了嗎?這就是著名的八寶琉璃井。八寶琉璃井上口狹小，下部寬綽，井身修長(zhǎng)。我曾在《拜謁八寶琉璃井》 中寫到，“八寶琉璃井身著樸素大方的衣裳，像位歷經(jīng)歲月又煥發(fā)了青春的老人，渾身寫滿
了故事。”大家圍過去看看。
看完八寶琉璃井我們?cè)偻献�，路東有個(gè)蓄水池，這就是著名的天池。整個(gè)池形酷似一個(gè)大大的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的“9”或漢語(yǔ)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的“，”(逗號(hào))。天池并不大，但特有神氣和仙味。兩個(gè)由四根木柱支撐的單層方形草亭東南、西北呼應(yīng)著，一個(gè)小木橋跨在注入天池的小水溝上，玲瓏著樸素著可愛著。小橋一端通向羊圈的門。
再前面有一排瓦房，是大學(xué)中的農(nóng)舍之一，名曰：慈祥居。渴了，我們可在這兒喝杯用辭香嶺上麥飯石泉水沏的茶;累了，我們可在這兒瓜棚下的石凳上稍坐，休息一會(huì)兒。這兒農(nóng)家氣息濃濃。迎接我們的不知是歡迎還是拒絕的“汪汪”的狗吠和“嘎嘎”的鵝鳴。反正它會(huì)一直陪伴著我們的到來(lái)和我們的離開。好不熱鬧!路西簡(jiǎn)易微型的動(dòng)物園里，養(yǎng)著梅花鹿、山雞、貴妃雞、孔雀、大白鵝、火雞、珍珠雞、家雞、鴿子等。周末或課余時(shí)間，同學(xué)們最愿到這兒來(lái)了，多是來(lái)看孔雀開屏的驕傲。當(dāng)然，能得到激動(dòng)的時(shí)候少，深感遺憾的時(shí)候多。原因嗎，當(dāng)然是來(lái)的不是時(shí)候。
好了，咱們沿著路走，迎面看到的是綠的海洋——栗子樹林。這兒每年會(huì)收獲很多很多的泰山板栗。板栗成熟時(shí)節(jié)，真誠(chéng)歡迎大家來(lái)品嘗泰山板栗的特殊味道。前面有座被視為中華文化典型標(biāo)識(shí)的“三間四柱三樓”“不出頭”懸山式木牌坊。它在這兒，起到點(diǎn)題框景借景的效果。出此牌坊，我們的游覽也就快要結(jié)束了。不知大家是否有進(jìn)入“世外桃源”的感覺，是否有怡然寧?kù)o安詳心境的感受。
各位朋友，我的介紹就到這里。不知我的講解，大家是否滿意，請(qǐng)大家多提寶貴意見。謝謝大家的光臨!
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇17
百花山自然保護(hù)區(qū)地處北京市門頭溝區(qū)境內(nèi)，距市區(qū)120公里，道路交通便利。森林覆蓋率達(dá)90%。主峰百花山海拔1991米，白草畔海拔2050米，為北京市第三高峰。
百花山動(dòng)、植物資源豐富，素有華北天然動(dòng)植物園之稱，有四個(gè)植被類型，十個(gè)森林群落。植物種類有110科、1100種。動(dòng)物種類有170種，其中有國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物金錢豹、褐馬雞、黑鸛、金雕，國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物有斑羚、勺雞。市級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物有50多種。
百花山環(huán)境獨(dú)特，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，是一個(gè)很好的旅游場(chǎng)所。年均氣溫6～7℃，七月份平均溫度22℃，負(fù)氧離子含量為5級(jí)，是消夏避暑的勝地。
百花山的風(fēng)景資源可分為四大景區(qū)，35個(gè)景點(diǎn)：百花山主峰景區(qū)、百花山草甸景區(qū)、望海樓景區(qū)、白草畔景區(qū)。這里風(fēng)景獨(dú)特、氣候宜人，群山環(huán)抱、奇峰連綿、溪水潺潺云遮霧障、勁松森林，奇花異草，稀禽珍獸。有“百花草甸”、“百草山瀑布”、“萬(wàn)年冰肌”、“古樹擎天”、“云頂日出”、“古石海”、“云海升騰”、“晚霞映翠”、“螞蟻山”、“送樹長(zhǎng)廊”等著名景觀。
百花山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)地處北京西部，位于北京市門頭溝區(qū)清水鎮(zhèn)境內(nèi)，20xx年經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)在北京百花山自然保護(hù)區(qū)基礎(chǔ)上晉升為國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)。
保護(hù)區(qū)是以保護(hù)暖溫帶華北石質(zhì)山地次生落葉闊葉林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為主的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，總面積為21743.1公頃。
百花山自然保護(hù)區(qū)地處亞高山地帶，屬于中緯度溫帶大陸性季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，垂直變化明顯，晝夜溫差大，氣溫偏低，降水量較多，四季分明，冬季寒冷多風(fēng)且干燥，夏季溫?zé)岫嘤�，春季干旱，風(fēng)沙盛行，秋季晴朗少風(fēng)，寒暖適中，但雨量偏少。
年降水量在450-720毫米，多集中于夏季;6、7、8月三個(gè)月份的降水量約占全年降水量的74%，其中，尤以7月份降水量最大，且多為暴雨;冬季降水量最少，只占全年的2%，秋季降水量占全年的14%，春季降水量約占全年的10%。
全年平均氣溫在6-7℃，最熱月是7月份，平均溫度22℃;最冷月是1月份，平均溫度-5.7℃。3-4月氣溫急劇上升，10-11月氣溫突然下降。年積溫≥3800℃，全年無(wú)霜期110天左右。
百花山的風(fēng)景資源分為百花山主峰景區(qū)、百花草甸景區(qū)、望海樓景區(qū)、百草畔景區(qū)四大景區(qū)。有"百花草畔"、"百花山瀑布"、"萬(wàn)年冰肌"、"古樹擎天"、"云頂日出"、"冰壁巖柱"、"冰緣城堡"、"云海升騰"、"晚霞映翠"、"七色玉帶"、"金蟾拜月"、"螞蟻山"、"白莽長(zhǎng)嘯"、"松樹長(zhǎng)廊"等十八處獨(dú)特景觀、35個(gè)景點(diǎn)。
保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)有"古石海"、"冰緣城堡"、"冰壁巖柱"等，是地質(zhì)變遷的歷史遺跡，為晚更新世和全新世早期寒冷條件下形成的。有"天然長(zhǎng)城"、"母子石"、"震山石-錦簇?cái)�天"東梁的"駝峰"及"文殊像"等典型的地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)景觀、地質(zhì)剖面景觀、火山熔巖景觀。
歷史人文景觀有五代時(shí)期后唐李克用作戰(zhàn)時(shí)曾在此建過的亭子;明代建有龍王廟、瑞云寺等廟宇，廟宇遺址尚存。
介紹北京香山的導(dǎo)游詞 篇18
Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction
Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.
The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.
The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Di'anmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: "the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Di'anmenwere demolished after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.