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北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2022-10-27

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞(精選14篇)

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇1

  Dear friends hello, everyone, today I will take you to visit is Beijing north on the edge of the Confucian temple and guozijian, you can see here today, early to wish you happy! Beijing imperial academy is located in Beijing dongcheng district settle door guozijian street (formerly known as cheng Yin street), and the Confucius temple. The imperial overall building sits, distribution on the axis jixian door (door), business (second), coloured glaze memorial arch, construct harmony, yi lun hall, JingYiTing. Things on both sides of the four six hall hall, a traditional symmetric pattern, is the only ancient existing in our country, the central public university construction. Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation.

  (illustrated)

  You come with me now I see past the door; Also called lingxingmeng is Confucius temple gate, door width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door. Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics upon everyone to think in this photograph.

  Everybody tell me tight I now the first into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.

  The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade after six years, was destroyed in the war, Ming yongle nine years (in the reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years between the temple by expansion between 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, in the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the highest building, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. Temple consecrate Confucius "dacheng them.the most holy king," who're, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet., ghost lead the case on a statue, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are the qing qianlong drive makes genuine. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.

  The third into the yard's most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Built in Ming jiajing nine years, rebuild two years qing qianlong, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.

  Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.

  Good rest, the next station is a famous institution of the imperial college, all with me tight now I went to jixian quo zi jian's door, the door is the door yard has well pavilions, held on the east side of the door communicates with Confucius. A second - business door, into the quo zi jian is the imperial college of the second into the yard, there are coloured glaze memorial arch, harmony and yi lun hall.

  Now you tell me I will stay, let me introduce for you construct harmony and yi lun hall, came slowly into the business with me now to the door, the front is imperial academy two door large coloured glaze memorial arch, it is the only specifically for education in Beijing and set up a memorial arch. Banners are on both sides of the emperor, is a symbol of respecting culture in ancient China from. , located in jixian door are the three four pillars between the hip roof top on the 7th floor type coloured glaze memorial arch, 48 years of qianlong (1783). Is face book "teach jersey won bridge", just as the "university in section view," painting, is the only do not belong to Beijing temple coloured glaze memorial arch

  Now, let me explain to you the quo zi jian construct harmony, it is the center of the imperial academy building, built in the axis center of a square in the middle of a circular pool high stage, save spire is a square faced the house. All around to open the door, set 6 steps. Construct harmony around the promenade, all set up delicate Bridges across the pool to make the house and yard are interlinked, this kind of architectural form as a symbol of nature round place. Acceded to the throne after the emperor qianlong, whenever a new emperor, are here to do a lecture, in a show of the central government's emphasis on higher education.

  Six hall is on the left, it is located in the monarch harmony of left and right sides of the 33 rooms, collectively known as six don, respectively is: HFM hall, hall, hall, the truth monastery hall, hall of justice, wide industry hall of fame, is gongsheng guo-zi-jian diploma of the classroom. Ask now I have a look at the right of the yi lun hall, it is located in the north of monarch harmony hall, the yuan dynasty, chongwen pavilion, the Ming dynasty yongle rebuilt and renamed yi lun hall, in the early years was the emperor to give lectures, after construction of monarch harmony, to the prison library. You followed me to go now, behind is JingYiTing, it is located in yi lun hall, is the third into the quo zi jian yard. Building the Ming jiajing seven years, and has a drink offering wing wing and the department of industry and seven drive makes word tablet, is a place for drink offering quo zi jian in the office. You see my finger's direction, in between the Confucian temple and guozijian passageway, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi 'an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi 'an forest of steles forest of steles. Legend emperor qianlong life ho-shen, wangjie as President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, qianlong praised, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in one's hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces

  Now I first drink offering is to introduce the quo zi jian yuan dynasty famous neo-confucianism Xu Heng, at that time, a student more than 200 people. Students studying here is called "guo-zi-jian diploma", roughly three sources: a scholar in the selection of the right direction guo-zi-jian diploma from all parts of the country, to the further study; Second, foreign students, mostly from Korea and their logic, dispatched, Russia, etc.; 3 it is to "donate", front guo-zi-jian diploma, as long as the money to pay the full, can receive "prison", a guo-zi-jian diploma.

  Ok everyone around now, photograph, taken everybody, what's the end of our journey, you'll actually Confucius temple and the imperial college have too many things in hope you once again for coming here in a wide-variety of culture, thank you, goodbye everyone!

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇2

  Distinguished guests:

  How do you do! I entrusted by the tourism and hospitality sector, to visit the city qufu. Visit our warmest welcome to the guests. I had the privilege of guided Tours, for everyone is very happy, this is our common appreciation at a good opportunity to learn. See after please leave valuable advice.

  First of all, to briefly introduce the general situation of the historical and cultural relics qufu.

  Historical and cultural city qufu is China's ancient great thinker, educator, politician and relevant literature, the sage Confucius's hometown, the hometown of SAN mencius, the ancestor of the Chinese nation is the birthplace of the yellow emperor yuan, the capital of yan, shang Yin old country, the capital of lu. Three sovereigns four interest-bearing work here, have a history of more than 5000 years. The underground is rich in treasures, the earth has many cultural relics. Existing 112 cultural relics, including the protection unit of the United Nations, the world cultural heritage, the three national protection 4, 12 at the provincial level, the other for the prefecture-level protection.

  Top priority is "three hole two temple ling", "three mountain two linyi temple". Confucius, Confucius, konglin was suggested, commonly known as the "three holes", sacrifice Chinese yuan SAN duke of zhou temple, worship Confucius is the first big disciple after st YanHui temple, commonly known as "two temple"; "Ling" is the birthplace of the yellow emperor, long-lived QiuShaoHao ling; "Three mountains"; Confucius birthplace mountain ni, writing group of the Kowloon hills, small mount tai - nine town (also known as the nine mountain). Second is: the best mother in the world education child mother meng Lin, Confucius parents buried Liang Gonglin; "The temple" is li bai, du fu poetry, right, break up, the famous scholar direction reclusive country garden "stone temple".

  We now see the Confucius temple.

  Confucius temple, also called to the Confucian temple, is a sacrifice to Confucius and his wife Qi officer's seventy-two sages and. Confucius temple and the imperial palace in Beijing and hebei chengde city summer resort said China's three major ancient building group. Expert of Confucius talked about the four words: construction time is the oldest, the most ambitious, most complete, Oriental architectural features the most outstanding. As you can see Confucius temple two questions: one is the great contribution of Confucius for China and the east culture; The second is skillful craftsman in history of China.

  Confucius temple was built in 478 BC, built in the second year of the death of Confucius temple. At the Confucius temple, between three display of Confucius, clothes, cars, books, etc., at the age of "FengSi". Emperors have expansion on Confucius temple, overhaul, 15 had 31, minor repair hundreds of times to today's scale. Confucius temple imitated imperial palace architecture of the system, three road layout, nine yard, there are 466 houses, doors pavilion 54, something relatively in a central axis, has nearly one thousand pieces of stone tablet, covers an area of 327.5 mu, for up to two li and 150 meters. Now see Confucius temple is the size of the Ming hongzhi years. After the liberation national funding repair protect many times. Released the first national key cultural relics protection units in China, UNESCO's world heritage list in December 1994, the United Nations protected units of cultural relics, long time of Confucius temple architecture, epic scale, the intact is the world's rare.

  Shinto. "Maninsan wall" vigorous cooper before this section of the road to "Shinto". Important temples are designed to open before the respect of informed, called "Shinto".

  Maninsan wall. The door is QuFuMing city is the south gate, is also the first door of Confucius temple, the hanging "maninsan wall" four characters, the qing emperor qianlong YuBi. It comes from Confucius' disciple zi gong. Lu convention governors, zi gong extensive and profound knowledge is advanced, with Confucius, zi gong is present, immediately stand up and say, I dare not with my teacher Confucius than, learning is like a wall, I only have a towering high the wall, my teacher asked of several walls. That is to say, my knowledge is equal to a high head, shoulder be clear at a glance is profound; Confucius' learning have me several times as much, after detailed research, a comprehensive discussion, to understand all of his, after entering the door, to see the beauty of the ancestral temple, head you can't see it at the door. Posterity to describe Confucius profound knowledge from teacher wall of towering, to "hundreds of towering", "towering" to the emperor of Ming dynasty named Confucius "civilian world," in this letter have "hh" Confucius learning, praise Confucius learning has ten thousand eight feet, look up, can't see the top, also said the wall deep wall high base is very strong. The four ZiYuan written by an imperial Ming, emperor qianlong to express his attention to Confucius, pro book "maninsan wall" changed his YuBi.

  Good music lane. This workshop was built in the Ming dynasty, to consummate and perfect expression of Confucius learned, like the whole process, playing music in the intact all along. Accompanied by bell, bell up "first order", is qing ended, and the voice of the vibration "jade" as the qing fell, "organized, it will," said praise Confucius' learning is a collection of ancient sage, so called "Kim seng and vibration jade", "Kim seng" the sound of the clock, the beginning, "vibration" jade qing, eventually. Which is the source of eps to "finish" idiom. "Good music" is a famous calligrapher of Ming dynasty Hu Zuanzong topic.

  "Two cypress bear a hole". Anything vibration jade fang this single-arch bridge, each have a cooper, so called "two cypress bear a hole". This bridge is called: "panxi water bridge" and near the palace panxi pools of water are interlinked, so of "looking forward to water". Read the book of Confucius in the past, admitted to universities is called "hope", few are high, is hoping to get rich and live are thriving.

  Dismount monument. Temple wall thing each set up a stone tablet, specially made in 1191 A.D. dismount tablet, under the car. Monument to the west of the early destruction, the east on the tablet "and officials like now dismount." In the past, officials and common people through its foot it dismount, in order to show respect for Confucius, Confucius temple.

  Lingxingmeng door. Built in Ming dynasty, rebuilt in 1754 AD, from wooden to stone. "Fasten qianlong YuBi lingxingmeng door". Galaxy legend heaven "twenty BaSu", among them, there is a star called "lingxingmeng" in charge of the culture, also known as "wanted", "vibration day star", the Confucius linked with the tube culture star in the sky, said he is of the highest cultural aspects, such as in the past to worship, offering "wanted", Confucius as Buddha day.

  Tai qi fang. This lane is built by the Ming dynasty in 1544 AD, highly praised the thoughts of Confucius, the proposition as "the universe can nurture space. Heaven and earth, the quartet of close, close of Yin and Yang", said the "tai" qi is the most basic things, the universe of taihe, the strength of the human world. "Tai qi" department of shandong province governor Ceng Xi calligraphy.

  To the Confucian temple lane. Built in Ming dynasty "to the Confucian temple lane", is a white marble, act the role of flame orb.

  Shall the heavens and the earth, the champions league at all. This monastery where transform to build a very peculiar memorial arch, wooden horn around edges, head one thousand renewal, there are eight monsters, is called "day dragon lion", from its majestic inspiration, can drive out evil, they just. Saying, "DE shall east arch of heaven and earth", said the benefits of the thoughts of Confucius advocated to humans like little, deeds can compare with heaven and earth. Saying the ancient and modern "crown" on the west side of the memorial arch, praise Confucius thought, the way of ancient and modern is to lift the champions league.

  The door. Three, four units are same as above, the central panlong. This name comes from mencius, the four ancient sage "yi, yi zhi, evil city, Confucius, mencius reduce sacred traces of four saints to four words:" yi qing of the saint, also yi zhi SAN was also, is the sum of evil city SAN, Confucius also st. "St" highly praise Confucius thoughts enduring, is suitable for the saint of The Times. The emperor QuFuChao hole to line "three kneeling nine knocking gift", walk the door; All previous dynasties "yan called" open "holy gate" at birth, except in both cases, it is not easily open the door. All walk fast 覩 door, halls.

  Fast 覩 door and take a sneak peek. Means learning four "five classics" of Confucius, who learn who have culture, the first who learn who first have the knowledge, to learn, to see first read for pleasure.

  Halls. According to the YanHui praise Confucius's named after a paragraph. YanHui, saying, teacher, Yang "high, drilling and even stronger than before. Praise Confucius learning can't see the top up, called "high", "learning classical Chinese is hard to understand, is called" even stronger than before, "high is not high, after is completely can learn hard. YanHui said "teacher shoot, good attractive, I by wen bo, said I to the ritual." My teacher coaxing, taught me to culture, and give me with courtesy.

  Han stone man. Back in highgate pavilion has two han stone man high historical value, one is "TingChang", local small officer (han dynasty), died of an entrance, is the king of lu tomb guard. A survey by generations of a specialist, and text have important value to the study of the han dynasty clothing.

  Confucius is my official curtilage, garden and combined with examples

  Confucius temple is on the east side of Confucius, Confucius is office grandson hereditary slot. Was built in the song dynasty, through generation of continuous expansion, the size of the form now. Covers an area of 200 mu, there are houses more than 480. Yamun and residential building in together, is a typical feudal aristocratic manor, imperial edict, issued by the official department lobby is used to accept the emperor or the family affairs. Confucius back yard has a garden, quiet and tastefully laid out and pure and fresh, layout, here can be called garden, is also a garden and combined with examples. Confucius in possession of a large number of historical archives, cultural relics handed down from generation to generation in clothing and gear, and precious.

  Konglin was suggested to be continue s's oldest and best-preserved family cemetery

  Konglin was suggested, also known as the most holy, Lin in qufu north gate, covers an area of 3000 mu, around the brick wall for 14 Lin, and his descendants of Confucius family cemetery. Konglin was suggested in BaiGui passageway, enter konglin was suggested to be after 1200 meters of the pyramid-shaped mound, and then through the stone arches, stone bridge, tunnel, arrived in Confucius's grave. The tomb of Confucius manor 6 meters high, the tomb of the east is the child of Confucius hole hole Ji carp and his grandson's grave. In konglin was suggested, and some grave remains of a stone huabiao, man and beast. All of these are in accordance with the grade of MuZhongRen was knighted a set, the extended and plants in konglin was suggested in 2500, there were mounds More than 10, ten thousand. Its duration, mould was buried, the preserved, are rare.

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇3

  Beijing AnDingMen article in guozijian street, also known as cheng Yin street. The street is a total of four original're building a type of coloured drawing or pattern, in the qing dynasty is the arched most preserved street in Beijing. Locust trees on both side of the street, blotting out the sun shade, sophora japonica fragrance. Beijing Confucian temple is situated at the eastern end of the street.

  Confucius temple is sacrifice famous thinker, educator, Confucius temple world culture celebrities, has a long history.

  Beijing Confucian temple was built in the yuan, a teacher for six years (1302 AD), yuan, a teacher for ten years (1306 AD) built, begun to take shape. Ming jiajing nine years (1530 AD) built the footprints temple, dedicated to Confucius five generations of ancestors. Qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) the expansion of the dacheng hall, Confucius into today's scale. The entire Confucius temple watching operas.it comprises three courtyards, covers an area of about 220xx square meters, the main body construction along the central axis, bilateral symmetry of the traditional Chinese architectural layout. In the long history of more than 700 years, it became a yuan, Ming and qing three generations of rulers Kong Chongru, promoting education, the main context of the holy land, has become many aim at of intellectuals worship hall of fame. This group is old than the imperial palace imperial buildings concentrated the essence of Confucian culture in one thousand, frozen for a period of hundreds of years of imperial examination. In a hall with high ceiling of the chung chi towering cooper, stone forest, Confucius temple, from the noise of the city, touch the pulse of the history, culture, with quiet indifferent heart to feel an extensive and profound Chinese traditional culture, it is a activity.

  Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation. The Confucius temple building scientific layout, scale, highlights the royal style.

  Past the door (also called lingxingmeng door) is the Confucius temple gate, width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door.

  Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation of the 8th century BC Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics of print, resembles that of words and profound poetic only knowledgeable Confucius was able to fully understand. First into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.

  The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade six years (AD 1302), was destroyed by fire, after the Ming yongle nine years (AD 1411) reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) to the temple from 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, inside the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the tallest building in feudalism society of China, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. "Dacheng temple consecrate Confucius holy king wen xuan" who're, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet. A god lead the case on set, respect, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are qing qianlong drive makes the real thing. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor of the book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.

  The third into the yard's most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Building the Ming jiajing nine years (AD 1530), the qing qianlong emperor two years (AD 1737) rebuilt, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.

  Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.

  Confucius temple after 700 years of history culture, precious cultural relics of a legacy, become a important historical research of ancient Chinese imperial examinations and Confucius Confucianism and in-kind.

  In Confucius temple first into the yard on both sides of the imperial way is divided into four parts with 198 tall title jinshi stone, three of the yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty, 77, 118 in the qing dynasty. The title jinshi stone engraved on the yuan, Ming and qing three generations of names, native places, imperial jinshi in all the subjects, a total of 51624 people. In numerous jinshi we know celebrities such as Ming dynasty etiquette of zhang juzheng, patriotic star Yu Qian, Yuan Chonghuan, scientists present YanSong rape, to learn in the qing dynasty outstanding yu ji xiaolan, liu2 yong and modern celebrity Liu Chunlin, shen junru and so on. Shuttle in the time span for hundreds of years in the forest of steles, stroke want mottled itself, look up at BeiMian has been vague on the handwriting, not let a person a "jiangshan generation have fell out, all the excellences for hundreds of years".

  Between the Confucian temple and guozijian ancient royal (university) in the way, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi 'an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi 'an forest of steles forest of steles. Ho-shen, wangjie legend emperor qianlong emperor nominees for President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, highly praised by emperor qian long, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in one's hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces.

  On the west side of central courtyard okimichi have seen through. Composed of green petals Wells, stone well. Because is located on the waterline okm, stable door area, the well water often overflow to the mouth of the well, water quality pure palate, legend has it the highest for people after greeting Confucius after all want to drink the water in the well, it is said that after drinking can be inspired, flair, write a good article. With well water ink, 4 excessive, write the word mo xiang pen smoothly. So the qianlong emperor "name inkstone lake. Although now borehole water level is low, there is no one to drink, but the name of the well refined atmosphere and moving legends, added a bit of Confucius literary grace.

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇4

  孔廟歷經(jīng)700多年的歷史文化積淀,遺留下來(lái)彌足珍貴的文物,成為研究中國(guó)古代科舉和孔子儒學(xué)的重要史料和實(shí)物。

  在孔廟的第一進(jìn)院落御路兩側(cè)分四部分樹(shù)立著198座高大的進(jìn)士題名碑,其中元代3座、明代77座、清代118座。這些進(jìn)士題名碑上刻著元、明、清三代各科進(jìn)士的姓名、籍貫、名次,共計(jì)51624人。在眾多的進(jìn)士當(dāng)中有我們熟知的一些名人如張居正,于謙、徐光啟,嚴(yán)嵩,紀(jì)昀、劉墉及近代名人劉春霖、沈鈞儒等。穿梭在這片時(shí)間跨度達(dá)數(shù)百年的碑林中,輕撫舊貌斑駁的碑身,仰望碑面上已模糊的字跡,不免讓人發(fā)出“江山代有才人出,各領(lǐng)-數(shù)百年”的感慨。

  在孔廟與國(guó)子監(jiān)(古代皇家大學(xué))之間的夾道內(nèi),有一處由189座高大石碑組成的碑林。石碑上篆刻著儒家經(jīng)典:《周易》、《尚書(shū)》、《詩(shī)經(jīng)》、《周禮》、《儀禮》、《禮記》、《春秋左傳》、《春秋公羊傳》、《春秋谷梁傳》、《論語(yǔ)》、《孝經(jīng)》、《孟子》、《爾雅》。這部石經(jīng)的藍(lán)本是雍正年間的江蘇金壇貢生蔣衡歷時(shí)20_年手書(shū)而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石經(jīng)共計(jì)63萬(wàn)余字,規(guī)模宏大,楷法工整,內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性和刻制的精美度都優(yōu)于西安的“開(kāi)成石經(jīng)”,而在規(guī)模上也是僅次于西安碑林的全國(guó)第二大碑林。相傳乾隆命和珅、王杰為總裁,彭元瑞、劉墉為副總裁來(lái)考訂經(jīng)稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三經(jīng)核訂蔣衡手書(shū)的經(jīng)稿,并把俗體字均改為古體字,使-更加完善規(guī)范,古意大增,受到乾隆贊賞,被授以太子太保銜。這使和珅嫉恨非凡,權(quán)傾朝野的他命人在一夜之間挖去石碑上全部改過(guò)的古體字。直到和珅0后,古體字跡才得以重新修復(fù),至今碑面上還有一塊塊挖補(bǔ)的痕跡。

  道的西側(cè)有口古井。由青石板組成的花瓣形井臺(tái),石質(zhì)井圈。由于坐落在德勝門(mén)、安定門(mén)內(nèi)一帶水線上,當(dāng)年井水常溢到井口,水質(zhì)清純甘冽,相傳進(jìn)京趕考的舉人們?cè)诎葜]孔子后都要飲一下井中圣水,據(jù)說(shuō)飲后能文思泉涌,妙筆生花,寫(xiě)出一手好文章。而用井水磨墨,寫(xiě)出的字墨香四溢,筆勁流暢。故乾隆賜名“硯水湖”。雖然現(xiàn)在井中水位很低,也沒(méi)有人飲用,但這口井雅致大氣的名字及動(dòng)人的傳說(shuō),為孔廟增添了幾分文采。

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇5

  尊敬的各位來(lái)賓:

  你們好!我受旅游、接待部門(mén)的委托,對(duì)光臨名城曲阜參觀游覽的各位佳賓表示熱烈地歡迎。我有幸為大家導(dǎo)游陪同參觀,非常高興,這是咱們共同頎賞學(xué)習(xí)的好機(jī)會(huì)?春笳(qǐng)留下寶貴意見(jiàn)。

  首先,向大家簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下曲阜的歷史、文物概況。

  歷史文化名城曲阜是我國(guó)古代偉大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文獻(xiàn)整理家、世之圣人孔子的家鄉(xiāng),亞圣孟子的故里,中華民族的始祖軒轅黃帝的誕生地,炎帝的首都,商殷故國(guó),魯國(guó)首都。三皇五帝有四位在這里生息勞作,有5000多年的歷史。地下有豐富的寶藏,地上有眾多的文物。現(xiàn)有文物112處,其中有聯(lián)合國(guó)保護(hù)單位,世界文化遺產(chǎn)3處,全國(guó)保護(hù)的4處,省級(jí)12處,其他為地市級(jí)保護(hù)的。

  重中之重有"三孔兩廟一陵"、"三山二林一寺"?讖R、孔府、孔林,俗稱(chēng)"三孔",有祭祀中國(guó)元圣周公的廟宇,有祭祀孔子第一大弟子復(fù)圣顏回的廟,俗稱(chēng)"兩廟";"一陵"是黃帝誕生地--壽丘少昊陵;"三山";孔子出生地尼山、漢墓群九龍山、小泰山--九仙山(又稱(chēng)九山)。二林是:世界教育孩子最好的母親孟母林,孔子父母埋葬地梁公林;"一寺"是李白、杜甫作詩(shī)、答對(duì)、分手處,著名文人孔尚任隱居處國(guó)家園林"石門(mén)寺"。

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇6

  北京孔廟(19張)元大德六年(1302)建,大德十年建成。明永樂(lè)九年(1411)重建。宣德、嘉靖、萬(wàn)歷年間分別修繕大殿,添建崇圣祠,清順治、雍正、乾隆時(shí)又重修,光緒三十二年(1906)升祭祀孔子為大祀,將正殿擴(kuò)建?讖R雖然經(jīng)過(guò)歷代重修,但其結(jié)構(gòu)基本上仍然保存元代風(fēng)格。門(mén)內(nèi)院落共有三進(jìn),中軸線上的建筑從南向北依次為大成門(mén)、大成殿、崇圣門(mén)及崇圣祠。有元、明、清三代的進(jìn)士題名碑198塊,為研究中國(guó)古代科舉制度的重要文獻(xiàn)資料?讖R從起對(duì)外開(kāi)放,供人游覽。中華人民共和國(guó)建立后被列為市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位,后為首都博物館。

  全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。位于北京城內(nèi)東城區(qū)國(guó)子監(jiān)街。占地2.2萬(wàn)平方米。歷代多次重修,為元、明、清三代祭孔建筑,又名"先師廟"。廟坐北朝南,大門(mén)稱(chēng)先師門(mén),仍保持元代風(fēng)格。前有琉璃壁及下馬碑,進(jìn)門(mén)東西有碑亭、神廚、神庫(kù)等,并立有元、明、清三代進(jìn)士題名碑118方,題刻歷代進(jìn)士5萬(wàn)多名。進(jìn)大成門(mén)至第二進(jìn)院,正殿名大成殿,為孔廟主體建筑,面闊9間,進(jìn)深5間,黃琉璃筒瓦重檐廡殿頂,殿前月臺(tái)三出陛,殿內(nèi)供奉孔子及"四配"、"十二哲"。殿前有600余年樹(shù)齡的古柏一株,名"除0柏",亦名"觸0柏"。有古井一口,清高宗賜名"硯水湖"。大成殿后有崇圣祠,自成院落,為祭祀孔子先祖之地。今辟為首都博物館,展出北京地區(qū)出土的歷代珍貴文物。

  北京安定門(mén)內(nèi)有條國(guó)子監(jiān)街,又名成賢街。這條街共有4座原汁原味的清代一間式彩繪木牌樓,是北京保留牌樓最多最完整的一條街。街道兩旁槐樹(shù)成行,濃蔭蔽日,槐花飄香。北京孔廟就坐落在這條街的東端。

  歷史悠久:已有700多年

  孔廟是祭祀著名的思想家、教育家,世界文化名人孔子的廟宇,源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。北京孔廟始建于元大德六年(公元1320xx年),元大德十年(公元1320xx年)建成,初具規(guī)模。明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)建崇圣祠,用于供奉孔子五代先人。清光緒三十二年(公元)擴(kuò)建大成殿,孔廟始成今日的規(guī)模。整座孔廟分三進(jìn)院落,占地約220xx平方米,采用了主體建筑沿中軸線分布,左右對(duì)稱(chēng)的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑布局。在700多年的漫長(zhǎng)歷史中,這里成為元、明、清三代統(tǒng)治者尊孔崇儒,宣揚(yáng)教化,主興文脈的圣地,也成為眾多志在功名的讀書(shū)人頂禮膜拜的殿堂。這組比故宮還年代久遠(yuǎn)的皇家古建筑濃縮了千年儒家文化精髓,凝固了一段數(shù)百年的漫漫科舉之路。徜徉在古柏參天、石碑林立、崇基高堂的孔廟里,遠(yuǎn)離都市的喧鬧,觸摸歷史、文化的脈搏,以寧?kù)o淡泊的心去感受中華傳統(tǒng)文化的博大精深,實(shí)在是件雅事。

  建筑輝煌:凸顯皇家氣派

  北京孔廟主體建筑都覆以黃色琉璃瓦,是封建社會(huì)的最高建筑規(guī)制。整座孔廟建筑布局科學(xué),規(guī)模宏大,凸顯皇家氣派。

  先師門(mén)(又稱(chēng)欞星門(mén))是孔廟的大門(mén),面闊三間,進(jìn)深七檁,單檐歇山頂,基本上保留了元代的建筑風(fēng)格,先師門(mén)兩側(cè)連接廟宇的外圍墻,猶如一座城門(mén)。進(jìn)入先師門(mén),迎面看到的便是大成門(mén)。大成門(mén)創(chuàng)建于元代,清代重修,面闊五間,進(jìn)深九檁,單檐歇山頂。整座建筑坐落在高大的磚石臺(tái)基上,中間的御路石上高浮雕海水龍紋圖樣,五龍戲珠,栩栩如生。大成門(mén)前廊兩側(cè)擺放著10枚石鼓,每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游獵詩(shī)。這是清乾隆時(shí)仿公元前8世紀(jì)周宣王時(shí)代的石鼓遺物刻制的,那難辨的文字和深邃的詩(shī)意恐怕只有學(xué)識(shí)淵博的孔老夫子才能完全理解吧。第一進(jìn)院落是皇帝祭孔前籌備各項(xiàng)事宜的場(chǎng)所,其東側(cè)設(shè)有宰牲亭、井亭、神廚,用于祭孔三牲的宰殺、清洗和烹制。兩側(cè)有神庫(kù)、致齋所用于祭孔禮器的存放和供品的備制。

  第二進(jìn)院落是孔廟的中心院落,每逢祭孔大典,這里便鐘鼓齊鳴,樂(lè)舞升平,儀仗威嚴(yán)。大成殿是第二進(jìn)院落的主體建筑,也是整座孔廟的中心建筑,是孔廟內(nèi)最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年(公元1320xx年),后毀于戰(zhàn)火,明永樂(lè)九年(公元1420xx年)重建,清光緒三十二年(公元)將殿由7間擴(kuò)建為9間。殿內(nèi)金磚鋪地,內(nèi)頂施團(tuán)龍井口天花,其規(guī)制是我國(guó)封建社會(huì)的最高建筑等級(jí),堪與故宮太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位,神位兩邊設(shè)有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案,上設(shè)尊、爵、卣、籩、豆等祭器均為清乾隆時(shí)的御制真品。大殿內(nèi)外高懸清康熙至宣統(tǒng)9位皇帝的御匾,均是皇帝親書(shū)的對(duì)孔子的四字贊語(yǔ),是珍貴的文物。

  孔廟的第三進(jìn)院落最具特色,由崇圣門(mén)、崇圣殿和東西配殿組成獨(dú)立完整的院落,與前二進(jìn)院落分割明顯而又過(guò)渡自然,反映出古人在建筑部局上的巧妙構(gòu)思。這組建筑稱(chēng)為崇圣祠,是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家廟。建于明嘉靖九年(公元1530年),清乾隆二年(公元1737年)重修,并將灰瓦頂改為綠琉璃瓦頂。崇圣殿又稱(chēng)五代祠,面闊五間,進(jìn)深七檁,殿前建有寬大的月臺(tái),月臺(tái)三面建有垂帶踏步各十級(jí)。殿內(nèi)供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的顏回、孔伋、曾參、孟軻四位先哲之父的牌位。東西配殿坐落在磚石臺(tái)基上,面闊三間,進(jìn)深五檁,單檐懸山頂,內(nèi)奉程頤、程顥兄弟、張載、蔡沈、周敦頤、朱熹6位先儒之父。

  三進(jìn)院落及其建筑有明確的建筑等級(jí)差別和功能區(qū)域劃分,和諧統(tǒng)一地組成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落,是我國(guó)古代建筑的杰出代表。

  史料珍貴:眾多名碑有記載

  孔廟歷經(jīng)700多年的歷史文化積淀,遺留下來(lái)彌足珍貴的文物,成為研究中國(guó)古代科舉和孔子儒學(xué)的重要史料和實(shí)物。

  在孔廟的第一進(jìn)院落御路兩側(cè)分四部分樹(shù)立著198座高大的進(jìn)士題名碑,其中元代3座、明代77座、清代118座。這些進(jìn)士題名碑上刻著元、明、清三代各科進(jìn)士的姓名、籍貫、名次,共計(jì)51624人。在眾多的進(jìn)士當(dāng)中有我們熟知的一些名人如張居正,于謙、徐光啟,嚴(yán)嵩,紀(jì)昀、劉墉及近代名人劉春霖、沈鈞儒等。穿梭在這片時(shí)間跨度達(dá)數(shù)百年的碑林中,輕撫舊貌斑駁的碑身,仰望碑面上已模糊的字跡,不免讓人發(fā)出“江山代有才人出,各領(lǐng)-數(shù)百年”的感慨。

  在孔廟與國(guó)子監(jiān)(古代皇家大學(xué))之間的夾道內(nèi),有一處由189座高大石碑組成的碑林。石碑上篆刻著儒家經(jīng)典:《周易》、《尚書(shū)》、《詩(shī)經(jīng)》、《周禮》、《儀禮》、《禮記》、《春秋左傳》、《春秋公羊傳》、《春秋谷梁傳》、《論語(yǔ)》、《孝經(jīng)》、《孟子》、《爾雅》。這部石經(jīng)的藍(lán)本是雍正年間的江蘇金壇貢生蔣衡歷時(shí)20xx年手書(shū)而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石經(jīng)共計(jì)63萬(wàn)余字,規(guī)模宏大,楷法工整,內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性和刻制的精美度都優(yōu)于西安的“開(kāi)成石經(jīng)”,而在規(guī)模上也是僅次于西安碑林的全國(guó)第二大碑林。相傳乾隆命和珅、王杰為總裁,彭元瑞、劉墉為副總裁來(lái)考訂經(jīng)稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三經(jīng)核訂蔣衡手書(shū)的經(jīng)稿,并把俗體字均改為古體字,使-更加完善規(guī)范,古意大增,受到乾隆贊賞,被授以太子太保銜。這使和珅嫉恨非凡,權(quán)傾朝野的他命人在一夜之間挖去石碑上全部改過(guò)的古體字。直到和珅0后,古體字跡才得以重新修復(fù),至今碑面上還有一塊塊挖補(bǔ)的痕跡。

  道的西側(cè)有口古井。由青石板組成的花瓣形井臺(tái),石質(zhì)井圈。由于坐落在德勝門(mén)、安定門(mén)內(nèi)一帶水線上,當(dāng)年井水常溢到井口,水質(zhì)清純甘冽,相傳進(jìn)京趕考的舉人們?cè)诎葜]孔子后都要飲一下井中圣水,據(jù)說(shuō)飲后能文思泉涌,妙筆生花,寫(xiě)出一手好文章。而用井水磨墨,寫(xiě)出的字墨香四溢,筆勁流暢。故乾隆賜名“硯水湖”。雖然現(xiàn)在井中水位很低,也沒(méi)有人飲用,但這口井雅致大氣的名字及動(dòng)人的傳說(shuō),為孔廟增添了幾分文采。

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇7

  各地的游客們:

  大家好!歡迎您來(lái)到曲阜。首先,請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我自我介紹一下,我姓賀,是來(lái)自快樂(lè)旅行團(tuán)的一名導(dǎo)游,以后大家叫我小賀就行啦!不用客氣!

  言歸正傳,這次我們的目的地是曲阜的孔府。我在車(chē)上先和大家說(shuō)一下注意事項(xiàng),我們的集合、自由游覽時(shí)光已經(jīng)公布了,請(qǐng)大家不要遲到,不要因?yàn)樽晕叶绊懫渌,另外,?qǐng)大家認(rèn)清我們快樂(lè)旅游團(tuán)的標(biāo)志,看!我們的標(biāo)志是一面旗子上方有一只鳥(niǎo)兒。請(qǐng)大家認(rèn)清標(biāo)志,不要走丟。多謝大家的合作!

  大家看!這就是有名的孔府!孔府,又稱(chēng)衍圣公府,位于孔廟的東側(cè),他有一個(gè)有名的稱(chēng)號(hào),叫“天下第一家”之稱(chēng),是孔子的歷代子孫居住的地方,也是中國(guó)封建社會(huì)官衙與內(nèi)宅合一的典型建筑?鬃铀篮,他的子孫后代一向居住在他旁邊的孔廟中。到北宋末期,孔氏后裔住宅擴(kuò)大到數(shù)十間,到金代,孔子后裔一向是孔廟東邊,隨著孔子后世官位的升遷和爵位的提高,孔府建筑不斷擴(kuò)大,至宋、明、清到達(dá)此刻規(guī)模。此刻孔府占地約7。4公頃,有古建筑480間,分前后九進(jìn)院落,中、東、西三路布局。府內(nèi)存有著名的孔府檔案和超多文物。

  看!這氣魄雄偉的門(mén)就是孔府的大門(mén),坐北朝南。左右兩側(cè),兩米多高的圓雕雌雄石獅大門(mén)正中上方的高懸著藍(lán)底金字的“圣府”匾額,相傳為明相嚴(yán)嵩手書(shū)。那兩個(gè)柱子上懸掛的對(duì)聯(lián)寫(xiě)著:與國(guó)咸休安富尊榮公府第,同天并老文章道德圣人家。這副對(duì)聯(lián)相傳是清人紀(jì)均的手書(shū)。形象地說(shuō)明了孔府在封建社會(huì)中的顯赫地位。“富”字上少了一點(diǎn),“章”字中多了一筆,意思是說(shuō)衍圣公官職位列一品,田地萬(wàn)畝千頃,自然富貴沒(méi)了頂;孔子及其學(xué)說(shuō)“德侔天地、道冠古今”,圣人之家的“禮樂(lè)法度”,也就能天地并存,日月同光。

  看!這就是第二道大門(mén),俗稱(chēng)二門(mén)。門(mén)建于明代,門(mén)楣高懸明代詩(shī)人、吏部尚書(shū)、文淵閣大學(xué)士李東陽(yáng)手書(shū)“圣人之門(mén)”豎匾正門(mén)左右各有腋門(mén)一座,耳房一間。在封建社會(huì),平時(shí)只走腋門(mén),正門(mén)不開(kāi),以示莊嚴(yán)。

  三堂也叫退廳,是衍圣公接見(jiàn)四品以上官員的地方,也是他們處理家族內(nèi)部糾紛和處罰府內(nèi)仆役的場(chǎng)所。為了持續(xù)與外界的聯(lián)系,在內(nèi)宅門(mén)專(zhuān)設(shè)兩種傳事的差役,一種叫差弁,一種叫內(nèi)傳事都有十幾人,輪番在門(mén)旁耳房?jī)?nèi)值班,隨時(shí)向外和向內(nèi)傳話。門(mén)的西側(cè)還有一個(gè)露出墻外特制的水槽--石流,府內(nèi)規(guī)定挑水夫不得進(jìn)入內(nèi)宅,只把水倒入槽內(nèi)隔墻流入內(nèi)宅。

  此刻我們來(lái)到了前上房。這是孔府主人接待至親和近支族人的客廳,也是他們舉行家宴和婚喪儀式的主要場(chǎng)所。院內(nèi)東西兩側(cè)各有一株茂盛的十里香樹(shù),每當(dāng)春夏相交時(shí)節(jié),潔白的花朵散發(fā)出陣陣清香,房前有一大月臺(tái),四角放著四個(gè)帶鼻的石鼓,是當(dāng)年府內(nèi)戲班唱戲時(shí)扎棚的腳石。清末孔府養(yǎng)著幾十人的戲班子,主人一聲令下,立刻開(kāi)鑼唱戲。前上房?jī)?nèi),明間敞亮,正中高懸“宏開(kāi)慈宇”的大匾,中堂之上,掛有一幅慈禧親筆寫(xiě)的“壽”字。

  東側(cè)間,陳列著乾隆皇帝送給孔府的荊根床、椅。桌上放有同治皇帝的圣旨原件。還有色彩鮮艷、花紋古樸的明代“景泰藍(lán)”。梢間中間桌上擺設(shè)著一大套滿(mǎn)漢餐具,共同404件。器皿上分別雕有鹿、鴨、魚(yú)等,可按其形盛菜,一餐上菜多達(dá)190道。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),孔府構(gòu)成了一種精細(xì)獨(dú)特的菜肴---孔府菜。各種菜制做講究,取名典雅,如繡球魚(yú)翅、珍珠海參、神仙鴨子、詩(shī)禮銀杏、玉筆蝦仁等名菜,色、香、味、形俱佳。西里間,為孔子七十六代孫、衍圣公孔令貽簽閱文件的地方,桌上放有文房四寶,書(shū)架上還陳列著儒家經(jīng)書(shū)和孔氏家譜。前上房院的東西兩側(cè)各有五間配房,是孔府收藏日用禮器的內(nèi)庫(kù)房和管帳室。大家能夠去看看

  看,蒼松挺拔,魚(yú)池東西對(duì)列,恬靜雅致,大有步移景遷之感,這就是前堂樓。室內(nèi)陳設(shè)布置仍持續(xù)著當(dāng)年的原貌。中間設(shè)一銅制暖爐,為當(dāng)時(shí)取暖的用具。東間的“多寶閣”內(nèi),擺設(shè)著鳳冠、人參、珊瑚、靈芝、玉雕、牙雕等。里套間為孔子七十六代孫、衍圣公孔令貽夫人陶氏的臥室,再里間是孔令貽兩個(gè)女兒的臥室。七十七代孫、衍圣公孔德成14歲時(shí)寫(xiě)的“圣人之心如珠在淵,常人之心如瓢在水”的條幅,原封不動(dòng)地掛在壁上。

  那里是后堂樓,后堂樓是二層前出廊的7間樓房,東西兩側(cè)有二層前出廊的配樓各3間。后堂樓是孔子七十七代孫、衍圣公孔德成的住宅。

  那里是孔府的后花園,孔府花園在孔府內(nèi)宅后院,又名鐵山園。其實(shí)鐵山園內(nèi)并無(wú)鐵山,只在花園西北隅有幾塊形似山峰的鐵礦石。此石系孔慶容在清嘉慶年間重修花園時(shí)移入的,稱(chēng)天降神三環(huán)路助他修園,他自我從此也以“鐵山園主人”自稱(chēng)。

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇8

  北京孔廟(19張)元大德六年(1302)建,大德十年建成。明永樂(lè)九年(1411)重建。宣德、嘉靖、萬(wàn)歷年間分別修繕大殿,添建崇圣祠,清順治、雍正、乾隆時(shí)又重修,光緒三十二年(1906)升祭祀孔子為大祀,將正殿擴(kuò)建?讖R雖然經(jīng)過(guò)歷代重修,但其結(jié)構(gòu)基本上仍然保存元代風(fēng)格。門(mén)內(nèi)院落共有三進(jìn),中軸線上的建筑從南向北依次為大成門(mén)、大成殿、崇圣門(mén)及崇圣祠。有元、明、清三代的進(jìn)士題名碑198塊,為研究中國(guó)古代科舉制度的重要文獻(xiàn)資料?讖R從起對(duì)外開(kāi)放,供人游覽。中華人民共和國(guó)建立后被列為市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位,后為首都博物館。

  全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。位于北京城內(nèi)東城區(qū)國(guó)子監(jiān)街。占地2.2萬(wàn)平方米。歷代多次重修,為元、明、清三代祭孔建筑,又名"先師廟"。廟坐北朝南,大門(mén)稱(chēng)先師門(mén),仍保持元代風(fēng)格。前有琉璃壁及下馬碑,進(jìn)門(mén)東西有碑亭、神廚、神庫(kù)等,并立有元、明、清三代進(jìn)士題名碑118方,題刻歷代進(jìn)士5萬(wàn)多名。進(jìn)大成門(mén)至第二進(jìn)院,正殿名大成殿,為孔廟主體建筑,面闊9間,進(jìn)深5間,黃琉璃筒瓦重檐廡殿頂,殿前月臺(tái)三出陛,殿內(nèi)供奉孔子及"四配"、"十二哲"。殿前有600余年樹(shù)齡的古柏一株,名"除0柏",亦名"觸0柏"。有古井一口,清高宗賜名"硯水湖"。大成殿后有崇圣祠,自成院落,為祭祀孔子先祖之地。今辟為首都博物館,展出北京地區(qū)出土的歷代珍貴文物。

  北京安定門(mén)內(nèi)有條國(guó)子監(jiān)街,又名成賢街。這條街共有4座原汁原味的清代一間式彩繪木牌樓,是北京保留牌樓最多最完整的一條街。街道兩旁槐樹(shù)成行,濃蔭蔽日,槐花飄香。北京孔廟就坐落在這條街的東端。

  歷史悠久:已有700多年

  孔廟是祭祀著名的思想家、教育家,世界文化名人孔子的廟宇,源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。北京孔廟始建于元大德六年(公元1320xx年),元大德十年(公元1320xx年)建成,初具規(guī)模。明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)建崇圣祠,用于供奉孔子五代先人。清光緒三十二年(公元)擴(kuò)建大成殿,孔廟始成今日的規(guī)模。整座孔廟分三進(jìn)院落,占地約220xx平方米,采用了主體建筑沿中軸線分布,左右對(duì)稱(chēng)的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑布局。在700多年的漫長(zhǎng)歷史中,這里成為元、明、清三代統(tǒng)治者尊孔崇儒,宣揚(yáng)教化,主興文脈的圣地,也成為眾多志在功名的讀書(shū)人頂禮膜拜的殿堂。這組比故宮還年代久遠(yuǎn)的皇家古建筑濃縮了千年儒家文化精髓,凝固了一段數(shù)百年的漫漫科舉之路。徜徉在古柏參天、石碑林立、崇基高堂的孔廟里,遠(yuǎn)離都市的喧鬧,觸摸歷史、文化的脈搏,以寧?kù)o淡泊的心去感受中華傳統(tǒng)文化的博大精深,實(shí)在是件雅事。

  建筑輝煌:凸顯皇家氣派

  北京孔廟主體建筑都覆以黃色琉璃瓦,是封建社會(huì)的最高建筑規(guī)制。整座孔廟建筑布局科學(xué),規(guī)模宏大,凸顯皇家氣派。

  先師門(mén)(又稱(chēng)欞星門(mén))是孔廟的大門(mén),面闊三間,進(jìn)深七檁,單檐歇山頂,基本上保留了元代的建筑風(fēng)格,先師門(mén)兩側(cè)連接廟宇的外圍墻,猶如一座城門(mén)。進(jìn)入先師門(mén),迎面看到的便是大成門(mén)。大成門(mén)創(chuàng)建于元代,清代重修,面闊五間,進(jìn)深九檁,單檐歇山頂。整座建筑坐落在高大的磚石臺(tái)基上,中間的御路石上高浮雕海水龍紋圖樣,五龍戲珠,栩栩如生。大成門(mén)前廊兩側(cè)擺放著10枚石鼓,每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游獵詩(shī)。這是清乾隆時(shí)仿公元前8世紀(jì)周宣王時(shí)代的石鼓遺物刻制的,那難辨的文字和深邃的詩(shī)意恐怕只有學(xué)識(shí)淵博的孔老夫子才能完全理解吧。第一進(jìn)院落是皇帝祭孔前籌備各項(xiàng)事宜的場(chǎng)所,其東側(cè)設(shè)有宰牲亭、井亭、神廚,用于祭孔三牲的宰殺、清洗和烹制。兩側(cè)有神庫(kù)、致齋所用于祭孔禮器的存放和供品的備制。

  第二進(jìn)院落是孔廟的中心院落,每逢祭孔大典,這里便鐘鼓齊鳴,樂(lè)舞升平,儀仗威嚴(yán)。大成殿是第二進(jìn)院落的主體建筑,也是整座孔廟的中心建筑,是孔廟內(nèi)最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年(公元1320xx年),后毀于戰(zhàn)火,明永樂(lè)九年(公元1420xx年)重建,清光緒三十二年(公元)將殿由7間擴(kuò)建為9間。殿內(nèi)金磚鋪地,內(nèi)頂施團(tuán)龍井口天花,其規(guī)制是我國(guó)封建社會(huì)的最高建筑等級(jí),堪與故宮太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位,神位兩邊設(shè)有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案,上設(shè)尊、爵、卣、籩、豆等祭器均為清乾隆時(shí)的御制真品。大殿內(nèi)外高懸清康熙至宣統(tǒng)9位皇帝的御匾,均是皇帝親書(shū)的對(duì)孔子的四字贊語(yǔ),是珍貴的文物。

  孔廟的第三進(jìn)院落最具特色,由崇圣門(mén)、崇圣殿和東西配殿組成獨(dú)立完整的院落,與前二進(jìn)院落分割明顯而又過(guò)渡自然,反映出古人在建筑部局上的巧妙構(gòu)思。這組建筑稱(chēng)為崇圣祠,是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家廟。建于明嘉靖九年(公元1530年),清乾隆二年(公元1737年)重修,并將灰瓦頂改為綠琉璃瓦頂。崇圣殿又稱(chēng)五代祠,面闊五間,進(jìn)深七檁,殿前建有寬大的月臺(tái),月臺(tái)三面建有垂帶踏步各十級(jí)。殿內(nèi)供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的顏回、孔伋、曾參、孟軻四位先哲之父的牌位。東西配殿坐落在磚石臺(tái)基上,面闊三間,進(jìn)深五檁,單檐懸山頂,內(nèi)奉程頤、程顥兄弟、張載、蔡沈、周敦頤、朱熹6位先儒之父。

  三進(jìn)院落及其建筑有明確的建筑等級(jí)差別和功能區(qū)域劃分,和諧統(tǒng)一地組成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落,是我國(guó)古代建筑的杰出代表。

  史料珍貴:眾多名碑有記載

  孔廟歷經(jīng)700多年的歷史文化積淀,遺留下來(lái)彌足珍貴的文物,成為研究中國(guó)古代科舉和孔子儒學(xué)的重要史料和實(shí)物。

  在孔廟的第一進(jìn)院落御路兩側(cè)分四部分樹(shù)立著198座高大的進(jìn)士題名碑,其中元代3座、明代77座、清代118座。這些進(jìn)士題名碑上刻著元、明、清三代各科進(jìn)士的姓名、籍貫、名次,共計(jì)51624人。在眾多的進(jìn)士當(dāng)中有我們熟知的一些名人如張居正,于謙、徐光啟,嚴(yán)嵩,紀(jì)昀、劉墉及近代名人劉春霖、沈鈞儒等。穿梭在這片時(shí)間跨度達(dá)數(shù)百年的碑林中,輕撫舊貌斑駁的碑身,仰望碑面上已模糊的字跡,不免讓人發(fā)出“江山代有才人出,各領(lǐng)-數(shù)百年”的感慨。

  在孔廟與國(guó)子監(jiān)(古代皇家大學(xué))之間的夾道內(nèi),有一處由189座高大石碑組成的碑林。石碑上篆刻著儒家經(jīng)典:《周易》、《尚書(shū)》、《詩(shī)經(jīng)》、《周禮》、《儀禮》、《禮記》、《春秋左傳》、《春秋公羊傳》、《春秋谷梁傳》、《論語(yǔ)》、《孝經(jīng)》、《孟子》、《爾雅》。這部石經(jīng)的藍(lán)本是雍正年間的江蘇金壇貢生蔣衡歷時(shí)20xx年手書(shū)而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石經(jīng)共計(jì)63萬(wàn)余字,規(guī)模宏大,楷法工整,內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性和刻制的精美度都優(yōu)于西安的“開(kāi)成石經(jīng)”,而在規(guī)模上也是僅次于西安碑林的全國(guó)第二大碑林。相傳乾隆命和珅、王杰為總裁,彭元瑞、劉墉為副總裁來(lái)考訂經(jīng)稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三經(jīng)核訂蔣衡手書(shū)的經(jīng)稿,并把俗體字均改為古體字,使-更加完善規(guī)范,古意大增,受到乾隆贊賞,被授以太子太保銜。這使和珅嫉恨非凡,權(quán)傾朝野的他命人在一夜之間挖去石碑上全部改過(guò)的古體字。直到和珅0后,古體字跡才得以重新修復(fù),至今碑面上還有一塊塊挖補(bǔ)的痕跡。

  道的西側(cè)有口古井。由青石板組成的花瓣形井臺(tái),石質(zhì)井圈。由于坐落在德勝門(mén)、安定門(mén)內(nèi)一帶水線上,當(dāng)年井水常溢到井口,水質(zhì)清純甘冽,相傳進(jìn)京趕考的舉人們?cè)诎葜]孔子后都要飲一下井中圣水,據(jù)說(shuō)飲后能文思泉涌,妙筆生花,寫(xiě)出一手好文章。而用井水磨墨,寫(xiě)出的字墨香四溢,筆勁流暢。故乾隆賜名“硯水湖”。雖然現(xiàn)在井中水位很低,也沒(méi)有人飲用,但這口井雅致大氣的名字及動(dòng)人的傳說(shuō),為孔廟增添了幾分文采。

  20xx年4月北京孔廟開(kāi)始了50年來(lái)的第一次大規(guī)模修繕,這次修繕以古建復(fù)原和維護(hù)為主,恢復(fù)清代的建筑規(guī)模和樣式,宏偉大氣的孔廟將再次重現(xiàn)人們面前。

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇9

  各位游客朋友,現(xiàn)在我們看到的是北京孔廟?讖R又稱(chēng)文廟、先師廟,是祭祀孔子的圣廟。在中國(guó),孔廟遍布各地,但孔氏家廟全國(guó)僅有兩處,一個(gè)在山東曲阜,一個(gè)在浙江衢州,而坐落在北京東城區(qū)安定門(mén)內(nèi)的北京孔廟規(guī)格最高,是元、明、清三朝皇帝舉行國(guó)家祭孔的場(chǎng)所。

  各位朋友,我們現(xiàn)在看到的是先師門(mén),又稱(chēng)欞星門(mén),'是孔廟的大門(mén),面闊3間,進(jìn)深7檁,單檐歇山頂,基本上保留了元代的建筑風(fēng)格。進(jìn)人先師門(mén),迎面看到的便是大成門(mén)。大成門(mén)創(chuàng)建于元代,清代重修,面闊5間,進(jìn)深9檁,單檐歇山頂。整座建筑坐落在高大的磚石臺(tái)基上,中間的御路石上髙浮雕海水龍紋圖樣,五龍戲珠,栩栩如生。大成門(mén)前廊兩側(cè)擺放著10枚石鼓,每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游獵詩(shī)。這是清乾隆時(shí)仿周宣王時(shí)代的石鼓遺物刻制的。

  各位游客朋友,我們現(xiàn)在到了第一進(jìn)院落,這里是皇帝祭孔前籌備各項(xiàng)事宜的場(chǎng)所,其東側(cè)設(shè)有宰牲亭、井亭、神廚,用于祭孔三牲的宰殺、清洗和烹制。兩側(cè)有神庫(kù)、致齋所,用于祭孔禮器的存放和供品的備制。第二進(jìn)院落是孔廟的中心院落,每逢祭孔大典,這里便鐘鼓齊鳴,樂(lè)舞升平,儀仗威嚴(yán)。大成殿是第二進(jìn)院落的主體建筑,也是整座孔廟的中心建筑,是孔廟內(nèi)最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年,后毀于戰(zhàn)火,明永樂(lè)九年重建,清光緒三十二年將殿由7間擴(kuò)建為9間。殿內(nèi)金磚鋪地,內(nèi)頂施團(tuán)龍井口天花,其規(guī)制是最高建筑等級(jí),堪與故宮太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位,神位兩邊設(shè)有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案,上設(shè)尊、爵、卣、籩、豆等祭器均為清乾隆時(shí)的御制真品。大殿內(nèi)外高懸清康熙至宣統(tǒng)9位皇帝的御匾,均是皇帝親書(shū)的對(duì)孔子的四字贊語(yǔ),是極其珍貴的文物。

  各位游客朋友,我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)到了孔廟的第三進(jìn)院落,這是最具特色院落,是由崇圣門(mén)、崇圣殿和東西配殿組成的獨(dú)立完整的院落,與前二進(jìn)院落分割明顯而又過(guò)渡自然,反映出古人在建筑布局上的巧妙構(gòu)思。各位請(qǐng)看這組建筑,它叫崇圣殿,是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家廟,建于明嘉靖九年,清乾隆二年重修,并將灰瓦頂改為綠琉璃瓦頂。崇圣殿又稱(chēng)五代祠,面闊5間,進(jìn)深7檁,殿前建有寬大的月臺(tái),月臺(tái)三面建有垂帶踏步各十級(jí)。殿內(nèi)供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的顏回、孔伋、曾參、孟軻四位先哲之父的牌位。東西配殿坐落在磚石臺(tái)基上,面闊3間,進(jìn)深5檁,單檐懸山頂,內(nèi)奉程頤、程顥兄弟、張載、蔡沈、周敦頤、朱熹6位先儒之父。各位朋友,孔廟的三進(jìn)院落及其建筑有明確的建筑等級(jí)差別和功能區(qū)域劃分,和諧統(tǒng)一地組成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落,是我國(guó)古代建筑的杰出代表。

  各位游客朋友,我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)到了北京國(guó)子監(jiān),它位于國(guó)子監(jiān)街(原名成賢街),與孔廟相鄰。各位請(qǐng)看,這是集賢門(mén),是國(guó)子監(jiān)的大門(mén),門(mén)內(nèi)院子?xùn)|西設(shè)有井亭,東側(cè)的持敬門(mén)與孔廟相通。進(jìn)入國(guó)子監(jiān)的第二門(mén)一太學(xué)門(mén),就是國(guó)子監(jiān)的第二進(jìn)院落,里面有琉璃牌坊,辟雍和彝倫堂。前方就是國(guó)子監(jiān)土門(mén)內(nèi)大型琉璃坊牌坊,它是北京唯一一座專(zhuān)門(mén)為教育而設(shè)立的牌坊。正反兩面橫額均為皇帝御題,是中國(guó)古代崇文重教的象征。位于集賢門(mén)內(nèi),是三間四柱七樓廡殿頂式琉璃牌坊,建于乾隆四十八年(公元1783年),牌坊正面額書(shū)“圓橋教澤”,陰面為“學(xué)海節(jié)觀”,彩畫(huà)華美,是北京唯一不屬于寺院的琉璃牌坊。

  各位游客朋友,現(xiàn)在我們看到的建筑叫辟雍,它是國(guó)子監(jiān)的中心建筑,建于中軸線中心一座圓形水池中央的四方高臺(tái)上,是一座方型重檐攢尖頂?shù)钣。四面開(kāi)門(mén),設(shè)臺(tái)階六級(jí)。辟雍周?chē)h(huán)繞著長(zhǎng)廊,四面架設(shè)精致的小橋橫跨水池,使殿宇與院落相通,這種建筑形制象征著天圓地方。乾隆皇帝之后,每逢新帝即位,都要來(lái)此做一次講學(xué),以示中央政府對(duì)高等教育的重視。

  各位游客朋友,現(xiàn)在大家跟我往后面走,后面就是敬一亭,它位于在彝倫堂之后,是國(guó)子監(jiān)的第三進(jìn)院落,建于明嘉靖七年,設(shè)有祭酒廂房、司業(yè)廂房和七座御制圣諭碑,是國(guó)子監(jiān)祭酒辦公的場(chǎng)所。大家看我手指的方向,在孔廟與國(guó)子監(jiān)之間的夾道內(nèi),有一處由189塊髙大石碑組成的碑林,石碑上篆刻著儒家經(jīng)典。這部石經(jīng)的藍(lán)本是雍正年間的江蘇金壇貢生蔣衡歷時(shí)20xx年手書(shū)而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石經(jīng)共計(jì)63萬(wàn)余字,規(guī)模宏大,楷法工整,內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性和刻制的精美度都優(yōu)于西安的“開(kāi)成石經(jīng)”,而在規(guī)模上也是僅次于西安碑林的全國(guó)第二大碑林。

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇10

  各位游客們,大家好!我叫張小新,是帶領(lǐng)大家參觀孔廟的導(dǎo)游。大家可以叫我張導(dǎo),也可以直接喊我的名字?鬃佑芯名言:“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái),不亦樂(lè)乎。”今天,我有幸為各位擔(dān)任導(dǎo)游,十分高興。我將盡力為大家提供滿(mǎn)意的服務(wù),不足之處,請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正。

  另外,為了避免發(fā)生意外,給大家提幾點(diǎn)要求:一要守時(shí),不要讓大家等你自己;二要注意安全,小心地滑;三要講究衛(wèi)生,愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境;三要注意保護(hù)文物,不要亂涂亂畫(huà)。好,下面就請(qǐng)大家跟我游覽孔廟。

  孔廟是我國(guó)歷代封建王朝祭祀孔子的廟宇,位于曲阜城中央。它是一組具有東方建筑特色、規(guī)模宏大、氣勢(shì)雄偉的古代建筑群。與故宮和避暑山莊并稱(chēng)為中國(guó)三大古建筑群。

  孔廟又名“至圣廟”,這是對(duì)孔子最高的稱(chēng)呼。

  請(qǐng)大家跟我進(jìn)入“圣時(shí)門(mén)”,這是孔廟的正門(mén)。圣時(shí),比喻孔子的思想是適合時(shí)代的。

  大家請(qǐng)看前面三架拱橋,因“壅水環(huán)繞如璧”,故名“璧水橋”。故宮有金水橋,此有璧水橋。

  我們經(jīng)過(guò)弘道門(mén)、大中門(mén)、同文門(mén)就到了奎文閣?拈w是孔廟的主體建筑之一,以藏書(shū)豐富,建筑獨(dú)特而馳名。現(xiàn)在這里是個(gè)小書(shū)店,喜歡讀書(shū)的朋友可以去買(mǎi)書(shū)。現(xiàn)在自由活動(dòng)十分鐘,然后我們?nèi)ゴ蟪傻睢?/p>

  現(xiàn)在我們看到的就是大成殿。大成殿重檐九脊,黃瓦飛甍,雕梁畫(huà)棟,氣勢(shì)雄偉。大成殿四周廊下環(huán)立著28根石雕龍柱。最為引人矚目的是前檐的10根深浮雕龍柱,每柱二龍對(duì)翔,盤(pán)繞升騰,中刻寶珠,雕刻玲瓏剔透,龍姿栩栩如生,無(wú)一雷同,堪稱(chēng)我國(guó)石刻藝術(shù)中的瑰寶,充分顯示了我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民的聰明才智。大成殿內(nèi)金碧輝煌,有大型神龕9座,17座塑像,居中的一座即是孔子。大成殿前露臺(tái)過(guò)去是祭孔時(shí)舞蹈奏樂(lè)的地方。大成殿是孔廟的主殿,和故宮太和殿、岱廟宋天貺殿并稱(chēng)東方三大殿。

  好了,孔廟就參觀到這里,朋友們可以拍照留念,然后去參觀孔府。歡迎朋友們?cè)賮?lái)!再見(jiàn)!

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇11

  嗨,大家好。歡迎大家來(lái)到世界的文化遺產(chǎn)——孔廟。我叫王梓懿,叫我王導(dǎo)就好了。

  大家往這邊看,這就是孔廟?讖R最早是孔子的故居,只有三間房?鬃铀篮髢赡辏敯Ч珜⑵涔示痈臑槊顝R。后來(lái),歷代帝王加謚于孔子,得到了擴(kuò)建。所以,我們現(xiàn)在才能見(jiàn)到這么大的孔廟。其實(shí),在明清時(shí)期,孔廟就已經(jīng)這么大了。

  孔廟共有八個(gè)庭院。前三個(gè)庭院呢就是以松柏為主的院子,大家可以自行游覽。那個(gè)小朋友,別走丟了,等我講完再游覽可以嗎?打斷大家了,不好意思,我繼續(xù)給大家講。

  第四個(gè)庭院是奎文閣,是孔子讀書(shū)、收藏書(shū)的地方,共有兩層,大家是不是看出來(lái)孔子真的很愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)了呢?第四個(gè)庭院大家也可以自行游覽。大家再跟我往前走,后面的人跟上別走散了,這地方可大得很呢,走丟了可就找不著了!

  咱們現(xiàn)在所處的位置是第四個(gè)庭院與第六、七個(gè)庭院之間的第五個(gè)庭院,第五個(gè)庭院是碑亭院,院大家看到了多少個(gè)碑呢?對(duì)了,那個(gè)小朋友回答得很對(duì),就是十三個(gè)碑。那些碑都是歷代帝王為孔子立的碑。金朝和元朝各立了一座碑,其他都是明清時(shí)期的帝王所建的。說(shuō)到這里,有人可能會(huì)問(wèn):為什么這么多帝王都為孔子立碑呢?這個(gè)嘛,有兩個(gè)原因,一是因?yàn)榭鬃訉?duì)自己說(shuō)的“吾十有五而志于學(xué),三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳順,七十而從心所欲,不逾矩。”二是因?yàn)楹枚嗟弁醵颊J(rèn)為給孔子立完碑就能讓后人知道他們這個(gè)朝代非常興盛。第六、七個(gè)庭院是孔廟的主要建筑區(qū)。第八個(gè)庭院是后院,大家可以自行游覽。那兩個(gè)小朋友,不要再打鬧了,這個(gè)解說(shuō)是很重要的,因?yàn)槟銈內(nèi)昙?jí)時(shí)會(huì)學(xué)到一篇關(guān)于孔子的課文喲!

  現(xiàn)在,在我們眼前的大殿就是大成殿了,請(qǐng)大家跟我走進(jìn)大成殿,大人們都領(lǐng)好小孩子,門(mén)檻很高的。我們面前現(xiàn)在有七哲塑像。最中間的就是孔子了,孔子兩側(cè)共有四個(gè)人,他們就是孔子的四個(gè)最得意的四配:復(fù)圣顏回、述圣孔伋、宗圣曾參、亞圣孟軻。其他孔子斜后面的人,就是孔子的十一個(gè)弟子了,有人可能會(huì)問(wèn),除了孔子不是應(yīng)該有十六個(gè)人嗎?那一個(gè)人哪兒去了?是因?yàn)槟鞘鶄(gè)人中有一個(gè)人不是孔子的弟子,他叫朱熹。大家應(yīng)該聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。不過(guò),朱熹能出現(xiàn)在供奉孔子的大殿里,就能看出他的文化地位有多么高了。

  我主要給大家講的人是孔子特別得意的弟子顏回。顏回比孔子要小,但他死的卻比孔子死的早。顏回死后,孔子非常傷心,就寫(xiě)了一章論語(yǔ)來(lái)紀(jì)念他:賢哉,回也!一簞食,一瓢飲,在陋巷,人不堪其憂,回也不改其樂(lè)。賢哉,回也!意思是:顏回,賢德啊,吃的是一小筐飯,喝的是一瓢冷水,住在窮陋的小房中,別人都受不了這種貧苦,顏回卻仍然不改變向道的樂(lè)趣。顏回,賢德啊!是不是大家體會(huì)到了孔子稱(chēng)贊顏回的時(shí)候,對(duì)他作了高度的評(píng)價(jià)呢?可見(jiàn)孔子多么器重顏回啊!好了,今天的講解結(jié)束了。

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇12

  各位游客大家好,今天我要帶大家前去游覽的是北京北二環(huán)邊上的孔廟和國(guó)子監(jiān),大家今天可以一睹這里的風(fēng)采,提前祝大家我的愉快!北京國(guó)子監(jiān)坐落在北京東城區(qū)安定門(mén)內(nèi)國(guó)子監(jiān)街(原名成賢街),與孔廟相鄰。國(guó)子監(jiān)整體建筑坐北朝南,中軸線上分布著集賢門(mén)(大門(mén))、太學(xué)門(mén)(二門(mén))、琉璃牌坊、辟雍、彝倫堂、敬一亭。東西兩側(cè)有四廳六堂,構(gòu)成傳統(tǒng)的對(duì)稱(chēng)格局,是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存唯一一所古代中央公辦大學(xué)建筑。北京孔廟主體建筑都覆以黃色琉璃瓦,是封建社會(huì)的最高建筑規(guī)制。

  (先師門(mén))

  大家跟我走我現(xiàn)在看到的是先師門(mén);又稱(chēng)欞星門(mén)是孔廟的大門(mén),面闊三間,進(jìn)深七檁,單檐歇山頂,基本上保留了元代的建筑風(fēng)格,先師門(mén)兩側(cè)連接廟宇的外圍墻,猶如一座城門(mén)。進(jìn)入先師門(mén),迎面看到的便是大成門(mén)。大成門(mén)創(chuàng)建于元代,清代重修,面闊五間,進(jìn)深九檁,單檐歇山頂。整座建筑坐落在高大的磚石臺(tái)基上,中間的御路石上高浮雕海水龍紋圖樣,五龍戲珠,栩栩如生。大成門(mén)前廊兩側(cè)擺放著10枚石鼓,每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游獵詩(shī)。這是清乾隆時(shí)仿周宣王時(shí)代的石鼓遺物刻制的大家想在這拍拍照吧。

  大家跟緊我我現(xiàn)在到了第一進(jìn)院落是皇帝祭孔前籌備各項(xiàng)事宜的場(chǎng)所,其東側(cè)設(shè)有宰牲亭、井亭、神廚,用于祭孔三牲的宰殺、清洗和烹制。兩側(cè)有神庫(kù)、致齋所用于祭孔禮器的存放和供品的備制。

  第二進(jìn)院落是孔廟的中心院落,每逢祭孔大典,這里便鐘鼓齊鳴,樂(lè)舞升平,儀仗威嚴(yán)。大成殿是第二進(jìn)院落的主體建筑,也是整座孔廟的中心建筑,是孔廟內(nèi)最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年,后毀于戰(zhàn)火,明永樂(lè)九年(公元重建,清光緒三十二年將殿由7間擴(kuò)建為9間。殿內(nèi)金磚鋪地,內(nèi)頂施團(tuán)龍井口天花,其規(guī)制是最高建筑等級(jí),堪與故宮太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位,神位兩邊設(shè)有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案,上設(shè)尊、爵、卣、籩、豆等祭器均為清乾隆時(shí)的御制真品。大殿內(nèi)外高懸清康熙至宣統(tǒng)9位皇帝的御匾,均是皇帝親書(shū)的對(duì)孔子的四字贊語(yǔ),是珍貴的文物。

  孔廟的第三進(jìn)院落最具特色,由崇圣門(mén)、崇圣殿和東西配殿組成獨(dú)立完整的院落,與前二進(jìn)院落分割明顯而又過(guò)渡自然,反映出古人在建筑部局上的巧妙構(gòu)思。這組建筑稱(chēng)為崇圣祠,是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家廟。建于明嘉靖九年,清乾隆二年重修,并將灰瓦頂改為綠琉璃瓦頂。崇圣殿又稱(chēng)五代祠,面闊五間,進(jìn)深七檁,殿前建有寬大的月臺(tái),月臺(tái)三面建有垂帶踏步各十級(jí)。殿內(nèi)供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的顏回、孔伋、曾參、孟軻四位先哲之父的牌位。東西配殿坐落在磚石臺(tái)基上,面闊三間,進(jìn)深五檁,單檐懸山頂,內(nèi)奉程頤、程顥兄弟、張載、蔡沈、周敦頤、朱熹6位先儒之父。

  三進(jìn)院落及其建筑有明確的建筑等級(jí)差別和功能區(qū)域劃分,和諧統(tǒng)一地組成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落,是我國(guó)古代建筑的杰出代表。

  大家休息好了么,下一站是著名的學(xué)府國(guó)子監(jiān),大家跟緊我現(xiàn)在我來(lái)到的是集賢門(mén)是國(guó)子監(jiān)的大門(mén),門(mén)內(nèi)院子?xùn)|西設(shè)有井亭,東側(cè)的持敬門(mén)與孔廟相通。進(jìn)入國(guó)子監(jiān)的第二門(mén)—太學(xué)門(mén),就是國(guó)子監(jiān)的第二進(jìn)院落,里面有琉璃牌坊,辟雍和彝倫堂。

  現(xiàn)在大家跟我我待會(huì)我為大家介紹一下辟雍和彝倫堂,現(xiàn)在跟我慢慢走進(jìn)太學(xué)門(mén),前方就是國(guó)子監(jiān)二門(mén)內(nèi)大型琉璃坊牌坊,它是北京唯一一座專(zhuān)門(mén)為教育而設(shè)立的牌坊。正反兩面橫額均為皇帝御題,是中國(guó)古代崇文重教的象征。位于集賢門(mén)內(nèi),是三間四柱七樓廡殿頂式琉璃牌坊,乾隆四十八年(1783年)。正面額書(shū)“圜橋教澤”,陰面為"學(xué)海節(jié)觀",彩畫(huà)華美,是北京唯一不屬于寺院的琉璃牌坊

  現(xiàn)在我為大家講解國(guó)子監(jiān)的辟雍,它是國(guó)子監(jiān)的中心建筑,建于中軸線中心一座圓形水池中央的四方高臺(tái)上,是一座方型重檐攢尖頂?shù)钣。四面開(kāi)門(mén),設(shè)臺(tái)階六級(jí)。辟雍周?chē)h(huán)繞著長(zhǎng)廊,四面架設(shè)精致的小橋橫跨水池使殿宇與院落相通,這種建筑形制象征著天圓地方。乾隆皇帝之后,每逢新帝即位,都要來(lái)此做一次講學(xué),以示中央政府對(duì)高等教育的重視。

  左邊是六堂,它是位于辟雍左右兩側(cè)的33間房,合稱(chēng)為六堂,分別為:率性堂、誠(chéng)心堂、崇志堂、修道堂、正義堂、廣業(yè)堂,是貢生、監(jiān)生們的教室,F(xiàn)在我問(wèn)看一下右邊的彝倫堂,它位于辟雍大殿以北,元代名為崇文閣,明代永樂(lè)年間予以重建并改名為彝倫堂,早年曾是皇帝講學(xué)之處,興建辟雍之后,則改為監(jiān)內(nèi)的藏書(shū)處。現(xiàn)在大家跟我往后面走,后面就是敬一亭,它位于在彝倫堂之后,是國(guó)子監(jiān)的第三進(jìn)院落。建于明嘉靖七年,設(shè)有祭酒廂房和司業(yè)廂房和七座御制圣諭碑,是國(guó)子監(jiān)祭酒辦公的場(chǎng)所。大家看我手指的方向,在孔廟與國(guó)子監(jiān)之間的夾道內(nèi),有一處由189座高大石碑組成的碑林。石碑上篆刻著儒家經(jīng)典:《周易》、《尚書(shū)》、《詩(shī)經(jīng)》、《周禮》、《儀禮》、《禮記》、《春秋左傳》、《春秋公羊傳》、《春秋谷梁傳》、《論語(yǔ)》、《孝經(jīng)》、《孟子》、《爾雅》。這部石經(jīng)的藍(lán)本是雍正年間的江蘇金壇貢生蔣衡歷時(shí)20xx年手書(shū)而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石經(jīng)共計(jì)63萬(wàn)余字,規(guī)模宏大,楷法工整,內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性和刻制的精美度都優(yōu)于西安的“開(kāi)成石經(jīng)”,而在規(guī)模上也是僅次于西安碑林的全國(guó)第二大碑林。相傳乾隆命和珅、王杰為總裁,彭元瑞、劉墉為副總裁來(lái)考訂經(jīng)稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三經(jīng)核訂蔣衡手書(shū)的經(jīng)稿,并把俗體字均改為古體字,使經(jīng)文更加完善規(guī)范,古意大增,受到乾隆贊賞,被授以太子太保銜。這使和珅嫉恨非凡,權(quán)傾朝野的他命人在一夜之間挖去石碑上全部改過(guò)的古體字。直到和珅垮臺(tái)后,古體字跡才得以重新修復(fù),至今碑面上還有一塊塊挖補(bǔ)的痕跡

  現(xiàn)在我為大家介紹國(guó)子監(jiān)第一任祭酒是元代著名理學(xué)家許衡,當(dāng)時(shí)有學(xué)生200余人。在這里學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生叫“監(jiān)生”,大致有三種來(lái)源:一是從全國(guó)各地秀才中選拔的正途監(jiān)生,到此作進(jìn)一步深造;二是外國(guó)留學(xué)生,大致來(lái)自高麗、逞邏、交趾、俄羅斯等;三是“捐監(jiān)”,掛名監(jiān)生,只要交足銀子,就能領(lǐng)取“監(jiān)照”,算是監(jiān)生。

  好了大家現(xiàn)在隨便轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn),拍拍照,大家拍的怎么樣了我們的旅途快要結(jié)束了,大家盡興么其實(shí)孔廟和國(guó)子監(jiān)有太多的東西希望大家再一次光臨在品味一下這里的文化,謝謝,大家再見(jiàn)!

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇13

  各位嘉賓:

  不知道您讀沒(méi)讀過(guò)<<論語(yǔ)>>,那上面開(kāi)篇有一句話叫“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái),不亦樂(lè)乎”。那么我就以孔子的這句名言,熱烈地歡迎您來(lái)孔子的故鄉(xiāng)曲阜參觀游覽。下面,就由我陪同各位游覽并進(jìn)行導(dǎo)游服務(wù),非常感謝您的合作,并衷心地希望您對(duì)我的工作多提出批評(píng)意見(jiàn)。在來(lái)曲阜之前,許多朋友可能已對(duì)曲阜和孔子有了不少的了解,但也有的朋友知道的并不十分詳細(xì),現(xiàn)在,我就在進(jìn)入景點(diǎn)之前,先把曲阜和孔子的情況簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下。曲阜位于中國(guó)山東省西南部,現(xiàn)有人中62萬(wàn)其中城區(qū)人口10萬(wàn),面積約890平方公里。

  “曲阜”二字始見(jiàn)于<<爾雅>>一書(shū),東漢應(yīng)邵解釋說(shuō):魯城中有阜,委曲長(zhǎng)七八里,故名“曲阜”。宋真宗大中祥符5年,也就是公元1020xx年,為了紀(jì)念中華民族的始祖軒轅黃帝出生在曲阜,曾一度改名“仙源”縣,金太宗天會(huì)7年(公元1120xx年),又復(fù)名曲阜,沿用至今。曲阜是一個(gè)小城,然而,曲阜又是一座有著五千年文明史的文化古城,在這片神圣而又古老的土地上,中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)古傳說(shuō)中的三皇五帝,竟有四人在這里留下了蹤跡。

  據(jù)<<史記>>、<<帝王世紀(jì)>>等史書(shū)記載:“黃帝生于壽丘”,“少昊自窮桑登帝位,稱(chēng)都曲阜,崩葬云陽(yáng)山”,現(xiàn)在曲阜城東8里,仍留下座金字塔式的墳?zāi)?-少昊陵。中國(guó)有句俗話說(shuō)道“人往高處走,水往低處流”,我們是不是可以理解為我們中華民族的祖先從這里,從黃河中下游向中原,向黃土高原遷徙的過(guò)程,而我們的母親之河,黃河、長(zhǎng)江,從黃土高原之上奔騰而下,一瀉千里,最后匯入大海呢!中國(guó)還有句古話叫“江南出才子,江北出圣人”,實(shí)際上,江北的圣人幾乎全出自曲阜。在中國(guó)封建時(shí)代,受到皇帝賜封的圣人一共有6位,他們分別為至圣孔子、亞圣孟子、復(fù)圣顏?zhàn)印⑹鍪プ铀、宗圣曾子、元圣周公,頭4位都出生在曲阜,后兩位一位是孔子的弟子,一位是封地在曲阜,周公的后世33代曾在魯國(guó)為國(guó)君,至今山東稱(chēng)魯,即起于此,F(xiàn)在曲阜地上地下文物眾多,文化燦爛,有國(guó)家級(jí)文物古跡4處,省級(jí)11處,市級(jí)100余處。1982年曲阜被國(guó)務(wù)院公布為全國(guó)首批24個(gè)歷史文化名城之一,1994年曲阜“三孔”被聯(lián)合國(guó)正式列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。由于曲阜對(duì)東方文化的重要貢獻(xiàn),不少人稱(chēng)曲阜為世界三大圣城之一:“東方的麥加”。

  在這里,您不得不沉思,也不能不感奮,因?yàn)檫@里深扎著中華民族的根,深扎著中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的根。各位朋友,在中國(guó),在東方這片有著五千年文明歷史的土地上,你也許讀不懂青銅器上的銘文,也許不理解人頭獸身表現(xiàn)什么,象征什么。但是,當(dāng)你走進(jìn)中國(guó)人民的生活,行走在中華民族繁衍生息、勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造的古老土地上,你就能感受到、接觸到中國(guó)人民在日常生活中流露出來(lái)的儒家文化的氣息,你便能由此體驗(yàn)到中國(guó)人民與其他民族迥然不同的生活方式、風(fēng)土人情和理想道德的差異。無(wú)論你從哪個(gè)角度,哪個(gè)層次去探究中華民族的個(gè)性與品格,都不難發(fā)現(xiàn)儒家文化的基因,在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史演進(jìn)過(guò)程中,儒家文化幾乎成了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的代名詞。

  而儒家文化的創(chuàng)始人,就是孔子?鬃樱呵飼r(shí)代魯國(guó)人,也就是曲阜人,名丘,字仲尼,生于公元前551年,死于公元前479年,享年73歲。孔子3歲時(shí),父親叔梁紇去世,16歲時(shí),母親顏征在去世,少年孔子成了孤兒,開(kāi)始了他在等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的封建社會(huì)中獨(dú)自謀生、學(xué)習(xí)和奮斗的一生?鬃由倌臧l(fā)奮自學(xué),勤而好問(wèn),青年時(shí)代便掌握了參與貴族政治必須熟悉的禮、樂(lè)、射、御、書(shū)、數(shù)六藝,進(jìn)而掌握了<<詩(shī)>>、<<書(shū)>>、<<禮>>、<<樂(lè)>>、<<易>>、<<春秋>>六經(jīng)的內(nèi)容,為創(chuàng)立儒家文化奠定了基礎(chǔ)。孔子30歲設(shè)學(xué)授徒,開(kāi)始了漫長(zhǎng)的教育生涯,他首開(kāi)中國(guó)私人講學(xué)、面向民眾,提倡“有教無(wú)類(lèi)”之風(fēng),成為中國(guó)第一位,也是世界上第一位偉大的教育家?鬃51歲時(shí),才做了中都縣令,后來(lái)曾在魯攝相事,然而時(shí)間不長(zhǎng),他便辭了官,離開(kāi)魯國(guó)開(kāi)始了他長(zhǎng)達(dá)20xx年的周游列國(guó)之行。

  孔子在68歲時(shí)回到魯國(guó),他把幾乎全部精力放在了教學(xué)和文獻(xiàn)整理上,一直到死?鬃拥囊簧穷嵟媪麟x,飽經(jīng)憂患的一生,是艱苦卓絕、激勵(lì)奮發(fā)的一生,是春風(fēng)化雨,培育英才的一生,是著書(shū)立說(shuō),濟(jì)時(shí)救世的一生。如今,他的軀體雖已灰飛煙滅,但他的思想,卻潛入每個(gè)東方人的心靈,他熔鑄了中華民族的個(gè)性和品格,隨著歷史的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,孔子還將引導(dǎo)著人類(lèi),跨向21世紀(jì)。曲阜的文物古跡和旅游景點(diǎn)很多,大部分與孔子和孔子文化有關(guān),F(xiàn)在我們所在的位置是曲阜明故城的正南門(mén)外,城門(mén)的北面是被稱(chēng)為中國(guó)三大古建筑群之一的孔廟。城門(mén)的正上方有“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”4個(gè)大字。“仞”是古代的長(zhǎng)度單位,一仞約等于8尺。據(jù)說(shuō),有人稱(chēng)贊孔子的弟子子貢很有學(xué)問(wèn),子貢聽(tīng)說(shuō)以后,就說(shuō):“人的學(xué)問(wèn)好比宮墻,我的學(xué)問(wèn)只有墻頭這么高,人們一看便會(huì)看見(jiàn)墻內(nèi)的一切,而我的老師孔子的這道墻有數(shù)仞,不找到它的門(mén)是不能看到墻內(nèi)宗廟之美麗、房舍的多種多樣”。后人為表達(dá)對(duì)孔子的敬仰,明代胡纘宗就寫(xiě)了“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”4個(gè)字鑲在城門(mén)上,清代乾隆皇帝為了顯示自己對(duì)孔子的崇拜,又把胡碑取下,換上了自己寫(xiě)的“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”4個(gè)大字。這就是“萬(wàn)仞宮墻”的來(lái)歷。

  孔廟第一道門(mén)叫“欞星門(mén)”。“欞星”又名天田星,古人祭天,先要祭欞星。“欞星門(mén)”三個(gè)字為乾隆所書(shū)。“太和元?dú)?rdquo;坊同“金聲玉振”坊差不多,題字為明代山東巡撫曾銑手書(shū),贊頌孔子思想如同天地生育萬(wàn)物。此院東西各有一座腰門(mén),東邊上書(shū)“德侔天地一樣大,他的學(xué)說(shuō)古今來(lái)說(shuō)都是最好的”。這座門(mén)叫“圣時(shí)門(mén)”,由此住里,有博大精深、深不可測(cè)之感。“圣時(shí)”二字,取<<孟子.萬(wàn)章下>>,“孔子,圣之時(shí)者也”句,意思是說(shuō),在圣人之中,孔子是最適合時(shí)代者。過(guò)圣時(shí)門(mén)迎面小石橋,叫“璧水橋”,橋兩側(cè)偏南各有一座門(mén),東門(mén)叫“快睹門(mén)”,是先睹為快的意思,西門(mén)叫“仰高門(mén)”贊頌孔子的學(xué)問(wèn)十分高深。我們進(jìn)入的大門(mén),稱(chēng)“弘道門(mén)”,這三個(gè)字取自<<論語(yǔ).衛(wèi)星公>>“人能弘道”的句子,以此來(lái)贊頌孔子闡發(fā)了堯舜湯和文武周公之“道”。這道門(mén)也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)時(shí)孔廟的大門(mén)。

  再往后是“大中門(mén)”,大中門(mén)是宋朝時(shí)期孔廟的大門(mén),原名叫“宮和門(mén)”,字的意思與孔子中庸之道的主張有關(guān),由此門(mén)向南望去,一方面可以看到孔廟的歷史沿革,一方面也可以看到孔廟的不斷擴(kuò)大,這些建筑既有清代建筑,也有明代建筑,還有宋代建筑,它們建的時(shí)代不同,工匠不同,但都互相配合,相得益彰,構(gòu)成一體。看孔廟建筑,同時(shí)可以看到一部分中國(guó)封建社會(huì)的發(fā)展史。這塊碑立于明成化四年(1468年),因此也叫“成化碑”,它為明憲宗朱見(jiàn)深所立,碑高6米,寬2米多。這塊碑的特點(diǎn)是書(shū)法精湛,著稱(chēng)于世,并且碑文用論辯形式寫(xiě)成,在極力推崇孔子方面,可以說(shuō)是之最。大家請(qǐng)看右上角,那上面寫(xiě)道:“聯(lián)惟孔子之道,有天下者一日不可無(wú)焉”,又說(shuō):“孔子之道在天下,如布帛粟菽,民生日用不可暫缺”。這碑下面的動(dòng)物不是烏龜,叫赑屭,是龍的兒子,特別能負(fù)重,所以用來(lái)馱碑,有句話講“龍生九子不成龍”,在孔廟內(nèi),龍和龍的9個(gè)兒子,你都可以看到,當(dāng)?shù)氐睦习傩粘?lái)這里撫摸這赑屭,他們說(shuō):“摸摸赑屭的頭,一輩子不犯愁,摸摸赑屭的腚,一輩子不生病”。我們面前的這座木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑名叫“奎文閣”,原是孔廟的藏書(shū)樓。“奎星”為二十八星宿之一,有星十六顆,“屈曲相鉤,似文字之畫(huà)”,后來(lái)人們把它演化為文官之首,封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星,所以孔子又稱(chēng)“歷代文官主”。

  這座樓閣高23.35米,闊30.1米,深17.62米,三重飛檐,四層斗拱,構(gòu)造堅(jiān)固而且合理,康熙年間曲阜曾有過(guò)一次大地震,“人間房屋傾者九,存者一”,而奎文閣卻傲然屹立,安然無(wú)恙,由此可見(jiàn)我國(guó)古代勞動(dòng)人民的聰明智慧和高超的建筑藝術(shù)。我們現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入孔廟的第六進(jìn)院落,展現(xiàn)在大家面前的是13座碑亭,南邊8座,北邊5座。亭內(nèi)保存著唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢,碑文多為皇帝對(duì)孔子的追謚加封、拜廟親祭、整修廟宇的紀(jì)錄,用漢文、八思巴文、滿(mǎn)文等刻成。此排中間的這座碑,重約65噸,采自北京的西山,在當(dāng)時(shí),將如此重量的石碑從千里之外,跋山涉水,運(yùn)至曲阜,不能不說(shuō)是一個(gè)奇跡。

  此院東、西各有一門(mén),是孔廟第三道腰門(mén),為“東華門(mén)、西華門(mén)”。我們現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入大成門(mén),“大成門(mén)”是指今天下之大成,這一排共有5門(mén)并列,最西邊為啟圣門(mén),是供奉孔子父母的地方,中路大成門(mén),又有“金聲門(mén)、玉振門(mén)”相佐,中路為孔廟最中心的地方,東為承圣門(mén),原為孔子故居。大家知道,孔子是偉大的思想家,教育家、政治家,我們認(rèn)為,孔子首先是個(gè)教育家,他是中國(guó)第一位老師,封建皇帝封他為“至圣先師”“萬(wàn)世師表”,應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō),他是全人類(lèi)的老師,是名符其實(shí)的“人類(lèi)靈魂工程師”。

  我們面前的“杏壇”,相傳是當(dāng)年孔子設(shè)壇講學(xué)的地方,金代建亭作以紀(jì)念,著名文人黨懷英書(shū)“杏壇”二字。壇側(cè)有棵杏樹(shù),為后人所栽,每當(dāng)初春時(shí)節(jié),紅花綻開(kāi),綠葉搖曳。所以乾隆皇帝來(lái)朝拜時(shí),曾賦詩(shī)贊之,詩(shī)曰:重來(lái)又值秈開(kāi)時(shí),幾樹(shù)東風(fēng)簇絳枝,豈是人間凡卉比,文明終古共春熙。矗立在我們面前的大殿就是名揚(yáng)天下的“大成殿”,它是中國(guó)的“三大殿”之一,與北京故宮的“太和殿”,泰山岱廟的“天貺殿”齊名,其雄偉壯麗有過(guò)之而無(wú)不及。殿高24.8米,闊45.78米,深24.8米,雕梁畫(huà)棟,金壁輝煌,特別是周?chē)?8根石柱,為世界文化瑰寶,均以整石雕刻而成,前面10根為深浮雕,每柱二龍戲珠,盤(pán)繞升騰,栩栩如生,刀法剛勁有力,各具變化。

  過(guò)去皇帝來(lái)了,都是將此柱用黃布圍裹。他們?nèi)艨匆?jiàn)恐怕也會(huì)自慚不如。兩側(cè)及后廊的龍柱為淺浮雕,每柱72條龍,總共1296條。大成殿內(nèi)供奉著孔子塑像,兩側(cè)為四配,東西是復(fù)圣顏回、述圣孔及,西面是宗圣曾參和亞圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日,我們都在這里舉行盛大的國(guó)際孔子文化節(jié)和孔子誕辰紀(jì)念儀式,表演大型祭孔樂(lè)舞和“簫韶樂(lè)舞”,舉行豐富多彩的文化、旅游活動(dòng),歡迎各位到時(shí)光臨。大成殿兩側(cè)的綠瓦長(zhǎng)廊叫兩半島,共有80間房屋,是后世供奉先賢先儒的地方,在唐朝受供奉的只有20余人,到了民國(guó)多達(dá)156人,這些配享原為畫(huà)像,金時(shí)改為塑像,明代改為木制牌位,文革期間被拆掉,F(xiàn)在兩廊中主要存放漢畫(huà)像石刻和著名古碑。

  最珍貴的是漢魏六朝石刻22塊,如“五鳳”“禮器”“乙瑛”“孔廟”“史晨”“張猛龍”碑等,都為國(guó)家級(jí)石碑,被視為書(shū)法藝術(shù)的極品,價(jià)值連城的瑰寶。最北面的兩廡中,珍藏著584塊石碑,叫“玉虹樓”法貼,是孔子68代孫孔繼涑收集了歷代著名書(shū)法家的手跡慕刻而成,具有極高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。寢殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的專(zhuān)祠。圣跡殿是明萬(wàn)歷年間,根據(jù)司馬遷<<史記.孔子世家>>編繪刻石的連環(huán)畫(huà),共有120幅。這是我國(guó)第一部有完整人物故事的連環(huán)畫(huà)。我們現(xiàn)在的位置是孔廟東路,這里當(dāng)年為孔子故宅,這口水井為“孔子故宅井”,是當(dāng)年孔子飲水之井,后人稱(chēng)為“圣水”。亭內(nèi)的碑有乾隆“飲水拜師”和“故宅井贊”,乾隆8次來(lái)曲阜,竟有他5次題字。

  后面這座紅色墻壁叫“魯壁”,在秦始皇焚書(shū)坑儒時(shí),孔子9世孫孔鮒把<<論語(yǔ)>>等經(jīng)典藏在此壁內(nèi),墻壁倒塌后被人發(fā)現(xiàn),孔子經(jīng)典方才留傳于世。這座殿堂叫“詩(shī)禮堂”,是當(dāng)年孔子教兒子學(xué)詩(shī)學(xué)禮的地方,堂前有兩棵宋代銀杏樹(shù),當(dāng)初孔府曾用這棵樹(shù)的果實(shí)做菜,名叫“詩(shī)禮銀杏”大家在品嘗孔府菜時(shí),千萬(wàn)不要忘了點(diǎn)這道菜,因?yàn)榇瞬说某鎏幘驮谶@個(gè)地方?讖R是一個(gè)巨大的文化博物館,我們匆匆看一次,只可窺見(jiàn)一斑。不能觀其全貌,尤其是不能會(huì)其神韻,那就留待各位以后再來(lái)時(shí)細(xì)細(xì)品味吧。下面我們參觀孔府。孔府即“衍圣公府”,也是世界文化遺產(chǎn)之一,全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位?赘箝T(mén)與孔廟僅一墻之隔?赘舱嫉240畝,有廳、堂、樓、房463間,在路布局,九進(jìn)院落,東路為“東學(xué)”,西路為“西學(xué)”供游人游覽的主要是中路。

北京孔廟英文導(dǎo)游詞 篇14

  各位女士、先生、小朋友,大家好!我叫張玉新,是帶領(lǐng)大家參觀孔廟的導(dǎo)游。大家可以叫我張導(dǎo),也可以直接喊我的名字?鬃佑芯涿裕“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái),不亦樂(lè)乎。”今天,我有幸為各位擔(dān)任導(dǎo)游,十分高興。我將盡力為大家提供滿(mǎn)意的服務(wù),不足之處,請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正。另外,為了避免發(fā)生意外,給大家提幾點(diǎn)要求:一要守時(shí),不要讓大家等你自己;二要注意安全,小心地滑;三要講究衛(wèi)生,愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境;三要注意保護(hù)文物,不要亂涂亂畫(huà)。好,下面就請(qǐng)大家跟我游覽孔廟。

  孔廟是我國(guó)歷代封建王朝祭祀孔子的廟宇,位于曲阜城中央。它是一組具有東方建筑特色、規(guī)模宏大、氣勢(shì)雄偉的古代建筑群。與故宮和避暑山莊并稱(chēng)為中國(guó)三大古建筑群。

  孔廟又名“至圣廟”,這是對(duì)孔子最高的稱(chēng)呼。

  請(qǐng)大家跟我進(jìn)入“圣時(shí)門(mén)”,這是孔廟的正門(mén)。圣時(shí),比喻孔子的思想是適合時(shí)代的。

  大家請(qǐng)看前面三架拱橋,因“壅水環(huán)繞如璧”,故名“璧水橋”。故宮有金水橋,此有璧水橋。

  我們經(jīng)過(guò)弘道門(mén)、大中門(mén)、同文門(mén)就到了奎文閣?拈w是孔廟的主體建筑之一,以藏書(shū)豐富,建筑獨(dú)特而馳名,F(xiàn)在這里是個(gè)小書(shū)店,喜歡讀書(shū)的朋友可以去買(mǎi)書(shū),F(xiàn)在自由活動(dòng)十分鐘,然后我們?nèi)ゴ蟪傻睢?/p>

  現(xiàn)在我們看到的就是大成殿。大成殿重檐九脊,黃瓦飛甍,雕梁畫(huà)棟,氣勢(shì)雄偉。大成殿四周廊下環(huán)立著28根石雕龍柱。最為引人矚目的是前檐的10根深浮雕龍柱,每柱二龍對(duì)翔,盤(pán)繞升騰,中刻寶珠,雕刻玲瓏剔透,龍姿栩栩如生,無(wú)一雷同,堪稱(chēng)我國(guó)石刻藝術(shù)中的瑰寶,充分顯示了我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民的聰明才智。大成殿內(nèi)金碧輝煌,有大型神龕9座,17座塑像,居中的一座即是孔子。大成殿前露臺(tái)過(guò)去是祭孔時(shí)舞蹈奏樂(lè)的地方。大成殿是孔廟的主殿,和故宮太和殿、岱廟宋天貺殿并稱(chēng)東方三大殿。

  好了,孔廟就參觀到這里,朋友們可以拍照留念,然后去參觀孔府。歡迎朋友們?cè)賮?lái)!再見(jiàn)!

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