1、make...from, make...of, make...into, make up
make...from為“用...原料制成”，介詞的賓語是原材料，用from表示從制成品上看不出原來的制作材料。例如：they make wine from grapes. 他們用葡萄為原料制成葡萄酒。this cake is made from corn. 這個蛋糕是以玉米為原料制成的。
make...of為“用...材料制成”，介詞的賓語是某種材料，用of表示從制成品上可以看出原來的材料。例如：nearly everything inside the room is made of bamboo. 屋子里的東西幾乎都是用竹子制成的。this big box is made of wood. 這個大盒子是由木頭制成的。
make...into為“把...做成”，動詞的賓語是某種原料和材料，介詞into的賓語是制成品。例如：they make milk into butter and cheese. 他們把牛奶制成白脫和奶酪。can you make this material into a skirt?你能把這布料制成一件襯衫嗎？
比較make...into與make...from, make...of的區(qū)別：flour is made from wheat. 面粉是小麥制成的。wheat can be made into flour. 小麥可制成面粉。bottles are made of glass. 瓶子是用玻璃制成的。glass can be made into bottles. 玻璃可制成瓶子。
make up為“構(gòu)成，組成”，主語為構(gòu)成一個整體的各個個體，賓語是一個集合體。此結(jié)構(gòu)用于被動語態(tài)時，需加介詞of，構(gòu)成be made up of短語。例如：ten doctors make up a visiting team. 十位醫(yī)生組成了一支訪問團。a car is made up of many different parts. 一輛汽車是由許多不同的零件組成的。life is made up of both sweetness and sorrow. 生活中既有甘，又有苦�！�
2、main, chief, major這三個詞都有“重要的”之意。
main：“主要的”，只用于物，強調(diào)事物的某一部分、分支的重要性，大小及潛力優(yōu)于其他部分、分支，或表示該部分在整個事物中占有顯赫的地位。this article has in the main preserved the fairness of news reporting.該文章大體上保留了新聞報道所用的不偏不倚的風(fēng)格。his main reason for going to the library was to look up the book he spoke of yesterday.他到圖書館去的主要原因是去找他昨天談到的那本書。
major：“重大的，主要的”，指在規(guī)模，數(shù)量，重要性方面超出同類的其他事物。john has also played a major part in the improvement of the paper.約翰在改進這份報紙的工作中也起了較大的作用。it was not until late afternoon that he began to tackle the major problem.直到傍晚，他才開始處理重大問題。
chief: "主要的,首要的"，強調(diào)在順序,等級,重要性,價值方面高于其他所有同類事物,用于人時指 "地位最高",用于物，意為 "最重要的"。the chief engineer is the most important of a group of engineers in a job. he is highest in rank and probably in pay.總工程師是參加一項工作的一組工程師中首要的一個，他的級別是最高的，薪水也可能是最高的。the chief reason for the great changes in the cultural field is the development of economy.經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是文化領(lǐng)域內(nèi)發(fā)生巨大變化的主要原因。
3、material, matter, substance這三個詞組都可作“物質(zhì)，材料”講。
material：“物質(zhì)，物資，材料”，一般指具物理成份，構(gòu)成某具體物體的物質(zhì)，尤指人造物品的制作材料；有時則引申為現(xiàn)實觀念或現(xiàn)實的根據(jù)或基礎(chǔ)。如：raw material原材料，指能夠進一步加工的物質(zhì)，也指可以被進一步利用的事件，觀念等，例如用作文學(xué)素材。with the development of industry, the consumption of raw material by industry has been rising surprisingly.隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，工業(yè)所消耗的原材料增長驚人。they discovered that they could weave the wool into the material, which can be made into warm coats and suits.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)可以把羊毛紡成衣料，再把衣料制成暖和的外套和西裝。
matter：“物質(zhì)，內(nèi)容”，基本上指某種實體或構(gòu)成所有客觀事物的“物質(zhì)”，與精神相對；也指與形式相對的“內(nèi)容”。常用短語：a matter of course 理所當(dāng)然的事, matter-of-fact 講求實際的。the matter in your composition is quite good, but the writing is not lucid enough.你的作文內(nèi)容很好，但文字不夠清楚。we know nothing about force or energy, nor of any physical phenomenon, except through the agency of matter. 要是不通過物質(zhì)這個媒介，我們對力或能會一無所知，更不會了解任何物理現(xiàn)象。
substance：“物質(zhì)，東西"，常指具有某種物理或化學(xué)性質(zhì)的特殊物質(zhì)，或指構(gòu)成某物，并賦予某種特性的物質(zhì)；還可指 “重要的”或“實際性的”內(nèi)容。常用短語：a question of substance 實質(zhì)性問題；have substance 有道理，有根據(jù)，有內(nèi)容。the function of the root of a plant is to fix the plant in its place and to take in water and food substance present in the earth.植物根的功能是將植物固定在所處的位置，并從土壤中吸收水及營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。a good chemical laboratory is equipped with precision instruments and supplies of many chemical substances. 一個好的化學(xué)實驗室應(yīng)配有精密儀器，并有充足的各種化學(xué)物質(zhì)供應(yīng)。
4、maybe, possibly, perhaps, probably這四個詞都可表示“可能性”。
maybe：“可能，也許”，比其余的幾個詞更為隨便和不正式，可能性不大，也可以表示一種非常委婉,禮貌的建議或要求。如：you could put it over there, maybe. 也許你可以把它擱在那邊。he didn't feel quite right; maybe he got sunstroke. 他覺得不太好；也許是有點中暑。the doctor thinks maybe we'd better have a minor operation. 醫(yī)生認為也許我們最好做個小手術(shù)。
possibly：“可能地，或者，也許"，可能性較大。用于否定句和疑問句時表示 "無論如何"之意。she expressed regret for any inconvenience which might possibly be caused.她為任何可能造成的不便而深表歉意。i couldn't possibly have finished typing such a long document in such a limited period of time. 無論如何，我也不可能在如此有限的時間內(nèi)打完這么長的文件。
perhaps：“可能”，較為常用也較為正式的詞，可能性也不十分大。它可以表示建議或要求，也可以表示以禮貌的方式下命令。i thought perhaps it was the letter you had been expecting. 我想這大概是你一直盼望的那封信。perhaps you will kindly give us a hand when we are in trouble. 當(dāng)我們陷入困境時，也許你會善意地幫我們一把。
probably：“很可能，大概”，可能性在這一組詞中最大，表示一種幾乎完全肯定的意思。he is the only witness of the accident; he can probably give us some detailed information about it. 他是這次事故唯一的目擊者，他大概可以告訴我們一些詳細情況。there is probably some kind of living matter on some other worlds, but we do not know yet. 很可能在其他的世界存在著另類的生物，只是我們尚不知道�！�
5、mean, intend, propose這組詞都有“打算，有心做某事”之意。mean：“打算，想象，有...意圖”，不如intend正式，強調(diào)心里想做的意思，但不強調(diào)決心。短語: mean...for 準備讓...做...everyone believed that it would be a very suitable match because john and julia were obviously meant for each other. 每個人都認為他們的結(jié)合會很般配，因為約翰和朱利亞顯然天生一對。he shouldn't have done it, of course, but he was thoughtless. and he meant to pay the money back. 當(dāng)然，他本來不該那么做，但他考慮不周到，再說他是打算還錢的。
propose：“打算，建議”，指宣布或明確確定某人的意圖，含有公開宣稱或清楚解釋這一意圖之意�？山用~，動名詞，不定式及從句。while summarizing the year's work, the managing director of the company proposed a greater project for the next year. 公司的總經(jīng)理總結(jié)了一年的工作，提出了下半年度更大的工程計劃。generally speaking, what's reached in the end may be better or worse than what was proposed. 一般說來，最終所達到的效果總的要比計劃的好或差。
6、much, quite, so, very這四個詞都表示“十分，非�！敝狻�
much：“非常，十分，頗”，程度副詞，多修飾動詞，副詞，過去分詞，偶爾修飾個別形容詞。修飾動詞時，通常以very much, too much, so much等形式出現(xiàn)。i feel so much better today that i would like so much to go out. 我今天覺得好多了，所以，非常想到外邊去。the distance from here to the town is much the same by either of the two roads. 從這里到鎮(zhèn)上有兩條路，無論是走哪一條，路程都相同。
quite：“十分，相當(dāng)，非�！�，程度副詞，相當(dāng)于completely, perfectly, rather等意思，在不正式的場合可代替very,可以修飾動詞，副詞，分詞，形容詞及介詞短語。he has quite recovered from his illness and is now able to return to his post. 他已完全恢復(fù)健康，可以重返工作崗位了。the first step will need quite a long time and cannot be accomplished overnight. 第一步所需的時間相當(dāng)長，決不是一朝一夕就能完成的。
so：“非常，十分，極，很，如此地”，表示程度較高，常用于口語中，有時以very替換，但在so組成的結(jié)構(gòu)中則不能用very。常用短語：so that 如此...以至于；so beautiful a child/ such a beautiful child 如此漂亮的孩子。so absorbed was he in his work that his wife would not dare to make a sound. 他全神貫注地工作，以致他妻子不敢作聲。all this was so sudden and unexpected that nobody quite realized what had happened. 這一切來得那樣突然，以至沒有人曉得究竟發(fā)生了什么事情。
very：“很，十分，非常”，語氣比quite強，可用于正式場合，通常修飾副詞，形容詞和純粹用作形容詞的過去分詞，以及形容詞的最高級以加強語氣，不能直接修飾動詞。they did their very best to increase quantity and variety of their products. 他們盡了最大的努力來增加產(chǎn)品數(shù)量和品種。whatever you may have heard about me from poets, i am really not a very romantic character. 不管你從詩人那里聽到關(guān)于我的什么情況，我實際上不是十足的浪漫派。
7、mark, sign, signal, symbol這組詞都有“標記，標志”之意。
mark：“標志，標記"，含義廣泛，指事物留下的深刻印跡或某物上用于辨別該物品的附屬物，比sign更側(cè)重于區(qū)別性或揭示性的標志，有時不一定十分直觀或明顯。one mark of a writer's greatness is that different minds can get a different inspiration from his works. 一個偉大作家的標志之一是不同的人都能從他那里得到不同的靈感。the lighthouse on the top of the hill serves as a mark for fliers. 山頂上的燈塔成了飛行員（識別地形）的標志。
sign：“記號，標記”，用法最廣，可指符號（裝置），也可指情緒，性格的直觀顯示，還指具體的用于識別或指示的標志，如指標牌，卡片等。借喻時講作“征兆，跡象”。如：sir, you are not to walk your pet on the lawn. don't you see the sign: "keep off the grass"?先生，你不可以在草坪上溜狗，你沒瞧見牌子上寫著“請勿踐踏草坪”嗎？in the british army, crown, stars and stripes are signs of military rank. 在英國軍隊里，王冠，星星和條形徽是軍階的標志。
signal：“信號”，常指約定俗成，用于傳達某些信息的信號，也指燈光，聲音或信號標志。a red light is a signal of danger, which is even known to a five-year-old child. 紅燈是危險的信號，這一點就連五歲的孩子都知道。the sportsmen are all ready, waiting for the signal to start running. 運動員們都作好了準備，等待著起跑的信號。
symbol：“象征，符號”，指被人們選出的物體或圖案，用來代表另一事物，并作為該事物的標記或象征。symbol is a sign, figure or physical object, the meaning of which is established by convention. 常用的表義符號是由按常規(guī)規(guī)定其意義的符號，圖案或?qū)嵨飯D像構(gòu)成的。in the picture the tree is the symbol of life and the snake the symbol of evil. 在這幅畫中，樹是生命的象征，蛇是邪惡的象征�！�
8、made up of, made of, made from這三個詞組都同be動詞連用。
made up of 含有“由...（成分）組成”的意思，即表示某物或組織由一個個成分或成員組成，of后通常接可數(shù)名詞。例如：the committee is made up of seven members. 委員會由七名委員組成。the third world is made up of the developing countries. 第三世界是由發(fā)展中國家組成。
made of和made from都有“由...（原材料）制成”的含義。但前者表示某一物品由某種原材料制成后，原料已看不出來。例如：concrete is made of cement, sand, stone and water. 混凝土是由水泥，砂子，石頭和水混合而成。nylon is made from air, coal and water. 尼龍是由空氣，煤和水加工制成�！�
9、make the best of, get the best of
make the best of是指“充分利用時間，機會，場合，資源”等意思，其后接此類名詞或短語。例如：you should make the best of this valuable opportunity. 你應(yīng)該盡量利用這個寶貴的機會。we must make the best we can of the few natural resources we have. 我們一定要盡可能地充分利用我們所擁有的少量自然資源。
get the best of 亦可解作get the better of，其中的動詞get亦可用have替代。它主要指主體與賓語在進行爭斗或交鋒中，“勝過，占優(yōu)勢，占上風(fēng)”的含義。個別場合下，它還有“從...中得到最大的好處”的含義。例如：they were pretty evenly matched, but martin got the best of him by a clever trick. 他們勢均力敵，但馬丁以智取勝。our team got the best of the visitors in the last quarter. 我隊在最后四分之一比賽中戰(zhàn)勝了客隊。with his indomitable spirit he got the best of his disease. 他以堅強不屈的意志戰(zhàn)勝了疾病�！�
10、man, mankind這對詞都表示“人類”的意思，但用法有所區(qū)別。
man一般以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)（現(xiàn)在也有人以復(fù)數(shù)men表示“人類”），其前不能置任何限定詞，其相應(yīng)的代詞應(yīng)是he, him, his, himself。例如：the changes between the states have been used by man to work for him since ancient times. 自古以來，人類就利用這兩種狀態(tài)的變化為自己服務(wù)。engels pointed out a hundred years ago that labour created man himself. 恩格斯一百多年以前就指出，勞動創(chuàng)造了人類本身。
mankind前也不可加任何限定詞，但可用形容詞修飾。它是集合名詞，可作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)使用。作單數(shù)概念時，謂語要用單數(shù)，其相應(yīng)的代詞一般為it, its, itself(也有人用he ,him, his, himself);作復(fù)數(shù)概念時，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)，其相應(yīng)的代詞是they, them, their, themselves。例如：mankind is much cleverer than it was one thousand years ago. 人類比一千年前是聰明多了。all progressive mankind love peace. 所有進步人類都熱愛和平。that is one small step for a man, but one giant leap for mankind. 對于個人來說那是小小的一步，但對于整個人類來說卻是一次巨大的飛越。
請注意：human being也可表示“人類”，它是可數(shù)名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。其意義比較具體，它一般用來區(qū)別人以外的事物，特別是動物或者是“神”，“鬼”之類。例如：without its light and warmth there would be neither plants nor animals nor human beings. 沒有光和熱，就不可能有植物，動物，也不可能有人類。although the negroes were human beings just like the whites, they were not treated as humanbeing. 盡管黑人和白人一樣都是屬于人類，但是他們并沒有被當(dāng)作人對待�！�
11、manage, try
manage為“設(shè)法做到”，指花費精力設(shè)法使某事終于做成功，相當(dāng)于succeed in doing sth.。try為“試圖，努力，嘗試”，指花費精力去做某事，含有成功可能性雖然大，但仍有可能不成功意思。比較下列句子：he managed to finish his work in time. 他設(shè)法及時完成了他的工作。he tried to finish his work in time. 他試圖去及時完成他的工作。
manage后常接名詞或不定式作賓語。如：without her i couldn't have managed all these things. 如果沒有她，我不可能做成所有這些事。i don't see how i could possibly manage to do it. 我覺得我不太可能把這事做成。
try后常接名詞不定式或動詞不定式作賓語，它后接不定式時表示“努力做某事”，后接動名詞時表示“試著做某事”。如：he tried to say something but he was too weak to say a word. 他努力地想說些什么，但是他太虛弱了，一個字也說不出。we shall try using another method. 我們應(yīng)試著用另一種方法�！�
12、many more, much more這兩者可指“更多”。
many more后接一個名詞一定是個復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。若不接名詞，則more本身就被看作是一個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。如：some students are against the plan, but many more support it. 一些同學(xué)反對這項計劃，但是有更多人支持它。we have many more left. 我們還剩下很多。
much more后接一個名詞，這個名詞一定是個不可數(shù)名詞。若不接名詞，則more本身就被看作是一個不可數(shù)名詞。如：the farmers have produced much more rice. 這些農(nóng)夫收了更多的稻谷。she has much more to do. 她還有很多事要去做。
many more不可能修飾形容詞和副詞，而much more和far more, even more, still more 等一樣，可以修飾形容詞和副詞，表示“更加”。如：this tv set is much more expensive. 這臺電視機要貴得多。he worked much more carefully on the new design. 在這項新的設(shè)計上，他工作努力得多了。
13、many, the many, many a, a good many
many單獨使用，用作形容詞和代詞，分別在句中作主語（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)），賓語，定語（后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞），但不能用作表語。例如：many of us have joined the party. 我們中許多人已入了黨。the policy of the cities growing their own vegetables has many advantages. 城市種菜，自給自足的政策有許多優(yōu)點。i have a few, but not many. 我有一些，但不多。
the many起名詞的作用，在句中作主語和賓語。作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，其意為“多數(shù)人或物”。例如：in the capitalist society the many are oppressed by the few. 在資本主義社會里，多數(shù)人受少數(shù)人壓迫。sometimes the few can defeat the many. 有時侯少數(shù)能勝多數(shù)。
many a用作定語，雖然它作“許多，很多”解，但其后所修飾的名詞和與之有關(guān)的動詞必須用單數(shù)形式。例如：many a man comes or goes. 一個又一個的人來了又走了。i have received many a letter in the past few days. 最近幾天我接到許多來信。
a good many亦可解作a great many,它們均為many 的強化語，它與many的用法相同，即可用作形容詞和代詞，所修飾的名詞和謂語動詞均分別用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：a good many new books were published by the foreign language press last month. 上個月外文出版社出版了許多新書。we have a great many things to do at present. 我們目前有許許多多事要做。
14、more than, more...than
more than連用，通常起副詞的作用。若后接數(shù)詞（=over），常譯成“...以上，超過”；后接形容詞，副詞或動詞，相當(dāng)于very或much，常譯為“難以”；后接名詞，常譯成“不止是，不僅僅”等。例如：he is more than twenty years old. 他20多歲了。she was dressed more than simply. 她穿得豈止樸素，簡直近似于破爛。the beauty of the place is more than i can describe. 那個地方的美令我難以形容。
more...than中的more后也可接形容詞，副詞，動詞或名詞。修飾名詞時，more作形容詞解；修飾其他的詞時，作副詞解。than 是從屬連詞，常引出省略的比較狀語從句，整個結(jié)構(gòu)一般譯為“比...更；與其說...倒不如說“等。例如：more people like to drink boiled water than tea. 喜歡喝開水的人比喜歡喝茶的人多。it is more blue than green. 與其說是綠的，不如說是藍的。it is more common for peter to talk too slowly than too quickly. 彼得說起話來往往不是太快，而是太慢�！�
15、meet, meet with
meet 和meet with都可表示“預(yù)見，會見”，兩者通常可換用。yesterday afternoon i met (with) shirley at the cinema. 昨天我在電影院碰見雪萊。the chairman met (with) the king of holland for half an hour. 主席與荷蘭國王的會見持續(xù)了半個小時。
meet還可作"迎接,應(yīng)付,聚會,滿足"等解釋,它含有主動意義,即主語有意識地去完成某個動作,如: meet a friend (迎接朋友), meet the debts (償還債務(wù)),meet the danger (對付危險)。例如：i went to the airport to meet my uncle. 我去機場接我的叔叔。the whole school meet to hear the report. 整個學(xué)校的人聚在一起聽報告。every effort is made to meet the demands of the people. 所做的努力都是為了滿足人民的需求。
meet with作“碰到，受到，遭受”解，它含有被動意義，強調(diào)主語承受meet的動作所帶來的后果，如meet with bad weather （碰到壞天氣），meet with difficulty（碰到困難），meet with the refusal （遭到拒絕）。例如：he met with a lot of problems in this experiment. 他做這項試驗遇到許多問題。the play met with a good reception. 這部電視劇受到了好評�！�
16、much too, too much
much too 后接原級形容詞與副詞，意思是“實在太...”，其中的much是副詞，用來修飾另一個副詞too。如：it is much too cold here. 這兒實在太冷了。you sleep much too late. 你睡得實在太晚了。
too much后可接不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“過多的... ”，其中的too是副詞，修飾形容詞much。 too much后也可不接名詞，意思是“過多的東西，過多的事情”，其中的much是代詞。如：he has got too much money. 他已得到太多的錢。you are asking too much. 你問得太多了。
be too much表示“過分，太難，對付不了，過于厲害”。如：she is afraid that the long trip will be too much for me. 她擔(dān)心我受不了長途旅行的勞累。i tried to beat him, but he was too much for me. 我試圖打敗他，但我對付不了他�！�
17、maybe, may be
maybe是副詞，意為“可能，也許”，可用perhaps代替，不過美國人習(xí)慣上用perhaps, 不怎么愛用maybe。例如：maybe he has reached there. 大概他已經(jīng)到了那兒。maybe you are right and maybe you are wrong. 你也許對，也許錯。
may be中的may為情態(tài)動詞，有過去式might的變化，表示類似maybe的意思，be為助動詞或連系動詞，有時后面可跟一個名詞從句。例如：it may be raining in beijing. 現(xiàn)在北京可能在下雨。it may be that he never got there. 或許他根本就沒有到過那里�！�
18、most, a most, the most, mostly
無限定詞搭配的most可用作形容詞和名詞。前者通常修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞time，表示“大多數(shù)的，大部分的”的意思；后者常接of引起的介詞短語或定語從句，表示“大多數(shù)人（東西，時間）”的意思。此外，most還可作副詞，用來修飾副詞，形容詞或動詞，表示“最，十分，非常，很”的意思。例如：most students like english. 大多數(shù)學(xué)生喜歡英語。i was in shanghai most of the time. 我大部分時間在上海。the present world situation is most favourable for the people. 當(dāng)前世界形勢對人民非常有利。
a most中的most等同于very（很，非常），修飾形容詞，再跟單數(shù)名詞。例如：the statue is made of marble of a most lovely colour. 這雕像是用一種顏色很好看的大理石雕成的。guilin is a most beautiful city. 桂林是座非常美麗的城市。
the most主要有三種用法：1.其中的most為形容詞many或much的最高級，表示“最多的；最高程度的”的意思；2.為兩個音節(jié)以上的形容詞或副詞最高級的構(gòu)成形式，表示“最”的意思，most前的定冠詞有時可以省去；3.有時用作名詞。例如：he takes the most interest in the model cars. 他對模型汽車最感興趣。he is one of the most famous writers in china. 他是中國最著名的作家之一。this is the most i can do. 這是我力所能及的。
mostly是一個副詞，只用作狀語。一般放在所修飾的詞或短語之前，主要表示“主要地；多半；大部分地”的意思。例如：she is mostly out on sundays. 星期天她多半不在家。she uses her car mostly for going to the shops. 她用車多半是去商店買東西�！�
19、must have done, should have done
must have done表示“想必已經(jīng)，一定是”，指對過去的事物或者狀態(tài)一種邏輯推斷或確有把握的推測。由于must not是“禁止”的意思，不表示推測，因此must have done僅限用于肯定式，它的否定式是can not have done 或 could not have done。在疑問句中同樣也是如此，不用must提問。如：you must have misunderstood me because i didn't say anything like that. 你一定是誤會我了，因為我沒有說過那樣的話。"the lecturer was a tall thin man." "then it can't have been dr zhu because he is short and fat. it must have been dr zhang." “那個作報告的人又高又瘦�！� “那么，他不可能是朱博士，因為他又矮又胖。他一定是張博士�！�
should have done表示根據(jù)事物的一般規(guī)律所做出的一般性的推斷或推測，它的語氣沒有must have done強，把握也沒有它大。如：they should have finished the work by now. 他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該完成工作了。she should have arrived in cairo by this time. 她現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該到達開羅了。should have done還可以表示過去應(yīng)該做或值得做的事情而沒有做，常帶有后悔，埋怨，不滿，責(zé)備或驚奇等情緒。它的否定形式表示過去做了不該做的事情。must have done則沒有這樣的意思。如：you should have gone to see your grandpa last week. 你上星期應(yīng)該去看望爺爺?shù)摹his wall shouldn't have been painted yellow. 這堵墻不應(yīng)該漆成黃色�！�
20、mr. smith's, the mr. smith, the smiths
mr. smith's表示“史密斯先生的家”，即mr. smith's house。名詞所有格后表示某人的家以及商店，教堂等名詞，在習(xí)慣上可以省去。如：shall we meet at mr. smith's tomorrow? 要不我們明天在史密斯先生家中見面好嗎？don't worry! you can leave the children at mrs. jone's. 別擔(dān)心！你可以將孩子們留在瓊斯太太家。
the mr. smith表示“那一位史密斯先生”，稱呼前加定冠詞用于需要區(qū)分具有同一姓氏的人的場合。如："we have two mr. smiths. which one do you want?" "i want the mr. smith who works in the bank.我們這兒有兩個史密斯先生。你想找哪一位？" “我想找在銀行工作的那一位史密斯先生�！�
the smiths表示“史密斯一家人”，復(fù)數(shù)姓氏加定冠詞表示其夫婦倆，或夫婦倆加其子女。如：the smiths are all early risers. 史密斯一家都起得很早。the smiths could not pay for the advanced education that their son needed. 史密斯夫婦不能支付其子所需的高等教育的費用。
本講到此結(jié)束了。下一講我們將學(xué)習(xí)以字母n開始的短語辨析。