devote vt. 投入于，獻(xiàn)身
[特征]
- the student devoted his time to his study.
這個(gè)學(xué)生把他的時(shí)間用在學(xué)習(xí)上。
[備考必背]
①重要詞組
devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于…… devote one's life to doing將一生貢獻(xiàn)給……
- he has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他為全人類的利益獻(xiàn)出了自己的一生。
②派生詞：devotion n. 奉獻(xiàn)，投入
- the devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.
把過(guò)多的時(shí)間花在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)上就使花在學(xué)習(xí)上的時(shí)間太少了。
difficulty n. 困難，難點(diǎn)
[特征]
with difficulty 困難地，費(fèi)盡地 in difficulty 處境困難
- this project is full of difficulties.
這個(gè)工程困難很多。
[貼心叮嚀]
difficulty是difficult的名詞形式。它既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞。
[考點(diǎn)]
表示“在某方面有困難”可以用“difficulty+in+doing sth.（in可以省略）”，而不能用“difficulty+ to do sth.”形式。
（誤）there was no difficulty to solve the problem.
（正）there was no difficulty (in) solving the problem.
解決這問(wèn)題毫無(wú)困難。
direct vt. ①指路，指明方向 ②指導(dǎo)，指揮 ③導(dǎo)演（電影等） adj. 筆直的；直率的
[特征]
a direct road 一條直路
- could you direct me to the railway station?
請(qǐng)問(wèn)道火車站怎么走？
- who is directing the workmen?
誰(shuí)在指揮工人？
- who directed the movie?
誰(shuí)執(zhí)導(dǎo)的這部影片？
- he gave the boss a direct answer.
他給了老板一個(gè)直接的答案。
[貼心叮嚀]
direct的基本含義是“指明方向”，其他意思都是由此引申而來(lái)，請(qǐng)注意參考上面的例句。
[練習(xí)與解答]
- once a decision has been made, all of us should it. [2004 湖北]
a. direct to b. stick to c. lead to d. refer to
答案：b
（一旦做出了決定，我們大家都要遵守。本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。direct to是“把……指向……”；stick to是“堅(jiān)持”；lead to是“導(dǎo)致；通向”；refer to是“參考；提及”。）
disability n. ①無(wú)力，無(wú)能 ②殘疾
[特征]
在英文中，在一些單詞前面通常會(huì)加上前綴dis，表示和后面這個(gè)單詞相反的含義。disability就是由前綴dis（表示否定）+ability（能力）構(gòu)成。
- he has a disability pension from the government.
他領(lǐng)有一筆政府發(fā)的傷殘撫恤金。
[備考必背] 辨析disability和inability
這兩個(gè)詞都有“缺乏能力”的意思。disability多指身體殘疾而引起的“缺乏能力”；而inability單純指“不能”。
- he was disabled in the war and his disability prevented him from holding any job.
他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中殘廢了，這使他無(wú)法找到任何工作。
- the new secretary is still unable to work alone and this inability may cause her to lose the job.
新來(lái)的秘書至今仍不能獨(dú)立工作，這很可能使她失去這份工作。