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數(shù)學(xué)部分術(shù)語總匯 (2)

集合與簡易邏輯
 

集合(集)                  set
非負(fù)整數(shù)集                  the set of all non-negative integers
自然數(shù)集                    the set of all natural numbers
正整數(shù)集                    the set of all positive integers
整數(shù)集                      the set of all integers
有理數(shù)集                    the set of all rational numbers
實(shí)數(shù)集                      the set of all real numbers
元素                        element
屬于                        belong to
不屬于                      not belong to
有限集                      finite set
無限集                      infinite set
空集                        empty set
包含                        inclusion, include
包含于                      lie in
子集                        subset
真子集                      proper subset
補(bǔ)集(余集)                complementary set
全集                        universe
交集                        intersection
并集                         union
偶數(shù)集                       the set of all even numbers
奇數(shù)集                       the set of all odd numbers
含絕對值的不等式             inequality with absolute value
一元二次不等式               one-variable quadratic inequality
邏輯                         logic
邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞                   logic connective
或                           or
且                           and
非                           not
真                           true
假                           false
真值表                       truth table
原命題                       original proposition
逆命題                       converse proposition
否命題                       negative proposition
逆否命題                     converse-negative proposition
充分條件                     sufficient condition
必要條件                     necessary condition
充要條件                     sufficient and necessary condition
……的充要條件是……         … if and only if …


函     數(shù)

函數(shù)                         function
自變量                      argument
定義域                      domain
值域                        range
區(qū)間                        interval
閉區(qū)間                      closed interval
開區(qū)間                      open interval
函數(shù)的圖象                  graph of function
映射                        mapping
象                          image
原象                        inverse image
單調(diào)                        monotone
增函數(shù)                      increasing function
減函數(shù)                      decreasing function
單調(diào)區(qū)間                    monotone interval
反函數(shù)                      inverse function
指數(shù)                        exponent
n次方根                     n th root
根式                         radical
根指數(shù)                       radical exponent
被開方數(shù)                     radicand
指數(shù)函數(shù)                     exponential function
對數(shù)                         logarithm
常用對數(shù)                     common logarithm
自然對數(shù)                     natural logarithm
對數(shù)函數(shù)                     logarithmic function
 

數(shù)     列

數(shù)列                         sequence of number
項(xiàng)                           term
通項(xiàng)公式                     the formula of general term
有窮數(shù)列                     finite sequence of number
無窮數(shù)列                     infinite sequence of number
遞推公式                     recurrence formula
等差數(shù)列                     arithmetic progression ,
                             arithmetic series
公差                         common difference
等差中項(xiàng)                     arithmetic mean
等比數(shù)列                     geometric progression,
                             geometric series
公比                         common ratio
等比中項(xiàng)                     geometric mean


三  角  函  數(shù)

三角函數(shù)                trigonometric function
始邊                    initial side
終邊                    terminal side
正角                    positive angle
負(fù)角                    negative angle
零角                    zero angle
象限角                  quadrant angle
弧度                    radian
弧度制                  radian measure
角度制                  degree measure
正弦                    sine
余弦                    cosine
正切                    tangent
余切                    cotangent
正割                    secant
余割                    cosecant
誘導(dǎo)公式                induction formula
正弦曲線                sine curve
余弦曲線                cosine curve
最大值                 maximum
最小值                 minimum
周期                   period
最小正周期             minimal positive period
周期函數(shù)               periodic function
振幅                   amplitude of vibration
頻率                   frequency
相位                   phase
初相                   initial phase
反正弦                 arc sine
反余弦                 arc cosine
反正切                 arc tangent
 

平  面  向  量

有向線段               directed line segment
數(shù)量                   scalar quantity
向量                   vector
零向量                 zero vector
相等向量               equal vector
共線向量               collinear vectors
平行向量               parallel vectors
向量的數(shù)乘             multiplication of vector by scalar
單位向量               unit vector
基底                   base
基向量                base  vectors
平移                  translation
數(shù)量積                inner  product
正弦定理              sine  theorem
余弦定理              cosine  theorem
 

不   等   式

算術(shù)平均數(shù)                         arithmetic mean
幾何平均數(shù)                         geometric mean
比較法                             method of compare
綜合法                             method of synthesis
分析法                             method of analysis


直     線

傾斜角                             angle of inclination
斜率                               gradient
點(diǎn)斜式                             point slope form
截距                               intercept
斜截式                             gradient intercept form
兩點(diǎn)式                             two-point form
一般式                             general form
夾角                               included angle
線性規(guī)劃                           linear programming
約束條件                           constraint condition
目標(biāo)函數(shù)                           objective function
可行域                             feasible region
最優(yōu)解                             optimal solution
 

圓  錐  曲  線

曲線                               curve
坐標(biāo)法                             method of coordinate
解析幾何                           analytic geometry
笛卡兒                             descartes
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程                           standard equation
一般方程                           general equation
參數(shù)方程                           parameter equation
參數(shù)                               parameter
圓錐曲線                           point conic
橢圓                               ellipse
焦點(diǎn)                               focus, focal points
焦距                               focal length
長軸                               major axis
短軸                               minor axis
離心率                             eccentricity
雙曲線                             hyperbola
實(shí)軸                               real axis
虛軸                               imaginary axis
漸近線                             asymptote
拋物線                             parabola
準(zhǔn)線                               directrix