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指示代詞

1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
      單數(shù)          復數(shù)
限定詞:this girl is mary.  those men are my
               teachers.
代詞: this is mary.     those are my
               teachers.

 2) 指示代詞的句法功能;
  a. 作主語
    this is the way to do it.
    這事兒就該這樣做。
  
   b. 作賓語
    i like this better than that.
    我喜歡這個甚至那個。

   c. 作主語補語
    my point is this.
    我的觀點就是如此。

   d. 作介詞賓語
    i don't say no to that.
    我并未拒絕那個。
    there is no fear of that.
    那并不可怕。
 說明1:
  指示代詞在作主語時可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時只能指物,不能指人,例如:
 (對)that is my teacher. 那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人)
 (對)he is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個姑娘結婚。(this作限定詞)
 (錯)he is going to marry this.。╰his作賓語時不能指人)
 (對)i bought this. 我買這個。(this指物,可作賓語)

 說明2:
  that和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時,在作先行詞時,只有those可指人,試比較:
 (對) he admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
 (對) he admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
 (錯) he admired that who danced well.。╰hat作賓語時不能指人)
 (對) he admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
 (對) he admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)