即興演講——掌握即興演講內(nèi)容應(yīng)遵循的原則
"if indeed i had a chance to choose for my life again, i think the time setting i would choose is in the late 1970s and the early 1980s. that was when the chinese government began to adopt the policy of reform and openness. and the place setting i would choose is in some places in the western part of china. why? let me share with you my reasons.
well, when i firstly saw this, errr, heard this topic, i think it reminded me of an experience a few years ago. i still clearly remember that, uhh, at that time, some fellow students and i went to visit a primary school in a very poor village and we were working as tutors there. there, all the classrooms were in a very old building and many windows and doors were broken, so, when it was raining, all the children had to move to a corner in order not to get wet. inside the classroom, five to six children were sharing one desk normally shared by two and many of the desks and chairs were broken, too.
and immediately after we began to teach them english, it became very clear to us that many of these students were very diligent and were very willing to work hard. but later on, as we talked among ourselves, we got to know that they, many of them, could not finish their schooling just because of poverty. i think that this experience enabled us to see that we belong to a few group of, a group of few people that are fortunately enough to receive a college education."
這段演講是她真情實(shí)感的流露，表達(dá)起來(lái)自如，而且自信，也容易和聽(tīng)眾進(jìn)行真正的交流。
在選擇使用論據(jù)時(shí)，尤其是在競(jìng)賽當(dāng)中，需要特別注意以下兩個(gè)原則。
�。�1）演講的支持材料要切題。
所選擇的支持材料要為你的中心觀點(diǎn)或主題服務(wù)，不能偏離這一點(diǎn)，不能跑題。記得一個(gè)學(xué)生在參加比賽時(shí)，抽到的即興演講題目是，“中國(guó)成為世界貿(mào)易組織的成員對(duì)于我們國(guó)家有什么主要影響？”她在演講中講了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的故事，一個(gè)年輕人在海邊拾貝殼，碰到了一個(gè)老人，以及和這個(gè)老人之間展開(kāi)的對(duì)話。這個(gè)故事占了整個(gè)演講的三分之二，然后很牽強(qiáng)地把這個(gè)故事和她抽到的題目聯(lián)系在一起。盡管她的故事敘述得很流利，但在整個(gè)即興演講結(jié)束后，聽(tīng)眾仍然不知她對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答是什么？很顯然，演講者在賽前準(zhǔn)備了幾個(gè)故事，準(zhǔn)備在即興演講時(shí)使用。的確，在賽前要做充分的準(zhǔn)備，準(zhǔn)備各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的數(shù)據(jù)、例子、權(quán)威專(zhuān)家的話等，做好充分的調(diào)研，以便在比賽中游刃有余。但切記你所選擇的支持材料一定要與主題相關(guān)，為主題服務(wù)，能夠幫助聽(tīng)眾更加深入地了解你的觀點(diǎn)，決不能?chē)W眾取寵。不切題的即興演講絕不會(huì)得高分。
�。�2）演講的支持材料要貼近聽(tīng)眾。