如何寫出精彩的英語演講稿
結(jié)尾往往可以起到“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，開篇正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度都會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到“結(jié)尾有道”呢？首先，我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是“end with a quotation”，達(dá)到的效果是特別引人深思。他在結(jié)尾說道，“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitch hiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words: "stay hungry. stay foolish." it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”他不僅在結(jié)尾引用這句“stay hungry. stay foolish”（求知若渴，虛懷若谷），而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化聽眾的印象，這句話也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的“精髓”。
在結(jié)尾時(shí)，可以用結(jié)束信號(hào)詞讓聽眾明白你要準(zhǔn)備結(jié)尾了，不要讓演講結(jié)束得太突兀，比如，“in conclusion", "let me end my speech by saying...", "i'd like to close my speech this way."等。具體的結(jié)尾方式很多，常見的有：1. summarize your speech（總結(jié)演講）。2. make a dramatic statement（強(qiáng)有力的陳述），這個(gè)不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的沉淀和吶喊，非常經(jīng)典的演講是patrick henry's legendary "liberty or death" oration. 他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說道，"is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for mw, give me liberty, or give me death." 3. refer to the introduction（首尾呼應(yīng)）。這是體現(xiàn)演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一的很經(jīng)典的形式，值得借鑒。
三、觀點(diǎn)闡釋，有效支撐
毫無疑問，主體段的信息量最大，寫作量也是最大，如何更清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點(diǎn)，有效支撐分論點(diǎn)，是寫作時(shí)應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。在明晰了寫作邏輯之后，就要圍繞這些邏輯要點(diǎn)來展開論證。喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講中，邏輯要點(diǎn)有三：1. the first story is about connecting the dots. 2. my second story is about love and loss. 3. my third story is about death. 他在闡釋中主要運(yùn)用了以下手段。首先，舉例子。文中用了大量的例子來說明他怎么對(duì)待學(xué)習(xí)、工作和死亡，比如他說起自己決定輟學(xué)然后旁聽有意思的課程，這些課當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)他沒什么實(shí)質(zhì)的幫助，但是十年后在當(dāng)他設(shè)計(jì)第一款macintosh 電腦的時(shí)候，這些東西全派上了用場(chǎng)，這個(gè)例子充分說明了他要講的第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)-- 串起生命中的點(diǎn)滴。在隨后的文中，喬布斯大量地講述了他事業(yè)生活中的例子，讓聽眾感受到真實(shí)的力量和鼓舞。其次，引用。他除了在文章最后用到了引用，文中也不乏引用的痕跡，比如在講到死亡時(shí)，他引用了一句格言，“if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.”這句話能表明他對(duì)于死亡的態(tài)度。恰到好處的引用往往能使聽眾印象深刻。第三，數(shù)據(jù)。在講第二個(gè)故事--關(guān)于愛和失去時(shí)，喬布斯用到了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來支撐觀點(diǎn)。他說自己是幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)�，“woz and i started apple in my parents garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. we had just released our finest creation — the macintosh — a year earlier, and i had just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾有直接的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。