名人演講：國(guó)會(huì)珍珠港演說(shuō)
美國(guó)第32任總統(tǒng)富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(Franklin D. Roosevelt )(1933—1945)，一直被視為美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一，是20世紀(jì)美國(guó)最孚眾望和受愛(ài)戴的總統(tǒng)，也是美國(guó)歷史上惟一連任4屆總統(tǒng)的人，從1933年3月起，直到1945年4月去世時(shí)為止，任職長(zhǎng)達(dá)12年。曾贏得美國(guó)民眾長(zhǎng)達(dá)7周的高支持率，創(chuàng)下歷史記錄。
富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福出生于紐約。父親詹姆斯·羅斯福是一個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁。母親薩拉·德拉諾比父親小26歲。羅斯福曾就讀于哈佛大學(xué)和哥倫比亞大學(xué)。1910年任紐約州參議員。1913年任海軍部副部長(zhǎng)。1921年因患脊髓灰質(zhì)炎致殘。1928年任紐約州長(zhǎng)。1932年競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)獲勝。執(zhí)政后，以“新政”對(duì)付經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，頗有成效，故獲得1936年、1940年、1944年大選連任。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初，美國(guó)采取不介入政策，但對(duì)希特勒采取強(qiáng)硬手段，以“租借法”支持同盟國(guó)。1941年底，美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)。羅斯福代表美國(guó)兩次參加同盟國(guó)“三巨頭”會(huì)議。羅斯福政府提出了軸心國(guó)必須無(wú)條件投降的原則并得到了實(shí)施。羅斯福提出了建立聯(lián)合國(guó)的構(gòu)想，也得到了實(shí)施。63歲時(shí)由于腦溢血去世。
很多網(wǎng)友相信都看過(guò)電影《珍珠港》(Pearl Harbor)，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)在歐亞大陸打的如火如荼，而跨海相隔的美國(guó)卻隔岸觀火，仿佛事不關(guān)己。直到1941年12月7日早晨7點(diǎn)53分，日本突襲美軍在夏威夷的基地珍珠港。次日，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)羅斯福在國(guó)會(huì)憤然發(fā)表了這篇的演說(shuō)，至此，太平洋戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)全面爆發(fā)。
Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
昨天，1941年12月7日──它將永遠(yuǎn)成為國(guó)恥日──美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)遭到了日本帝國(guó)�？哲婎A(yù)謀的突然襲擊。
Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.
Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.
Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.
Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.
Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.
And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.
昨天日本政府也發(fā)動(dòng)了對(duì)馬來(lái)地區(qū)的進(jìn)攻。
昨夜日本軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻了香港。
昨夜日本軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻關(guān)島。
昨夜日本軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻菲律賓群島。
昨夜日本軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻威克島。
今晨日本軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻了中途島。
演講全文：Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation
Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives:
Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.
Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack.
It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.
The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.
Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.
Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.
Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.
Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.
Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.
And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.
Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.
As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.
No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.
I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.
Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.
With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.
I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.