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怎樣寫英語(yǔ)演講稿

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-04-17

怎樣寫英語(yǔ)演講稿

  隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展,我國(guó)參與國(guó)際商業(yè)界交流的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越多,人們?cè)絹?lái)越經(jīng)常地需要使用英語(yǔ)做演講。這對(duì)我們的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程提出了更高的要求,以保證學(xué)生畢業(yè)后,能比較熟練地使用英語(yǔ)做演講。實(shí)際上,不少英語(yǔ)教師早已在訓(xùn)練學(xué)生這方面的能力,并經(jīng)常要求學(xué)生做英語(yǔ)演講的訓(xùn)練。本文將會(huì)介紹怎樣怎樣寫一篇好的英語(yǔ)演講稿。

  1.演講要越短越好

  關(guān)于寫好英語(yǔ)演講稿,應(yīng)該要直截了當(dāng),開門見山的,不應(yīng)該有中文的那種迂回婉轉(zhuǎn)的表達(dá)方式。據(jù)有關(guān)專家統(tǒng)計(jì),一般人的注意力一次只能集中約13分鐘。所以,演講長(zhǎng)度以10~15分鐘為宜。下面是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)林肯所作的著名的蓋茨堡演說(shuō),雖然全文只有短短200多個(gè)詞,卻帶有振奮人心、扭轉(zhuǎn)乾坤般的力量。其中 of the people, by the people, for the people(民有,民治,民享)已成為不朽佳句。

  其實(shí),我們中學(xué)生練習(xí)寫演講稿,可以短些,從4~5分鐘,500~600個(gè)詞,圍繞一個(gè)主題開始練習(xí)。

  2.根據(jù)聽眾對(duì)象,注意演講的總體措詞

  演講的總體措詞是嚴(yán)肅一些還是活潑一些,是有較明顯的說(shuō)教口氣還是用平等的口吻,等等,都要根據(jù)聽眾對(duì)象而定。如果場(chǎng)下聽眾是同齡的學(xué)生,那么演講的內(nèi)容只要風(fēng)趣一些往往就能引起共鳴。但另一方面,如果聽眾大多是上了年紀(jì)的教師,太多的笑料反而會(huì)被認(rèn)為“不嚴(yán)肅”,“不尊重”,而引起反感。

  用英語(yǔ)演講,不要用太多 i feel, i think,老是用i,顯得十分主觀,狹隘。如果通篇全是 i feel, i think 的內(nèi)容,會(huì)給人覺得缺乏說(shuō)服力。另外,perhaps, maybe 這樣的詞語(yǔ),雖然有“客氣,謙虛”的成分,但太多會(huì)讓人覺得你演講的內(nèi)容有不可靠之處。

  還有,在演講中,要少用you,多用we。用you等于把自己與聽眾對(duì)立起來(lái),而用we則拉近了與聽眾的距離。比如:you should not smoke.聽上去像教訓(xùn)人,而 lets not smoke聽起來(lái)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的建議。

  3.英語(yǔ)演講稿的基本組成部分

  從大的方面看,英語(yǔ)演講詞實(shí)際上是屬于一種特殊的說(shuō)明文或議論文,其基本組成部分是:

  1)開始時(shí)對(duì)聽眾的稱呼語(yǔ)

  最常用的是 ladies and gentlemen,也可根據(jù)不同情況,選用 fellow students, distinguished guests, mr chairman, honorable judges(評(píng)委)等等。

  2)提出論題

  由于演講的時(shí)間限制,必須開門見山,提出論題。提出論題的方法有各種各樣,但最生動(dòng),最能引起注意的是用舉例法。比如:你要呼吁大家關(guān)心貧窮地區(qū)的孩子,你可以用親眼看到的或者收集到的那些貧窮孩子多么需要幫助的實(shí)例開始。另外,用具體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也是一個(gè)有效的引出論題的方法,比如:你要談遵守交通規(guī)則的話題,你可以從舉一系列有關(guān)車輛、車禍等的數(shù)據(jù)開始。

  3)論證

  對(duì)提出的論題,不可主觀地妄下結(jié)論,而要進(jìn)行客觀的論證。這是演講中最需要下功夫的部分。關(guān)鍵是要把道理講清楚。常見的論證方法有舉例法、因果法、對(duì)比法等等,可參見英語(yǔ)議論文的有關(guān)章節(jié)。

  4)結(jié)論

  結(jié)論要簡(jiǎn)明扼要,以給聽眾留下深刻印象。

  5)結(jié)尾

  結(jié)尾要簡(jiǎn)潔,不要拉拉扯扯,說(shuō)個(gè)沒完。特別是不要受漢語(yǔ)影響,說(shuō)些類似“準(zhǔn)備不足,請(qǐng)諒解”,“請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正”這樣的廢話。最普通的結(jié)尾就是:thank you very much for your attention。

  4.英語(yǔ)演講稿的語(yǔ)言特征

  1)多用實(shí)詞,多用短句,少用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句

  在英語(yǔ)演講中,and, but, so, then 等虛詞要盡量少用,that, which 等詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也只會(huì)使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜,而使聽眾難以跟上演講者的思路,從而影響演講的效果。相反,多使用實(shí)詞,短句,可使得演講內(nèi)容更清晰,氣勢(shì)更磅礴。

  2)演講要注意使用各種修辭手法,增加演講的感染力和氣勢(shì)。英語(yǔ)演講中常用的修辭手法有:漸進(jìn)(climax)、對(duì)照(antithesis)、排比(parallelism)、警句(epigram)等等,例如:

  that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.(排比)

  這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的國(guó)家將不會(huì)從地球上消失。

  united, there is little we can not do; divided, there is little we can do.(對(duì)照)

  團(tuán)結(jié),我們便將無(wú)所不能;分裂,我們則會(huì)一事無(wú)成。

  let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (對(duì)照和漸進(jìn))

  讓世界各國(guó)都知道,無(wú)論對(duì)我們懷有好感與敵意,我們將付出任何代價(jià),肩負(fù)任何重任,面對(duì)任何艱辛,支持任何朋友,反對(duì)任何敵人,以確保自由的生存與成功。

  what we should fear most is the fear itself.(警句)

  我們最應(yīng)恐懼的是恐懼本身。

  ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.(對(duì)照)

  不要問你們的國(guó)家能為你們做些什么,而要問你們能為你們的國(guó)家做些什么。

  設(shè)想一下,假如在我們的演講中能融入上述這樣運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)男揶o手段,那我們的演講將會(huì)變得多么有力與動(dòng)人。

  當(dāng)然,最后到我們真正演講的時(shí)候還是必須要我們的口才和應(yīng)變能力,鏗鏘有力的演講會(huì)使聽眾聽起來(lái)更加專注,這才是你寫好一篇好的英語(yǔ)演講稿的最終目的。

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