關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)的英文作文:圣誕老人的由來
theoriginalsantaclaus,st.nicholas,wasbornintheancientsoutheasternturkishtownoflyciaearlyinthefourthcentury.hisgenerositywaslegend,andhewasparticularlyfondofchildren.weknowthisprimarilythroughromanaccountsofhispatronageofyouth,whicheventuallyledtohisbecomingthepatronsaintofchildren.throughoutthemiddleages,andwellbeyond,hewasreferredtobymanynamesnoneofthemsantaclaus.
childrentodaywouldnotatallrecognizethest.nickwhobroughtgiftstoeuropeanchildrenhundredsofyearsagoexceptperhapsforhiscascadingwhitebeard.hemadehisroundsinfullred-and-whitebishop‘srobes,completewithtwinpeakedmiterandcrookedcrozier.hewaspulledbynofleetfootedreindeer,butcoaxedinindolentdonkey.andhearrivednotlateonchristmaseve,butonhischristianfeastday,december6.thegiftsheleftbesidethehearthwereusuallysmall:fruit,nuts,hardcandies,woodandclayfigurines.
duringtheprotestantreformationofthesixteenthcentury,st.nicholaswasbanishedfrommosteuropeancountries.replacinghimweremoresecularfigures,whoingeneralwerenotatcenterstageatthatpointinhistory..thedutchkeptthest.nicholastraditionalive.asthe"protectorofsailors,"st.nicholasgracedtheprowofthefirstdutchshipthatarrivedinamerica.andthefirstchurchbuiltinnewyorkcitywasnamedafterhim.thedutchbroughtwiththemtothenewworldtwochristmasitemsthatwerequicklyamericanized.
insixteenthcenturyholland,childrenplacedwoodenshoesbythehearththenightofst.nicholas‘sarrival.theshoeswerefilledwithstraw,amealforthesaint‘sgiftladendonkey.inreturn,nicholaswouldinsertasmalltreatintoeachclog.inamerica,theshoewasreplacedwiththestocking,hungbythechimney.
thedutchspelledst.nicholas"saintnikolass,"whichinthenewworldbecame"sinterklass".laterchangedto"santaclaus".
muchofmoderndaysantaclauslore,includingthereindeerdrawnsleigh,originatedinamerica.dr.clementclarkemoorecomposed"thenightbeforechristmas"in1822,toreadtohischildrenonchristmaseve.thepoemmighthaveremainedprivatelyinthemoorefamilyifafriendhadnotmailedacopyofit(withooutauthorialattribution)toanewspaperandbecamepartofthesantalegend.
itwasinamericathatsantaputonweight.therosy-cheeked,roly-polysantaiscreditedtotheinfluentialnineteenth-centurycartoonistthomasnast.from1863until1886,nastcreatedaseriesofchristmasdrawingsforharper‘sweekly.thesedrawings,executedovertwentyyears,exhibitagradualevolutioninsantafromthepudgy,diminutive,elf-likecreatureofdr.moore‘simmortalpoemtothebearded,potbellied,life-sizebellringerfamiliaronstreetcornersacrossamericatoday.nast‘scartoonsalsoshowedtheworldhowsantaspenthisentireyearconstructingtoys,checkingonchildren‘sbehavior,readingtheirrequestsforspecialgifts.hisimageswereincorporatedintothesantalore.
santaisknownthroughouttheworldinmanydifferentnames,suchas:
saintnikolaas(sinterklaas),fromthedutchfatherchristmas,fromtheenglishkriskringle,fromthegermansbefana,fromtheitaliansbobouschka,fromtherussians(agrandmotherlyfigureinsteadofamale)
圣誕老人的傳說在數(shù)千年前的斯堪的納維亞半島即出現(xiàn)。北歐神話中司智慧,藝術(shù),詩詞,戰(zhàn)爭的奧丁神,寒冬時節(jié),騎上他那八腳馬坐騎馳騁于天涯海角,懲惡揚善,分發(fā)禮物。與此同時,其子雷神著紅衣以閃電為武器與冰雪諸神昏天黑地惡戰(zhàn)一場,最終戰(zhàn)勝寒冷。據(jù)異教傳說,圣誕老人為奧丁神后裔。也有傳說稱圣誕老人由圣·尼古拉而來,所以圣誕老人也稱st.nicholas.因這些故事大多弘揚基督精神,其出處,故事情節(jié)大多被淡忘,然而圣誕老人卻永駐人們精神世界。
每年圣誕日,圣誕老人騎在白羊星座上,圣童手持圣誕樹降臨人間,隨著世事變遷,作家和藝術(shù)家開始把圣誕老人描述成我們今日熟悉的著紅裝,留白胡子的形象。同時不同的國度和文化對圣誕老人也有了不同的解釋。在德國,傳說他扮成圣童把堅果和蘋果放在孩子們鞋里。他乘雙輪馬車四處漫游,觀察人們的行為,尤其是小孩,如果表現(xiàn)好,將會得到蘋果、堅果、糖等諸多獎品。壞孩子則得一鞭子。家長們靈機一動紛紛采用此傳說來鼓勵孩子們聽話。大大超過了新年,成為一個全民的節(jié)日。圣誕老人已經(jīng)成為圣誕節(jié)最受喜愛的象征和傳統(tǒng)。他趕著馴鹿,拉著裝滿玩具和禮物的雪橇挨家挨戶給每個孩子送禮物的快樂老精靈的形象已深深地留在人們的記憶中。
11世紀末來自意大利的宗教士兵將nicholas圣人的遺物帶回意大利,并在港口城市bari建造了一座教堂來紀念他。很快世界各地的基督教徒紛至沓來朝圣這位圣人。這些朝圣者將圣人nicholas的故事帶回他們的本土,所以有關(guān)圣誕老人的傳說在各個國家都各具特色。
12世紀歐洲出現(xiàn)了圣人nicholas紀念日,以互贈禮物和慈善活動為主。德國、法國、荷蘭則將12月6日作為宗教紀念日,給孩子和窮人們贈送禮物。
荷蘭殖民者來到美洲時,將他們的sintirklass主教也帶了去,sintirklass身著紅袈裟,騎著一匹白馬。sintirklass的美國形象后來逐漸演變成一個快樂的老精靈。起初美國作家華盛頓.歐文在他的喜劇《紐約的歷史》中將他描述成一個又圓又胖的荷蘭老人。1823年,詩人clementmoore在他的詩歌《st.nicholas印象》中繼續(xù)將sintirklass/saintnicholas的形象戲劇化,這就是各位在本篇開頭看到的圣誕老人。
19世紀60年代卡通制thomasnash畫了一幅胖胖的、慈祥的圣誕老人作為《harper的一周》的插圖。這個圣誕老人的形象開始深深地扎根于美國人民的腦海中。隨著時間的推移,圣誕老人的形象傳