2001年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試的作文題目

　　第一章  寫(xiě)作測(cè)試內(nèi)容

　　第一節(jié) 《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》對(duì)寫(xiě)作的基本要求

　　英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作考試的目的是測(cè)試考生用英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)思想的能力， 按照《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試大綱》的要求，學(xué)生應(yīng)在30分鐘內(nèi)寫(xiě)出一篇120 ~ 150詞的短文。試卷上給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖表作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫(xiě)，或給出提示寫(xiě)成短文。能寫(xiě)短信和便條。其評(píng)分原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言?xún)蓚�(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。文章要能“正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤�！憋@然，測(cè)試考生實(shí)際交際能力是第一位的，然后才是運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的水平，將二者綜合起來(lái)，全面地考察學(xué)生在書(shū)面表達(dá)方面使用語(yǔ)言的能力。

　　第二節(jié) 評(píng)分辦法及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　一.評(píng)分辦法

　　1. CET4是檢查考生是否達(dá)到了大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱所規(guī)定的四級(jí)教學(xué)要求，對(duì)作文的評(píng)判應(yīng)以此要求為準(zhǔn)則。

　　2. CET4作文題采用總體評(píng)分（Global Scoring）的方法，閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分（Reward Scores）， 而不是按語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。

　　3. 從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言?xún)蓚�(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體，作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過(guò)語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)，要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語(yǔ)清楚而適切地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語(yǔ)言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。

　　4. 避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分，包括滿(mǎn)分，該給低分的給低分，包括0分，一名閱卷人員在所評(píng)閱的全部作文卷中不應(yīng)給中間的幾種分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　二.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　1. 作文題滿(mǎn)分為15分。

　　2. 閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分，各有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷一至二份。

　　3. 閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照樣卷評(píng)分，若認(rèn)為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)（如8分）相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)（即8分）；若認(rèn)為稍?xún)?yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù)，則可加一分（即9分）或減一分（即7分），但不得加或減半分。

　　4. 2分 —  條理不清楚，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)       

　　重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

　　5分 —  基本切題，表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

　　8分 —  基本切題，有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，

　　其中一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

　　11分 — 切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

　　14分 — 切題，表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好，基本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)

　　別小錯(cuò)。

　　[注：白卷、作文與題目毫不相關(guān)或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞而無(wú)法表達(dá)思想，則給0分]

　　5. 字?jǐn)?shù)不足應(yīng)酌情扣分：

　　累計(jì)字?jǐn)?shù) CET4 90~ 99 80 ~ 89 70 ~ 79 60 ~ 69 50 ~ 59 < 19

　　扣分     1    2    3    5    7  9

　　[ 注：1. 如題目中給出主題句，起始句，結(jié)束句，均不得記入所寫(xiě)字?jǐn)?shù)。

　　2. 只寫(xiě)一段者：0~4分；只寫(xiě)兩段者：0~9分（指規(guī)定三段的作文）]

　　6. 為了便于閱卷人員掌握評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，現(xiàn)將各檔作文相當(dāng)于百分制的得分列表如下，稱(chēng)為得分率，其中9分的得分率為60分（相當(dāng)于百分制的60分）。

　　作文分 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6  5 4 3 2 1   

　　得分率 100 94 87 80 74 67 60 54 47 40 34 27 20 14 7  

　　第三節(jié)  評(píng)分實(shí)例

　　為了能夠讓大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的廣大師生們更直觀地體會(huì)寫(xiě)作的具體要求，從而既讓教師做到在指導(dǎo)寫(xiě)作時(shí)知道用什么樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去約束和引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作行為，更好地預(yù)見(jiàn)在低檔作文中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的各種典型錯(cuò)誤，又使學(xué)生能夠了解何種作文為高檔作文，何種作文為低檔作文，好在何處，差在什么地方，特就題為 A Letter to a Schoolmate 這樣一篇作文進(jìn)行分析，以求達(dá)到更佳的學(xué)習(xí)和操練效果。

　　11 points

　　You can’t imagine how happy I was when I heard that you would come to visit me. We haven’t seen each other for a long time, so I am counting the days.

　　I have arranged a schedule for our holiday. You haven’t been to Shanghai before. When you see it, you will be hard to believe your eyes. Shanghai is very modern. First, we will go out for shopping, and then go some sight-seeings, such as Yu Yuan Garden and People square. If you like, we can go to see some old friends. I bet they will be as happy as I am when seeing you. Do you like the suggestion I made above? If there is something unsuitable, we will talk about them when you arrive. OK ?

　　Oh, please remember to bring your winter clothes with you, because Shanghai is a little bit colder than Sichuan.

　　Remember me to your parents.

　　評(píng)析

　　這篇作文內(nèi)容切題，提綱要求的三方面內(nèi)容都寫(xiě)到了，文字簡(jiǎn)潔，層次清楚，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤比較少。寫(xiě)得好的句子如：You can’t imagine how happy I was when…，I am counting the days，I bet they will be as happy as I am ...，Remember me to your parents等。

　　不足之處主要有兩方面：

　　1. 文章的組織不夠嚴(yán)密，尤其是第2段。第1句講，我給你的假期做了一個(gè)安排，接

　　下去第3句講上海非常摩登，然后講購(gòu)物，再下去才講觀光。這樣寫(xiě)，很難看出講上海非常摩登的那3句話(huà)與假期安排有什么關(guān)系。試看修改后的文字：I have drawn up a schedule for your holiday. As you haven’t been to Shanghai before, I guess the first thing you’d like to do is to make a tour of the city. You will find it hard to believe your eyes when you see it, for it is very modern now. So first, we will go sightseeing …。內(nèi)容和文字基本上都是原來(lái)的，只是把句子的次序調(diào)整了一下， 將原先的一些簡(jiǎn)單句適當(dāng)加以合并，把主從關(guān)系明確起來(lái)，把觀光的內(nèi)容提到購(gòu)物前面，文章的邏輯性就大大改善了。所以我們寫(xiě)文章，不僅要有內(nèi)容，還要想辦法把這些內(nèi)容組織好。寫(xiě)完之后，自己要多讀幾遍，發(fā)現(xiàn)有不順的地方，要想辦法修改，直到滿(mǎn)意為止。

　　2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語(yǔ)搭配上都有一些錯(cuò)誤。例如：第2段第3句中you will be hard to

　　believe your eyes應(yīng)改為you will find it hard to believe your eyes。it代表后面的不定式短語(yǔ)to believe your eyes，即：“你會(huì)覺(jué)得to believe your eyes這個(gè)事有困難”，按原來(lái)的寫(xiě)法，就變成“你這個(gè)人困難”了。這一類(lèi)句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的問(wèn)題一定要搞清楚，否則，要提高寫(xiě)作能力就很困難。詞語(yǔ)搭配上，arranged a schedule應(yīng)改為drawn up a schedule, worked out a schedule, made up a schedule 或made out a schedule。arrange的意思是make plans for something to happen， 所以我們可以講arrange a meeting, arrange a trip, arrange an appointment等等，但一般不說(shuō)arrange a plan, arrange a schedule。還有，go out for shopping應(yīng)改為go (out) shopping或do (some) shopping; go some sight-seeings應(yīng)改為go sightseeing， 此處sightseeing不是動(dòng)詞，前面不可加some，后面也不可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾“-s”。另外，由于such as前面沒(méi)有表示景點(diǎn)的詞，所以后面也不能直接接Yu Yuan Garden和the People’s Square。

　　先將原文作適當(dāng)修改，供讀者參考：

　　You can’t imagine how happy I was when I heard that you would come to visit me. We haven’t seen each other for a long time, so I am counting the days now.

　　I have drawn up a schedule for your holiday. As you haven’t been to Shanghai before, I guess the first thing you’d like to do is to make a tour of the city. You will find it hard to believe your eyes when you see it, for it is very modern now. So first, we will go sightseeing, such as visiting Yu Yuan Garden and the People’s Square. Then we will do some shopping. If you like, we can go and see some old friends. I bet they will be as happy as I am to see you. What do you think of the suggestions I have made above? If there is anything unsuitable, we can talk about it when you arrive. OK ?

　　By the way, don’t forget to bring some warm clothes with you, because it is a little bit colder here in Shanghai than in Sichuan.

　　Remember me to your parents.

　　8 points

　　I’m very glad that you will come to see me during the week-long holiday. We have not seen each other for two years. So this time we can spend the holiday together will make me so happy.

　　Since you left Shanghai two years ago, Shanghai has changed a lot. The city is more beautiful and buildings are higher. You will surely superise the changes. I have helped you to make some arrangments during the holiday. We can go shopping in Naijing Road which is the best road of Shanghai. We can go to people’s square and history museum to visit. We can also visit the JingMao Building which is the highest building of China. Shanghai has many new and good place we can visit. The time table of vist we can make when you come. What do you think of my advice.

　　評(píng)析

　　這篇文章切題，條理基本清楚，前后也還連貫。作者基本上能表達(dá)自己的意思，讀者也基本上能看懂。但是，該考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和詞匯的掌握還需要進(jìn)一步提高，文章中句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤較多，有明顯的按中文語(yǔ)序造句的痕跡。如：

　　1. 第1段最后一句so this time we can spend the holiday together will make me so happy

　　中主語(yǔ)從句this time we can spend the holiday together缺了連接詞that,正確的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是(The fact) that we can spend the holiday together this time will make me so happy。當(dāng)然，如果能改成It makes me very happy to think that we can spend the holiday together this time就更好了。

　　2. 第2段第3句You will surely superise the changes應(yīng)改為You will surely be surprised at

　　the changes。 surprise的意思是“使驚奇”，所以，原文的意思變成“你將肯定令變化驚奇”，而不是“你將肯定對(duì)變化感到吃驚”，這樣說(shuō)就不通了。而且在surprise這樣的復(fù)用式單詞上出現(xiàn)了拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。

　　3. 第2段倒數(shù)第2句The time table of visit we can make when you come的次序不符合

　　英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，應(yīng)改成We can make / set up a timetable when you come。

　　另外，該考生在詞的拼寫(xiě)、大小寫(xiě)、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)以及介詞的用法上也出現(xiàn)了各種各

　　樣的錯(cuò)誤，說(shuō)明其英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)還不夠扎實(shí)，不夠全面，還需要相當(dāng)大的努力才能趕上。

　　先將原文作適當(dāng)修改，供讀者參考：

　　I’m very glad that you will come to see me during the weeklong holiday. We have not seen each other for two years. It makes me very happy to think that we can spend the holiday together this time.

　　Shanghai has changed a lot since you left it two years ago. The city is more beautiful and new high-rises are springing up everywhere. You will surely be surprised / amazed at the changes. I have made some arrangements for your holiday. We can go shopping in Nanjing Road, which is the business center of Shanghai. We can go to the People’s Square and visit the History Museum. We can also visit Jinmao Building, which is the highest building in China. Many other new and wonderful places are also worth visiting. We can set up a timetable when you come. What do you think of it ?

　　By the way, you should telephone me before you set off for Shanghai. I will meet you at the railway station. I’m looking forward to your arrival.

　　5 points

　　I have known you will come to Shanghai. Three years ago, you went to the England. From then, we haven’t meet with each other. I welcome that you can return your country.

　　From your letter, I have known you have a week-long holiday. There is a great change in Shanghai. I think you must be feel surprised with what you see. So I advise you visit some place, that we often went ago. And you can visit some old-classmates. They also mise you very much.

　　If you don’t want to hotel, you can live in my home. You’d better buy a map. I’m afraid you will be at a lost. But even if you can’t find bus stop, you still can go to anywhere by taxi. I hope you will have an unforgetable holiday.

　　評(píng)析

　　這篇作文雖也基本切題，但由于語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤很多，且多為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤，使得作者無(wú)法把思想表達(dá)清楚，文章的連貫性自然也很差，只能得5分。像這樣的考生，在寫(xiě)的能力上與大綱要求還有相當(dāng)大的距離，須花大氣力迎頭趕上。

　　2 points

　　I’m very happy for your coming.

　　It’s time for us to visit Shanghai. We can go to popular-squire. It has been great changed since you visited last time. You will surprise for its beauty. Then we can visit Shang Museum. That is interstring. And you can go to Nanjin-road. It is very boom and you can shopping there. We will play very happily during the week-long holiday.

　　You don’t forget to dail me. And tell me what’s the data, time you coming, where I can pick up your. Don’t carry any-thing because I have ready for all. When coming, you should stay station or we will miss. Remember all above.

　　I’m wait for your coming. When meeting you, I’ll talk you dital.

　　評(píng)析

　　這篇作文條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎，大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤�？梢哉f(shuō)，像這樣的考生，在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)上還沒(méi)有入門(mén)，必須從頭開(kāi)始，狠抓基本功，盡快補(bǔ)上這門(mén)課。

　　這篇短信寫(xiě)作是2001年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試的作文題目。這次的寫(xiě)作與以往有點(diǎn)不同，題目的要求非常具體。命題者的意圖很清楚，即盡可能減少考生用于構(gòu)思的時(shí)間，同時(shí)也避免少數(shù)考生預(yù)先猜題，東拼西湊撈分的可能性，從而更真實(shí)地反映考生實(shí)際的語(yǔ)言能力和作文水平。今后的作文命題可能會(huì)擺脫老的套式，題型會(huì)不斷變化，使其新穎多樣。這樣做，將更好地引導(dǎo)廣大師生遵從語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律，在基礎(chǔ)階段扎實(shí)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)詞匯、語(yǔ)法，徹底擺脫應(yīng)試教育的影響，使大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)沿著更加科學(xué)、更加高效的道路向前發(fā)展。

　　從以上的幾份樣卷可以看出，高分段的考生英語(yǔ)詞匯、語(yǔ)法掌握得比較扎實(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)正確，詞語(yǔ)搭配和使用符合英美人的習(xí)慣，沒(méi)有或很少有語(yǔ)法和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。換言之，他們已經(jīng)有很好的語(yǔ)感，而這種語(yǔ)感的獲得是靠大量的讀、聽(tīng)、寫(xiě)的練習(xí)積累起來(lái)的，絕不是靠做幾套模擬題所能奏效的。低分段的考生在句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法、用詞、拼寫(xiě)上會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣稀奇古怪的錯(cuò)誤，究其根本原因是沒(méi)有好好學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。有些大學(xué)要求學(xué)生認(rèn)真熟讀課文，進(jìn)而背誦課文，只有這樣學(xué)生作文水平才能迅速提高；還有一些大學(xué)要求更高，不但要讀、要背，還要每周或隔周寫(xiě)作，不僅學(xué)生寫(xiě)，老師還要改、要講評(píng)，收效就更好了。希望今后在寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練上要增加投入，師生攜手，共同努力，使大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作水平再上一個(gè)臺(tái)階。