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新托福綜合作文高分

新托福綜合作文高分

  在綜合作文考核過(guò)程中,學(xué)生需要首先閱讀230-300字左右的閱讀文章,然后聽(tīng)取同題材的230-300字的聽(tīng)力材料,而考生需要完成的寫作任務(wù)就是要以作文的形式討論和分析聽(tīng)力材料與閱讀材料在觀點(diǎn)上的異同和以何種方式表現(xiàn)這種異同點(diǎn)。對(duì)于考試的目的“托福代考官方指南”(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“指南”)中明確的定義:“this task gives you the opportunity to demonstrate your ability to show that you can communicate in writing about academic information you have read and listened to.”綜合分析考試模式和“指南”中的考核目的后,綜合作文主要有以下兩方面考點(diǎn),一是綜合作文首先考察的是考生在相對(duì)緊張和苛刻的條件下是否有能力把握文字和聽(tīng)力材料所表述的內(nèi)容,并對(duì)兩者有正確的判斷,也即是the academic information you have read and listened to;而另一個(gè)考核點(diǎn)則是考生能夠?qū)⑺@得的信息用準(zhǔn)確和具有邏輯性的書面語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái),也即是your ability to show that you can communicate in writing.所以綜合以上兩點(diǎn)考核的目標(biāo),那么我們所謂的把握綜合寫作的得分點(diǎn),重心自然就落在這兩個(gè)任務(wù)的achievement上。

  1. “寧可錯(cuò)殺,絕不放過(guò)”

  在“指南”中同時(shí)還提到在考生的作文中需要包括聽(tīng)力材料中的具體觀點(diǎn)和以及采用怎么樣的方式對(duì)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋和說(shuō)明。(the specific ideas, explanations, and arguments in the lecture that oppose or challenge points in the reading.)這一要求告訴我們考核方希望作文中能夠?qū)⒙?tīng)力材料中的觀點(diǎn)作為出發(fā)點(diǎn),詳細(xì)并清晰的表述其與閱讀材料的異同點(diǎn)。這一要求是綜合寫作的重點(diǎn),“指南”中在明確提出高分作文(4-5分)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要考生必須完整并正確的分析了聽(tīng)力和閱讀材料中所有的相應(yīng)觀點(diǎn),也即所謂的“踩點(diǎn)給分”,所以,建議考生必須注意在一開(kāi)始讀閱讀材料時(shí)就要預(yù)估可能會(huì)在聽(tīng)力材料中出現(xiàn)的信息點(diǎn),在聽(tīng)材料的時(shí)候更要把握每一個(gè)相關(guān)的信息,做到“寧可錯(cuò)殺,絕不放過(guò)”。當(dāng)然,需要注意的是,這里的要求是完整并正確的,考生切忌在這里提出自己的觀點(diǎn),或根據(jù)閱讀材料盲目臆斷聽(tīng)力中的觀點(diǎn)。

  2. “清晰工整的文章結(jié)構(gòu)”

  在“代考”中明確提到,出題方希望考生能夠在開(kāi)始作文前,重讀閱讀文章并通過(guò)和聽(tīng)力筆記的對(duì)比,完成一份簡(jiǎn)單的提綱性材料。(before you start writing, briefly reread the passage, consult your notes, and make a very brief outline of the points you wish to make.)因此,我們很清楚的能夠看出,出題方對(duì)于考生提出的第一個(gè)最基本的要求是希望考生能夠給出的是一篇結(jié)構(gòu)清晰和合理的作文,而這一點(diǎn)在之后的范文分析上能夠更清楚的得到肯定,在“指南”所給出的五分范文的評(píng)價(jià)中,很明確的表示了對(duì)于工整和清晰的文章結(jié)構(gòu)的贊賞,(the writer is very specific and has organized his points so that they are parallel with one another: in each of the supporting paragraphs, the lecturer’s observation of what really happened is given first, then explicitly connected to a theoretical point from the reading.)可能會(huì)被部分考生嗤之以鼻的對(duì)仗式的“八股”文章結(jié)構(gòu)則在考官眼中則恰恰體現(xiàn)了考生思路的清晰。因此,我們得出第一個(gè)綜合寫作的得分點(diǎn)即是“結(jié)構(gòu)清晰工整”,建議考生在考前需要對(duì)于可能出現(xiàn)的文章結(jié)構(gòu)(聽(tīng)讀材料觀點(diǎn)相似或相悖)作充分的練習(xí)準(zhǔn)備,準(zhǔn)備好屬于自己的結(jié)構(gòu)模板。

  3. “語(yǔ)言精準(zhǔn)”,“表達(dá)連貫”

  仔細(xì)閱讀“指南”,我們不難看出,綜合作文對(duì)于語(yǔ)言的要求遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于對(duì)文章內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)的要求,考核方對(duì)考生提出的要求僅僅為用完整的句子表達(dá)內(nèi)容(write in full english sentences)。這一要求當(dāng)然是為了防止有個(gè)別考生曲解題目的意思而將聽(tīng)力與閱讀材料中的相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)以羅列的方式體現(xiàn)出來(lái),同時(shí),我們通過(guò)進(jìn)一步體會(huì)也不難發(fā)現(xiàn),在綜合作文部分,對(duì)于希望獲得高分的考生,考核方的確并未對(duì)考生的語(yǔ)言專業(yè)化能力設(shè)定過(guò)高的門檻,希望考生能夠完成的是準(zhǔn)確并連貫的完成所有表達(dá)(coherent and accurate presentations of each point that you make)同時(shí)允許個(gè)別的對(duì)理解全文不構(gòu)成影響的拼寫,單詞使用和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(occasional language errors will not count against you as long as they do not cause you to misrepresent the meaning of points from the reading and the lecture.)。這一點(diǎn)在“指南”所給出的5分范文的評(píng)價(jià)中同樣得到了印證。同時(shí),考核方對(duì)于拼寫失誤尤其寬容,認(rèn)為考生所給出的作文屬于初稿級(jí)別(first draft),因此允許部分打字過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的筆誤現(xiàn)象。同時(shí),“指南”中未曾提及對(duì)于考生用詞難度的考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn),由此可見(jiàn)該部分作文對(duì)于所謂的“正式書面語(yǔ)”的要求并不很高,故此,提醒考生在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)這一得分點(diǎn)上,考生更應(yīng)注意“語(yǔ)言的精準(zhǔn)性”和“表達(dá)的連貫邏輯性”兩個(gè)部分。

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