◆◇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
a.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：重復(fù)發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作和真理。
搭配的時(shí)間副詞：always often frequently usually sometimes every day every week every month occasionally once a month once a month once a year seldom rarely never
examples：
she goes shopping every week.
he reads business news every morning.
he seldom goes dancing.
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
susan loves chocolate.
b.表示一種狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)
examples:
this tastes very good.
i don’t believe my eyes.
i need a car.
i hate this music.
c.在講述一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的故事時(shí)，有時(shí)可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的一系列事情。-this use is called the“historical present”.如在看圖說話一類題時(shí)經(jīng)常用到這一點(diǎn)。
examples:
一個(gè)美國(guó)人描述他到中國(guó)旅游的經(jīng)歷
my friend and i arrive at the capital air port in beijing on the morning of may 25 th , 1993. robert comes to meet with us in a taxi, and we drive to what is to be our apartment for nearly three. week. the drive is culture shock number one. we see people everywhere. also, beijing seems to be more modern than its has been written in all the books on china i have read. my friend and i are extremely astonished by the number of bicycles on the road, truly the kingdom of bicycles.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：
a.正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
常用的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作：(right)now at the(this)moment at present
examples：
robert is teaching at this moment。
mendel is working on the first draft of his essay。
i’m looking for my umbrella right now.
he’s enjoying a holiday right now.
b.表達(dá)在現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行。
常用的時(shí)間副詞：these days nowadays today this semester/quarter this week/month/year
examples:
he’s relaxing this week.
he’s working as a librarian this semester.
c.對(duì)一類經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情所表達(dá)的強(qiáng)烈情感
常用的時(shí)間副詞：always forever constantly
examples:
he’s always complaining.(他怎么總是抱怨。)
you’re always dancing.(你怎么總是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。)
◆◇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
表達(dá)的動(dòng)作不表明動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始或已進(jìn)行了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
examples:
helen and tom are happily married.
bruce listens to the news every morning.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
a.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,但句子總是表明動(dòng)作是什么時(shí)候開始的。
examples:
helen and tom have been happily married since their wedding day 60 years ago.
bruce has listened to the news all his life without missing a day.
b.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞: for and since
for:表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間。如:for two minutes/weeks/years；for several days/a long time/the past month而在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不能與之連用。since:表示動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始的.如:since 6:00/apr. 23/last week /the accident
◆◇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但不表明動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)候開始的。
examples:
he is waiting over there.
matthew is study chinese in beijing.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
a.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去開始的并且現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
examples:
he has been waiting over there since 2:00.
for the last three months, matthew has been studying chinese.
b.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)進(jìn)行了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間并且剛剛完成了的動(dòng)作。
examples:
oh, there you are! i have been looking for you everywhere.
c.與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)搭配的時(shí)間副詞:
since, for, all/week/month/year, in the past week/few months/few years, recently, lately
◆◇現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：可表明發(fā)生動(dòng)作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。
examples:
he has tried to pass the exam twice.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：不表明發(fā)生動(dòng)作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。
examples:
he has been trying to pass the exam all month.
◆◇一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
一般過去時(shí):
a.表示一個(gè)過去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
與之搭配的時(shí)間副詞:yesterday, last week, last year, at 5:30
examples:
last week i went swimming with tom.
b.表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。
與之搭配的時(shí)間副詞:last year, last weekend, last month.有時(shí)用this weekend, this year
examples:
i went to canada twice this year.
i attended a wedding party this weekend.
c.表示已完成的過去的一段活動(dòng)
examples:
our family owned that house for generations. (we don’t own it now.)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
a.表示過去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作但其發(fā)生的時(shí)間不確切或不知道。
常用的時(shí)間副詞有:ever, never, yet, still, already
examples:
linda still hasn’t finished her assignment.
stanley has already gotten bored with the life here in toronto.
have you ever gone to paris?
b.表示過去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,其發(fā)生的時(shí)間仍在持續(xù)。
常用的時(shí)間副詞有:this week/weekend/month/year; in the past ten years; in my life; today
examples:
i have gone to the post office twice today.
eric has taken several courses this year.
c.表示現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,已知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生的時(shí)間和持續(xù)的時(shí)間。
examples:
our family has owned that house for generations. (we own it now.)
◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
a.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
examples:
my brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.
my neighbor’s dog was barking at 3:00 this morning.
b.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去同一時(shí)間兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
與之常用的時(shí)間副詞:while, as
examples;
robert was moving the lawn while susan was fixing the car.
as michael was visiting paris, robert was teaching english classes in beijing.
◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)
二者的區(qū)別在于過去將來時(shí)表示在過去打算做,但是沒有做的動(dòng)作.而一般過去時(shí)表示為什么沒有做的原因。
examples:
i was going to become a rock star but i didn’t know the right people in the music business.
◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)
二者的區(qū)別在于過去完成時(shí)表示在過去的過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
examples:
mary was hungry because she hadn’t eaten breakfast.
charlie lost his way to the hotel although he had been there a few days earlier.
i realized that i hadn’t eaten a single french fry since i started my diet.
◆◇過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
二者經(jīng)�；煊�,其最主要區(qū)別在于過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間“以前”正在所發(fā)生或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作.而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間的“前后”正在發(fā)生或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。
examples:
he had been doing a good job for us until he got a job offer from another company. (he stopped doing a good job for us.)
he was doing a good job for us when another company offered him a job. (perhaps he stopped–or perhaps he continued.
he took their offer because we hadn’t been paying him so well.
he took their offer because we weren’t paying him very well. (his wage then was not high enough)
◆◇過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)
二者的區(qū)別在于過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不能同某一確定的數(shù)量或次數(shù)連在一起,而過去完成時(shí)能夠連在一起。
examples:
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)- -he said he had been losing a lot of weight.
過去完成時(shí)- -he said he had lost 20 ponds.
◆◇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在時(shí)間和條件從句當(dāng)中表示刑事處分將來時(shí)的動(dòng)作。
examples:
as soon as i save enough money i’ll buy a big house.
when he gets back home he will phone a friend in new york.
if it rains tomorrow we will cancel the camping trip.