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首頁 > 考試輔導(dǎo) > 外語考試 > 英語詞匯 > 高考英語詞匯 > 2008高考必背英語詞匯講座-L字頭

2008高考必背英語詞匯講座-L字頭

1、lone, lonely, lonesome, alone

  這組詞都有“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”之意。

  lone:“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的,無依無靠的”,該詞(在詩歌中)可替代lonely或lonesome。she could see a lone figure on the deserted beach walking to and fro.她看到一個(gè)孤寂的人影在荒涼的海灘上走來走去。in that cloudy sky only one lone star could be seen.在那多云的天空中,只能看見孤零零的一顆星。

  lonely:“孤單的,寂寞的“,但更強(qiáng)調(diào)指渴望陪伴的孤獨(dú)感受。a lonely young sailor felt sorry for himself because his girlfriend no longer loved him.孤獨(dú)的青年海員由于女友不再愛他而非常傷心。he spent many lonely days on the deserted island before that attractive girl appeared.在那個(gè)有魅力的女孩出現(xiàn)之前,他在那個(gè)荒島上度過了許多寂寞的日子。

  lonesome : "無伴的,獨(dú)居的",通常明確的表達(dá)分別或喪偶后的孤寂卑涼,含義較為痛切。the house she had always thought of as overcrowded was lonesome when her children grew up andwent out on their own.先前她認(rèn)為這屋子過于擁擠,但當(dāng)其子女出去獨(dú)立生活后,顯得孤寂。you must keep up your spirits, mother, and not be lonesome because i'm not at home.你一定要打起精神,媽媽,不要因?yàn)槲也辉诩叶陡衅鄾觥?/p>

2、location, position, situation, spot

  這一組詞都有“位置,地點(diǎn)”之意。

  location:“位置,場(chǎng)所,場(chǎng)地”,指某物所處的固定但也許并不明確的位置,也可指找到的或可加以利用的場(chǎng)地。還可解作“定位,測(cè)位選址”,如:industrial location工業(yè)選址。the location of the missing plane can hardly be identified without more detailed information.如果沒有更詳盡的信息,失蹤飛機(jī)所處的位置就很難確定。the location is exceptionally poor, viewed from a sanitation point, so julia had to devote hertime to finding suitable location for a new school.從衛(wèi)生角度來看,這個(gè)地段非常糟糕,所以朱利亞不得不花時(shí)間找一處適于建新學(xué)校的地點(diǎn)。

  position:“方位,地點(diǎn),位置”,通常是指某物所處的實(shí)際或相對(duì)的位置,適用于具體及抽象的事物,想象中或?qū)嶋H存在的東西;因此還可解作“社會(huì)地位,職務(wù),見解,立場(chǎng),姿態(tài)”等。can you show me the position of the school on the map?你能指給我那學(xué)校在地圖上的位置嗎?before the invention of the timing devices they told the time by the position of the sun.在計(jì)時(shí)器發(fā)明之前,他們根據(jù)太陽的位置來判斷時(shí)間。

  situation:“地點(diǎn),位置,場(chǎng)合”,它所指的地點(diǎn)更注重考慮周的環(huán)境,還指抽象的對(duì)某人或社會(huì)有影響的條件、事實(shí)、事件的總和,因此可以解作“境況、形勢(shì)、局勢(shì)、處境”等。常用短語:cope/ do with the situation應(yīng)付當(dāng)前情況:save the situation挽回局勢(shì)。despite the fact that he's only a boy of nine, he could manage to deal with the new situation.盡管他還是個(gè)九歲的小男孩,他卻能設(shè)法對(duì)付新情況。the situation of the camp was chosen with respect to its healthfulness and its nearness to thecity.這個(gè)營地位置的選擇考慮到了有益于健康而且離城市近的原則。

  spot:“地點(diǎn),現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”,指范圍清楚的特定地點(diǎn),也可指事件或行為的發(fā)生地,具有較強(qiáng)的“有限空間意義”,如:a historic/ scenic spot古跡/ 風(fēng)景名勝。常用詞組:on the spot 當(dāng)場(chǎng)。she was probably mad with hunger and thirst in that lonely hot spot.在那炎熱孤寂的地方,她很可能因?yàn)橛逐I又渴而幾近發(fā)瘋。the police were on the spot within a few minutes of hearing about the crime.獲悉該項(xiàng)犯罪后幾分鐘,警察即趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

3、later, latter

  later是late的比較級(jí)形式,意為“后來的(地)”,通常用在表示時(shí)間單位的詞組后,表示“……以后”的意思,此外還通常用在一些習(xí)語中。例如:two days later, we proved these facts to be correct. 兩天以后,我們證明了這些事實(shí)是正確的。he reached the stations 5 minutes later. 他晚到車站五分鐘。sooner or later 總有一天,遲早later on 今后,以后

  latter是一原級(jí)形容詞,主要有三種意義:1).表示“后面的,后半的,末了的”之意;2).與定冠詞the連用,表示“后者”,與the former相對(duì);3).“最近的,現(xiàn)今的”。例如:the latter half of the month 后半月,下半月the latter part of the year 一年中后一段時(shí)期of the two the latter is far better than the former.兩者中后者比前者好得多。he has been at home in these latter days.在最近的這些日子里,他一直呆在家里。

4、lay, lie

  這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞在變形時(shí),往往引起混淆。

  lay主要用作及物動(dòng)詞,基本意思為“放”,還可有一些引申意義。它的過去式和過去分詞是laid,現(xiàn)在分詞是laying。例如:please lay the book on the table.請(qǐng)把書放在桌上。the road is laid with asphalt.這條路是用柏油鋪成的。these hens lay eggs every day.這些母雞天天下蛋。we should lay stress on our pronunciation.我們應(yīng)該重視我們的發(fā)音。

  lie是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,它有兩種意義和用法:1).意為“平躺;平放;位于”時(shí),過去式為lay, 過去分詞為lain; 2).意為:“撒謊”時(shí),過去式和過去分詞是lied。例如:don't lie in bed all morning.不要一早上都躺在床上。he lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受陽光。korea lies to the east of china.朝鮮位于中國東面。you are lying.你在撒謊。he lied to me.他對(duì)我撒謊。

5、leave out, leave off

  這兩個(gè)短語動(dòng)詞由leave加副詞構(gòu)成,在句中均作謂語,它們的意義有區(qū)別。

  leave out主要有下列幾種意義:1).省去,略去;2).遺漏;3).沒有考慮到。例如:we must decide what to leave out and what to leave in. 我們必須決定取舍。please complete this check properly. the date has been left out. 請(qǐng)將這張支票填完整,日期被漏掉了。we left out the possibility of his coming. 我們沒考慮到他會(huì)來。

  leave off則主要表示下列兩種意義:1).停止,中斷;2).不再穿,不再使用。例如:leave off talking!別講話了!they leave off work at 4:30 p.m. 他們下午四點(diǎn)半下班。it is warm enough for you to leave off your woolen sweater. 天這么熱,可以脫下你的絨線衣了。

6、living, alive, live, lively

  這四個(gè)形容詞均是live派生出的,但它們的意義和用法均不一樣。

  living有三種意義和用法:1).表示“活著的,尤指現(xiàn)存的”,可以指人,也可指物。在句中作表語或定語;作定語時(shí),可前置也可后置。2).表示某人,某物與另一個(gè)人或一物“一模一樣,逼真的”之意。3).相當(dāng)于形容詞lively,表示“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”之意。例如:a living language should be learned orally. 一種活的語言應(yīng)該通過口語來學(xué)習(xí)。no man living could do better. 當(dāng)代的人沒有一個(gè)能做得比這好的了。shelly was still living when keats died. 濟(jì)慈死時(shí),雪萊還活著。he's the living image of his father. 他跟他父親長(zhǎng)得一模一樣。we have a living hope that you will succeed. 我們強(qiáng)烈地希望你成功。

  alive多用作表語,多用于人,表示“活著的”的意思,還可引申為其他意義;間或也作定語,只能放在被修飾詞的后面。例如:is she still alive?她還活著嗎?they are the happiest children alive.他們是當(dāng)代最幸福的孩子們。an enemy officer was caught alive.一名敵軍官被活捉了。the lake is alive with fish.湖里魚多得很。

  live作形容詞時(shí)讀作/laiv/, 只用于物,作定語,基本意義是“活的”,這時(shí)可用living替代。它還有很多引申意義。例如:this is a live fish/ mouse.這是一條活魚(一只活老鼠)。don't play with live coals!不要玩燃燒著的煤塊。a live wire is dangerous.通上電的電線很危險(xiǎn)。it was a live broadcast, not a recording.那是實(shí)況廣播,不是錄音廣播。

  lively讀作/laivli/,在句中可作表語或定語,主要表示下列三種意義:1).有生氣的,活潑的,快活的;2).(顏色)鮮明的;3).生動(dòng)的,真實(shí)的。例如:she is as lively as a kitten.她快活得像只小貓。the patient seems a little livelier this morning.那病人今晨似乎好些了。he has lively imagination.他有豐富的想象力。what lively colors!多么鮮明的色彩。he gave a lively description of the football game.他對(duì)這場(chǎng)足球賽進(jìn)行了生動(dòng)的描述。

7、learn, study

  learn為“學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)會(huì)”,側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的成果,指從不知到知,從不會(huì)到會(huì)的學(xué)習(xí),強(qiáng)調(diào)通過學(xué)習(xí)去獲得知識(shí)和技能,它沒有憑勤奮努力而獲得知識(shí)的意味。learn亦可指向某人學(xué)習(xí),從某處學(xué)習(xí)及學(xué)習(xí)一門技能等。如 learn music, learn new words, learn to skate, learn from experience, learn from leifeng。

  study為“學(xué)習(xí),研究”,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的過程,指深入系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí),帶有努力,勤奮的意味。其學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)象往往是科學(xué),藝術(shù)和需要深入探討,研究的問題及學(xué)科,不是單純地獲得技巧。如:study medicine,study science, study a map, study engineering, study painting。下列句子中的learn 和 study均不能互換:if you study hard, you'll learn the language well. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話,你會(huì)把這門語言學(xué)好。he learned traditional chinese medicine from a famous chinese doctor. 他跟隨一位著名的中國醫(yī)生學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)。she studied late at night.她晚上學(xué)習(xí)到很晚。he is studying the problem of x-rays.他正在研究x射線的問題。

  在指某學(xué)科的“學(xué)習(xí)”時(shí),或在不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者的區(qū)別時(shí), learn 和study可以換用。如:how long have you learned/ studied japanese?你學(xué)習(xí)日語有多久了?we must keep on learning/ studying if we do not want to lag behind the times. 如果我們不想落在時(shí)代后面的話,就必須不斷學(xué)習(xí)。

8、long for, for long

  long for是一用作及物意義的動(dòng)、介型短語動(dòng)詞,表示“渴望,極想得到”的意思。其后可接名詞,代詞作賓語。例如:the children are longing for the festival.孩子們渴望節(jié)日來臨。we long for a chance to visit yanan.我們渴望有機(jī)會(huì)訪問延安。

  for long中的for是介詞,long是名詞,一起作介詞短語用,在句中充當(dāng)狀語,通常用于否定句、疑問句、條件句或否定意義的句子中。意為“很久,長(zhǎng)久”。例如:he will not remain for long.他不會(huì)呆得太久。will you be away for long?你要離開很久嗎? 

9、lecture, speech

  lecture作“演講,講課”解,指有準(zhǔn)備的專題演講,尤指學(xué)術(shù)性講演及高等學(xué)校教師的講課。它常和動(dòng)詞give, read, hear, attend, receive連用,當(dāng)它用于give sb. a lecture結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),指“訓(xùn)斥某人”。如:they received lecture on technique. (指聽演講)he gave a lecture on the war in english. (指作演講)father gave me a lecture for smoking. (指訓(xùn)斥)

  speech作“說話,演講”解,系普通用語,除指有聲的語言外,又泛指為聽眾而作的講,可以是有準(zhǔn)備的正式講話,也可以是無準(zhǔn)備的非正式的講話。它常和動(dòng)詞give, make, hear, prepare, understand等連用。如:i was quite unprepared to make a speech.by your speech i can tell you're from london.he gave a speech about good manners to the whole school.

10、live on, live by

  live on有三種意義和用法:1).后接人、錢、工資,表示“依靠這些人或錢物養(yǎng)活”的意思;2).后接各種食物的名稱,表示“以……為主食”的意思; 3).作不及物動(dòng)詞用,表示“繼續(xù)生存下去,永存”之意。例如:jim's father was living on his friends.吉姆的父親靠他的朋友生活。my uncle lives happily on his pension.我伯父靠退休金生活得很幸福。most of the asians live on rice.多數(shù)亞洲人以大米為食。sheep live on grass.羊以草為食。the scientist's name will live on from generation to generation. 這位科學(xué)家的名字將流芳百世。

  live by有兩種意義和用法:1. 后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,表示“以某種方式或手段過活”之意;2. 后接地點(diǎn)名詞,表示“住在……附近”之意。例如:they live by honest labor.他們靠正當(dāng)?shù)膭趧?dòng)生活。smith lives by writing for a small magazine.史密斯靠給一家小雜志社寫稿來維持生活。we live by the east lake.我們住在東湖旁邊。