1、take a chair, take the chair
take a chair是"拿一把椅子" 坐一會(huì)兒"的意思。例如：he has just taken a chair into the room.他剛才拿了一把椅子進(jìn)了房間。won't you take a chair?你請(qǐng)坐一會(huì)兒，好嗎？
take the chair是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語，表示"擔(dān)任主席，主持會(huì)議"的意思當(dāng)然，在一定場(chǎng)合，它也可以表示"拿（這）把椅子"的意思。例如：we hope you will be so kind as to take the chair.希望你會(huì)樂意主持這次會(huì)議。who took the chair at the conference?那次會(huì)議誰擔(dān)任主席？please take the chair out.請(qǐng)把這把椅子搬出去。
2、take...as, take...for
這兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)短語都是指"把...看作，把...當(dāng)作"的意思，但含義有所不同。
take...as是一般地看待某人或某物，相當(dāng)于regard...as。例如：they take us as little kids who count for nothing.他們把我們看作是無足輕重的孩子。we mustn't take success and failure as a personal matter.我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)把成敗看作是個(gè)人的事。
take...for有把某物或者人錯(cuò)看成或錯(cuò)當(dāng)成的含義。例如：at first they took him for a foreigner. several months later, they came to know he is a true chinese.開始他們都把他當(dāng)成外國人，幾個(gè)月后，他們才知道他是一個(gè)真正的中國人。do you take me for a fool who believes that tale?你是不是把我看成個(gè)傻瓜，以為我竟會(huì)相信那種謊言？
3、take note, take note of, take notes (of)
take note是動(dòng)名型短語動(dòng)詞，可用作不及物或及物動(dòng)詞。作前者時(shí)，一般獨(dú)立使用；作后者時(shí)，通常其后接不定式或that從句。其意義和作用相當(dāng)于take care,即表示"注意，留心"的意思。例如：take note, keep children away from the water's edge.注意，勿讓孩子在水邊逗留。take note not to wake the baby.留神，別把孩子吵醒了。please take note that this city is in the north, not in the south of china.請(qǐng)注意，這座城市是在華北，不是在華南。
take note of是動(dòng)名介型短語動(dòng)詞，作及物動(dòng)詞用，其后須跟名詞，代詞等作賓語，其作用和意義相當(dāng)于pay attention to。例如：your remarks have been taken careful note of, and i hope we'll soon reply to each of them in detail.你的講話已受到充分注意，我想不久以后逐一詳細(xì)答復(fù)。nobody took any note of the old man's death.沒有誰注意到那老人死了。
take notes表示"記筆記"的意思，用作不及物動(dòng)詞；take notes of意為"把...記下來"，其后須跟所記下的內(nèi)容，作賓語。例如：he spoke so rapidly that it was difficult to take notes without missing something of what he said.他講得太快，要把他的話毫無遺漏地記錄下來是困難的。do you take notes of the lectures?你聽課記筆記嗎？since there was no textbook for the course, his students had to take detailed notes of everything the professor said.由于這個(gè)課程沒有課本，學(xué)生們只好詳細(xì)記錄教授的講課內(nèi)容。
4、take the place of, take place
take the place of是"代替"的意思。若所代替的對(duì)象是代詞，則通常采用take one's place的形式。例如：electronic computers have taken the place of thousands of working people.電子計(jì)算機(jī)代替了千萬個(gè)人的勞動(dòng)。last night, our monitor didn't come and i was asked to take his place.昨晚我們班長(zhǎng)未到，大家要我代替他。
take place表示"發(fā)生，舉行"的意思，是不及物短語動(dòng)詞，不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。它僅用于歷史上的事件，集會(huì)等，而不用于地震等自然界的現(xiàn)象。它�？膳chappen換用。例如：in 1919,the may 4th movement took place in china.1919年，中國爆發(fā)了五四運(yùn)動(dòng)。battle after battle took place in which the enemy suffered heavy losses.戰(zhàn)斗一個(gè)接一個(gè)地進(jìn)行，在這些戰(zhàn)斗中敵人蒙受了重大損失.
5、tell...of, tell...about, tell...from
tell...of和tell...about中的動(dòng)詞tell后須接表示人的名詞或代詞，介詞of和about后接談到的情況或內(nèi)容，這兩個(gè)詞組在一般情況下可以換用。但在表示提起某事時(shí)，傾向于tell...of,在表示詳細(xì)地講述有關(guān)情況時(shí)，傾向于用tell...about。例如：she told us of / about the difficulties she had met with in her work.她給我們談了談她在工作中碰到的困難。we must tell them of/ about our decision.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把我們的決定告訴他們。he told us about the present situation.他給我們談了當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)。
tell...from表示對(duì)好壞，優(yōu)劣，真假或兩種事物加以 "區(qū)分"的意思。其中tell后的賓語與介詞from后的賓語一般都是一對(duì)相反或相近的意義的詞。例如：can you tell her from her twin sister?你能分得出她和她的孿生姐妹嗎？but through practice one can tell the true from the false.但通過實(shí)踐我們可以區(qū)別真?zhèn)巍?
6、terrified of, terrified at 這兩個(gè)詞組中的terrified均為形容詞化的過去分詞，同連系動(dòng)詞be連用。 terrified of是"害怕"的意思，相當(dāng)于afraid of, 其后可接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞，表示原因。例如：the child was terrified of being left alone in the house.那孩子害怕把他一個(gè)人留在家里。 she was terrified of being killed in an air raid.她很害怕在空襲中被炸死。
terrified at后除可接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞,表示"因聽到（看到）...而害怕"。常有terrified at the thought of/ at the idea of/ at the prospect of, etc.等搭配,即表示"想到...而驚恐，想象...而驚恐，展望...而驚恐"等意思。例如：she was terrified at the deafening explosion.她被那震耳欲聾的爆炸聲嚇了一跳。the old lady was terrified at the thought of crossing such a busy road.老婦人想到要穿過這樣一條繁忙的馬路便感到害怕。
7、title, topic, subject, theme
theme："主題，論題，題目"，指人們?yōu)榱诉M(jìn)行文學(xué)或藝術(shù)方面的論述而選取的主體，如詩的思想，主張，樂曲的主旋律或繪畫的基調(diào)，它與subject, topic的區(qū)別在于它有時(shí)暗示在立意，形式，效果等方面進(jìn)行了比較，如an overworked theme（老生常談的題目）指立意上與別的作品相比并無新意。this is a one-man show of paintings whose theme was the vulgarity of modern life.這是一個(gè)以現(xiàn)代生活的庸俗為主題的個(gè)人畫展。the graduates wrote a number of essays whose theme was man's will-power.研究生們寫了以人類的意志力為主題的一系列論文。
title："標(biāo)題，題目"，指書，繪畫，劇作等創(chuàng)作作品的名稱；還可講作"頭銜，稱呼，權(quán)利"。短語：an essay under the topic of 題為...的文章。例如：it was the book's eye-catching title that helped me make up my mind to buy it.正是這醒目的書名才使我下決心買下這本書。this is a picture that requires no title; i think everyone knows what the author really wants to show.這是一幅無需任何標(biāo)題的圖畫，我相信人人知道作者想展示什么。
topic："話題，題目，主題，論題"，指人們普遍感興趣或?qū)χ钟胁煌^點(diǎn)，因而可供討論的題目，也指為了對(duì)之進(jìn)行獨(dú)特而有創(chuàng)意的論述而選擇的話題，可指整篇作品的主旨，也可指某個(gè)章節(jié)，段落乃至單句包含的要點(diǎn)。the topic of your article is very good, but your spelling and style must be improved.你文章的題目很好，但拼寫及風(fēng)格必須改進(jìn)。i cannot remember in a very long conversation what topic has been touched upon and what has not.我不記得在拖得很長(zhǎng)的談話中什么話題涉及到了，什么沒有涉及。
subject："題目，主題"，在這組詞中詞義最廣，最不確切，泛指在某一范圍內(nèi)的主題，以及取舍并處理某種材料的指導(dǎo)原則，涉及面廣，概括性強(qiáng)，一般包括若干topic。例如：when someone rang at the door, he was doing research on the subject matter which would be under discussion in his next day's philosophy class.有人按門鈴的時(shí)候，他還在為第二天哲學(xué)課所討論的主題尋找資料。he chose "a reform in teaching methods" as the subject of his lecture.他選擇"教學(xué)方法的改革"作為講話的題目。
8、though, although
這兩個(gè)詞都有"雖然"之意，均不能與but連用，但可加yet, still等詞以加強(qiáng)語氣。
although："盡管，雖然"，只作連詞，較正式，一般情況下可以用though替代。he passed the exam although he had been prevented by illness from some classes.雖然他曾因病耽誤了學(xué)習(xí)，但他考試還是及格了。although he was seriously wounded, he still held out on the battle-field.他雖然身負(fù)重傷，但堅(jiān)持不下火線。
though："雖然，盡管，即使"，還可以與even連用，even though即使，縱然。作副詞時(shí)，一般不能置于句首，譯作："然而，不過"，相當(dāng)于nevertheless。i can see that new york must seem dull to her though the family won't admit it.我看得出來紐約對(duì)她來說一定很單調(diào)乏味，雖然家里人不愿承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。she won't leave the tv set, even though her husband is waiting for his supper.即使丈夫等著吃飯，她也不愿離開電視機(jī)。
9、thoughtful, considerate
這組詞均有"周到的"之意。
considerate："周到的，體貼的"，指對(duì)他人的感情或處境周到，能設(shè)法減輕他人的悲傷或分擔(dān)他人的苦惱。常用句型：it's considerate of sb. to do;常用詞組：be considerate towards / about sb.對(duì)...體貼的。it was very considerate of you not to play the piano while your mother had a bad headache.你在母親頭痛得很厲害時(shí)不彈鋼琴，真是考慮得非常周到。he was too courteous and considerate to make stubborn subordinates bend to his will.他對(duì)人很客氣，體貼，不迫使固執(zhí)的屬下服從他的意愿。
thoughtful："體貼的，關(guān)懷他人的"，指無私地關(guān)心他人，為他人的安逸，舒適著想，能推測(cè)了解到別人的愿望或需用。常用句型:it's thoughtful of sb. to do;常用詞組:be thoughtful about/ for 對(duì)...（考慮）周到的。it was very thoughtful of you to make all the necessary arrangements for us.你們考慮得很周到，為我們做好了一切必要的安排。it was very thoughtful of you to warn me of your arrival.你來之前先通知我，真是考慮周到。
10、thanks for, thanks to
這兩個(gè)短語中的thanks是名詞，實(shí)際上可看作i'd like to express my thanks for/ to...的省略形式。由于它們常用在口語中，尤以簡(jiǎn)潔為宜。
thanks for中的介詞for表示原因。其后須接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，表示"感謝"的緣由。例如：a thousand thanks for your kindness.非常感謝你的善意。well, i must be going now. thanks for your time.我得走了。謝謝你為我花費(fèi)了時(shí)間。
thanks to中的to為介詞。它有兩種意義和用法：一是表示"謝謝"的意義，其介詞to后須接表示人的名稱或代詞，即"謝謝"的對(duì)象；二是作短語介詞用，表示原因，其后須接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞，常譯為"由于，因?yàn)?quot;或"多虧"的意思。例如：you helped me a lot. many thanks to you.你給予了我許多幫助，非常感謝你。it was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game.正是由于你的愚笨害得我們輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。thanks to a good teacher, she passed the exam.多虧有位好老師，她才通過了考試。
11、the reason why, the reason that
這兩個(gè)短語中的why和that分別引導(dǎo)的都是同位語從句，它們均表示"...的理由（或原因）"的意思，兩者可以通用。例如：the reason why/that it should be so is now clear.應(yīng)當(dāng)如此的理由現(xiàn)在清楚了。the reason why/that idealism and metaphysics are held to be obstacles to truth is that they discourage scientific inquiry into truth.唯心論和形而上學(xué)之所以被認(rèn)為是真理的障礙是因?yàn)樗鼈冏璧K對(duì)真理的科學(xué)的探討。
值得注意的是the reason why/that后接表語從句時(shí)，多數(shù)語法學(xué)者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)，有的語法學(xué)者則認(rèn)為用because引導(dǎo)也是可以的。以下是摘錄的原文例句：the reason why i am dealing with so many pictures tonight is because i happen to have seen them all just recently.我今晚之所以談這么多的影片是因?yàn)槲仪『米罱伎催^。the reason why he's late is that/because there was a breakdown on the railway.他之所以遲到是因?yàn)榛疖嚦隽斯收稀?
12、three weeks ago, three weeks before
這兩個(gè)詞組均屬于"一段時(shí)間＋副詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。類似的說法還有five years ago, five years before; two days ago, two days before等。 "一段時(shí)間＋ago"是以現(xiàn)在為準(zhǔn)，表示"自今...前"的意思，它常與一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞連用。若狀語是"since＋一段時(shí)間＋ago"結(jié)構(gòu)，或者謂語有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)名詞或虛擬語氣等，其句子有時(shí)可用完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：several million years ago， our country was covered by thick forests.幾百萬年前，我們的大地被茂密的森林覆蓋著。he has been there since two weeks ago.兩周以來，他一直在那兒。he must have seen the film two days ago.他兩天前一定看過這部影片。i remember meeting you somewhere two years ago.我記得兩年前在哪里見到過你。i had thought that he had died at least twenty years ago.我原以為他二十年前就去世了。
"一段時(shí)間＋before"是以過去某時(shí)候?yàn)闇?zhǔn)，表示"那時(shí)的...前"的意思。常用于過去完成時(shí)。例如：mr. li went abroad in 1978. i had met him two years before.李先生1978年出國的，在那兩年前我見過他。when i visited her, she told me that she had graduated from the college three years before.當(dāng)我去拜訪她時(shí)，她告訴我她是三年前從那所大學(xué)畢業(yè)的。
13、till, until till和until
都可以用作連詞和介詞，用于肯定句和否定句。用于肯定句時(shí)，只與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示"到...為止"。用于否定句時(shí)，通常與瞬間動(dòng)詞連用，也可與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示"直到...才"的意思。這兩個(gè)詞一般情況下可以相互換用。例如：we waited for him until/till six o'clock.我們等他到一直等到六點(diǎn)鐘。the pupils will not begin the meeting till/until their class supervisor comes.學(xué)生們等到班主任一到就開始開會(huì)。they didn't talk until/till the interpreter came.直到譯員到，他們才交談。he did not go to bed until/till he had made sure that nothing was wrong with the pipes.他檢查水管，確準(zhǔn)它們沒有毛病，才去睡覺。
當(dāng)until用于句首時(shí)，一般不能用till代替。在以not開始的從句或短語里，till一般也不可代替until，而且這種句式要用倒裝語序。例如：until the last minute of the match we kept playing.直到比賽的最后一分鐘，我們?nèi)匀粓?jiān)持奮戰(zhàn)。not until he had finished his work did he go home.他直到把工作做完，才回家去。
14、tiresome, tiring, tired
這三個(gè)形容詞均可用作定語，表語或補(bǔ)語。
tiresome和tiring都表示"令人討厭的，令人疲乏的"的主動(dòng)含義，其行為主體或所修飾的詞多為事物，有時(shí)也可以是人。兩者一般可以換用。例如：the job is tiresome (or: tiring).這工作真累人。that is a tiresome (or: tiring) talk.那是一次令人厭倦的談話。he is a tiresome (or: tiring) fellow.他是個(gè)令人討厭的家伙。
tired的意思是"疲倦的，勞累的"，其主語或者所修飾的詞通常是人。它還有"厭倦"的意思，其后常接介詞短語。例如：he has worked the whole day, so he feels very tired.他工作了一整天，感到非常勞累。the tired man has gone to rest.那個(gè)疲憊不堪的人休息去了。such a long lecture would make the audience tired.這么冗長(zhǎng)的講話會(huì)使聽眾感到疲乏。
15、to date, up to date, up-to-date
to date是介詞短語用作副詞，在句中作狀語，通常用于句首，意為"到目前為止，到現(xiàn)在為止"。up to date也有這一意義和用法，這時(shí)，兩者可以通用。例如：to date (or: up to date) twenty students have been accepted into the school.到目前為止已有二十名學(xué)生被接受入學(xué)。up to date (or: to date) we have no news of him.到現(xiàn)在為止我們還不知道他的消息。
up to date起形容詞的作用，一般在句中作表語或補(bǔ)語，定語通常用up-to-date。它們均表示"最新的，現(xiàn)代化的，最近的，符合最新發(fā)展的"的意思。例如：that car is a beauty and quite up to date.那輛小汽車式樣美觀，新穎。he is always right up to date in his information about this subject.在這個(gè)學(xué)科上，他一向掌握最新的情報(bào)。the yearly supplement keep the dictionary up to date.逐年的增補(bǔ)使這部詞典的內(nèi)容能隨時(shí)跟上形勢(shì)的發(fā)展。what he has used is a up-to-date method of language teaching.他使用的是一種最新的語言教學(xué)法。
16、to one's mind, on one's mind
這兩個(gè)短語中的one's根據(jù)主語的不同可有單復(fù)數(shù)變化形式，如my, your, his, our, their等，但其中的mind卻只能用單數(shù)形式。
to one's mind是介詞短語，有兩種用法和意義：1.起副詞的作用，在句子中作狀語，表示"照某人的看法，據(jù)某人的意見"的意思；2.起形容詞的作用，一般在句中作補(bǔ)語或表語，表示"合某人的心意，為某人所喜歡"的意思。例如：more people agree with him but to my mind he's quite young.大多數(shù)人都贊同他，但依我看來，他太年輕了。so now, the house, to his mind, had a most pleasing and comfortable appearance.因此，這座房子，在他看來，有著一種使人愉快和舒適的外觀。he found life in the countryside very much to his mind.他發(fā)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活很合自己的口味。the event is just to their mind.這事正和他們的心意。
on one's mind亦可解作upon one's mind， 其本義為"在心上"，用作位置狀語，常同動(dòng)詞have, get連用；亦可用作連系動(dòng)詞be的表語。它往往被引申為"惦記，操心，焦慮"的意思。例如：he looks as if he has something on his mind.他仿佛有什么心事似的。something was obviously on his mind, but he was reluctant to say what it was.他顯然是在擔(dān)心什么事，但他卻不愿說。
17、to safety, in safety, for safety, with safety
這幾個(gè)由介詞加名詞safety構(gòu)成的介詞短語，因使用的介詞不同，其含義和用法也就有區(qū)別。 to safety相當(dāng)于to a safe place，表示"到達(dá)安全地帶或地方"，常同動(dòng)態(tài)意味很強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞，如move, transport等連用。例如：they have moved to safety.他們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到安全的地方。the valuables have been transported to safety.那些貴重物品已經(jīng)運(yùn)到安全地帶。
in safety主要表示某人或某種事物"處于安全的狀態(tài)或地位"，常用作連系動(dòng)詞be的表語。例如：we are now in safety.我們現(xiàn)在安全了。don't worry, they are in safety.別著急，他們很安全。
for safety是指"為了安全，為了確保安全，為了安全起見"的意思。例如：while the family were away from home they placed all their valuables in the bank, for safety.當(dāng)全家人外出時(shí)，他們?yōu)榱税踩鹨�，把所有貴重物品都存入銀行。he placed all his money in the safe for safety.為了確保安全，他把所有錢都放進(jìn)了保險(xiǎn)柜。
with safety屬表示-ly副詞意義的介詞短語，意為"安全地，不冒任何風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地"，相當(dāng)于safely。in safety也有這一含義，這時(shí)兩者可以通用，只是with safety更常見。例如：they crossed the road with (or: in) safety.他們安全地穿過了馬路。cut off by the rising waters, the two boys climbed on to a ledge of rock, where they remained with (or: in) safety until they were rescued.兩個(gè)孩子被不斷上漲的洪水截?cái)嗔藲w路，他們爬上巖壁，安全地在上面呆到被營(yíng)救出來為止。 注：with safety有時(shí)還可以表示"無誤地"的意思。例如：i think we can reckon with safety on at least ten people supporting us.我想我們能準(zhǔn)確無誤地指望至少有十個(gè)人支持我們。
18、together, altogether
這兩個(gè)均用作副詞，在句中作狀語。
together主要表示三種意思：1.一起(in company) 2.同時(shí)(at the same time) 3.一致地，統(tǒng)一地。其前可加all以加強(qiáng)語氣，即all together。例如： the family together earned one hundred dollars a week.一家人合在一起每星期掙一百美元。let's work together.讓我們大家一起工作。the bells rang out together.鐘聲齊鳴。the arguments does not hang together well.這論點(diǎn)前后不盡一致。
altogether也有三個(gè)意思：1.完全地，全部地( entirely, wholly )；2.總而言之，總之 (on the whole)；3.總共。它常同數(shù)詞連用，all together也有這個(gè)意思，此時(shí)兩者可以互換。例如：he felt not altogether satisfied.他并不完全滿意。it was raining, but altogether it was a good trip.盡管下著雨，但總的來說還是一次愉快的旅行。there are five apples on the plate altogether.盤子里總共有五只蘋果。
19、too much, much too
too much可分別用作形容詞（后接不可數(shù)名詞），代詞或副詞。它主要有三個(gè)意思：1.太多的，過分的。2.極好的，激動(dòng)人心的。3.（估價(jià)）太高的。例如：don't give him too much praise.不要給他太多的贊揚(yáng)。too much is as bad as too little.過猶不及。we cannot admire his courage too much.我們?cè)鯓淤澝浪挠職庖膊贿^火。don't think too much of yourself.不要自以為了不起。
much too表示"（實(shí)在）太"的意思，常用作副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞。例如：the coat is much too large for me.這件上衣我穿實(shí)在太大。he studies english much too hard.他學(xué)習(xí)英語實(shí)在太刻苦了。 注意：下面一句中由于在much too和名詞之間有一個(gè)表示數(shù)量意義的little，所以這句話也是正確的。例如：i am afraid that you have given much too little care to your work.我很擔(dān)心你工作太不細(xì)心了。
20、tremble with, tremble at, tremble for
tremble with是"因……而發(fā)抖"的意思，其后通常接anger, cold, hunger, fear, excitement等名詞，表示原因。例如：he is trembling with cold.他凍得發(fā)抖。his voice trembled with excitement.他興奮得聲音發(fā)顫。 tremble at表示"因（聽到，看到）……而害怕（發(fā)抖）"的意思，因此常以tremble at the thought of (at the idea of, at the sight of, etc.)的形式出現(xiàn)。例如：she trembled at the idea of having to go through that ordeal again.她一想到再受那種折磨就害怕。he trembled at the sound of bursting bombs.他聽到炸彈爆炸的聲音嚇得發(fā)抖。
tremble for表示"為...而擔(dān)憂"的意思，接近于be worried about，其后可接安全，生命等名詞外，還可接表示人的名詞。例如：his parents tremble for his safety.他父母為他的安全擔(dān)憂。i told him i trembled for the children not being back.我告訴他，孩子們沒回來，我很著急。
21、troubled, troublesome
這是一對(duì)由trouble派生的形容詞，但兩詞的含義有所不同。 troubled主要指人的神色，表情或說話聲等"不安的，憂慮的（worried)"的意思。它還指"混亂的，動(dòng)亂的"形勢(shì)，狀態(tài)等。例如：his troubled look frightened me.他那種憂慮的神情使我大吃一驚。he looks troubled.他看上去神色不安。the present situation is in troubled waters.當(dāng)前形勢(shì)正處于混亂的狀態(tài)之中。
troublesome是"令人煩惱的，令人討厭的（causing trouble or anxiety)"的意思。它還可表示"困難的，麻煩的(difficult)"等含義。例如：the cough is quite troublesome.這咳嗽真討厭。he is a troublesome child.他是一個(gè)惱人的孩子。the troublesome problem will soon be solved.這道難題很快就會(huì)解決的。 注意：形容詞后綴-some的含義是"有……傾向的"，它加在某些動(dòng)詞或名詞后面，使該詞變?yōu)榫哂兄鲃?dòng)意義的形容詞，如：bothersome，tiresome, meddlesome等。
22、tune in, in tune
這是一對(duì)同素反序詞語，其意義和用法則完全不同。
tune in是動(dòng)副型短語動(dòng)詞，一般起不及物動(dòng)詞的作用，表示"調(diào)諧（收音機(jī)或電視機(jī)等）"的意思，一般譯作"收聽，收看"。若要言明收聽或收看的內(nèi)容，則往往在tune in后加介詞to或on，即tune in to (or: on),后接收聽或收看的內(nèi)容。此外，它還有"使協(xié)調(diào)，使和諧"的意思，這時(shí)一般用其被動(dòng)形式，即be tuned in。例如：we usually tune in to the news.我們一般收聽新聞節(jié)目。let's tune in to (or: on) radio beijing.讓我們收聽北京廣播電臺(tái)。they are tuning in (to) the public channel.他們?cè)谑湛垂婎l道。he's not very well tuned in to his surround.他和周圍的環(huán)境有些格格不入。the lecturer could see from the expressions on the faces of his audience which students were really tuned in to what he was saying.演講者從聽眾的面部表情上可以看出哪些學(xué)生對(duì)他所講的內(nèi)容是真正產(chǎn)生共鳴的。
in tune是介詞短語，其中tune是名詞。它的本義為"音調(diào)準(zhǔn)確，合調(diào)"，常轉(zhuǎn)義為"一致，協(xié)調(diào)，和睦，融合"，與介詞with短語連用，即in tune with, 表示"與……一致"的意思。此短語一般同連系動(dòng)詞be連用作表語。例如：our grand piano is in tune.我們的大鋼琴聲音很準(zhǔn)。the piano and the violin are quite in tune.鋼琴和小提琴很合調(diào)。bessie's mind was not quite in tune with the profundities of that learned journal.蓓西的頭腦理解不了這本深?yuàn)W的學(xué)術(shù)性雜志。our policies are in tune with the needs and the aspirations of the people.我們的政策和人民的需要與愿望是一致的。
23、turn down, turn off
turn down表示"拒絕"，后接表示人及請(qǐng)求，提議等一類的名詞；它令可表示"減弱"，用于調(diào)低，開小收音機(jī)，煤氣等場(chǎng)合。
tune off表示"解雇，辭退"，后接表示人的名詞；它令可表示"關(guān)掉"，用于關(guān)上收音機(jī)，煤氣，自來水等場(chǎng)合。試比較：i didn't get the job. the company turned me down because i did not know english.由于我不懂英語，所以這家公司沒有錄用我。the boss thought him a trouble-maker and turned him off.老板認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)惹麻煩的人而把他辭退了。turn the gas down! the meat is nearly done.把煤氣開小些！肉幾乎已熟了。don't turn the radio off. i'd like to hear the evening news.別把收音機(jī)關(guān)掉。我想聽晚間新聞。
24、turn in, turn out
這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語的意義完全不同，且毫無關(guān)系。
turn in可作"交上，上繳"解，其中的in為副詞。它另可作"拐入"解，此時(shí) in為副詞或介詞。如：don't forget to turn your copy-books in.別忘了交上你們的抄寫本。the soldier should turn in his equipment on leaving the army.士兵在離開軍隊(duì)時(shí)須交還裝備。the driver had difficulty turning in such a narrow street.司機(jī)好不容易把車拐進(jìn)這樣窄的街道。
turn out的意義是"生產(chǎn)，趕出去，證明是"，其中的out為副詞。如：the factory turned out 2,000 motorbikes a month.工廠每月生產(chǎn)2000輛摩托車。i'll have you turned out if you make any more trouble here.如果你們?cè)僭谶@里搗蛋，我就把你們趕出去。the boy turned out successful after all.畢竟那孩子最終變得很有出息。
25、technique, technology
technique為"技術(shù)，技巧"，指做某事的具體技術(shù)或方法，也可指藝術(shù)家和運(yùn)動(dòng)員的表演。technology為"技術(shù)，工藝"，統(tǒng)指工業(yè)技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)工藝，不指具體的做某一件技術(shù)及方法。以下句子中的technique和technology均不能互換：doctor bernard has got marvelous technique.this musician has perfect technique but little expression.we must develop science and technology.the scientists call the age we live in the age of technology.