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首頁 > 考試輔導(dǎo) > 外語考試 > 四六級考試 > 四六級經(jīng)驗交流 > 六級詞匯應(yīng)試寶典:如何應(yīng)對各類詞型考題

六級詞匯應(yīng)試寶典:如何應(yīng)對各類詞型考題

        六級考試詞匯題從詞性角度看主要涉及動詞、名詞、形容詞和少量副詞、短語介詞和連接詞。詞匯題的應(yīng)試應(yīng)從詞的詞性及其搭配入手,在較長的題干中找到?jīng)Q定正確答案的線索和依據(jù),從而提高命中率,縮短答題時間。 
 
        動詞題

  對于選擇項為動詞的詞匯題,我們主要應(yīng)從以下幾個角度確定答題的切入點:

  1. 如果動詞為不及物動詞或被動語態(tài),尋找句中該動詞的主語,根據(jù)主謂的意義搭配關(guān)系確定答案。

  2. 如果動詞為主動語態(tài)的及物動詞,則主要應(yīng)尋找句中該動詞的賓語,根據(jù)動賓的語義搭配關(guān)系,一般也能非常有效地確定正確答案。

  3. 對于通過“主-謂”,“動-賓”關(guān)系的判斷尚無法確定答案的,如是及物動詞,可同時根據(jù)其主語及賓語的特點來進(jìn)行判斷。

  4. 如是不及物動詞,則可同時根據(jù)其主語及狀語修飾語來進(jìn)行判斷。

  5. 除了動詞與主、賓及狀語的搭配之外,六級考題中還有相當(dāng)一部分動詞詞匯題可通過空檔后與動詞搭配的介詞來確定。

  6. 還有一類動詞題,如考生對某些動詞的句型搭配(verb pattern)比較熟悉的話,則也可以非常容易地根據(jù)其常用句型搭配來選取答案。

  ·【詞匯寶典】六級考試?即钆淙ヂ

  例1.mike just discovered that his passport had_____three months ago.

  a. abolished b. expired c. ended d. constrained

  本題根據(jù)選擇項動詞的主語passport(護(hù)照),可立即確定答案為b(過期)。

  例2.although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire, we can report that the rebellion has in the main been_____.

  a. canceled b. destroyed c. suppressed d. restrained

  本題找到了主語“the rebellion”(起義、暴動),即可知答案為c(被鎮(zhèn)壓)。

  例3.since the two countries couldn’t_____their differences,they decided to stop their negotiations.

  a. rectify b. oblige c. reconcile d. obscure

  本例中,由賓語their differences(分歧),即可知答案為 c. reconcile (調(diào)和、調(diào)解)。

  例4.when people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question_____a variety of answers.

  a. defies b. magnifies c. mediates d. evokes

  本題中,僅根據(jù)賓語a variety of answers或主語the question,則無法確定該選哪個動詞,但三者結(jié)合起來考慮,答案 d. evokes 便顯而易見。

  例5.on turning the corner, we saw the road_____steeply.

  a. departing b. depressing c. decreasing d. descending

  例中,由主語road,再加上后續(xù)副詞steeply即可明確答案為 d. descending.

  例6.all individuals are required to_____to the laws made by their governments.

  a. obey b. conform c. comply d. observe

  本題中雖然四個選擇項均有“服從、遵守”之意,但根據(jù)后續(xù)介詞to,即可找到答案為b。

  例7.his argument does not suggest that mankind can_____to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.

  a. resort b. grant c. afford d. entitle

  題中四個動詞的常用句型分別是:resort to (doing) sth.; grant(同意給予)sb. sth.或grant(承認(rèn)) sb. that 從句;afford (to do) sth.和entitle sb.to (do) sth.由此可知答案必然為c。

  例8.he would it that his son took a livelier interest in politics.

  a. see into b. see through c. see about d. see to

  根據(jù)題干空缺后的it that…,考生立刻就能想到有關(guān)動詞see 有see (to it) that這一句型搭配,故答案為d。

名詞題

  對于選擇項為名詞的詞匯題,我們同樣可從其與句中其它成分的搭配關(guān)系入手,迅速確定答案。只是對于名詞來說,它主要有與前面動詞的搭配即動賓關(guān)系,與后面動詞的搭配即主謂關(guān)系、與前后作定語的修飾成分的搭配及與后續(xù)修飾短語的搭配等。
 
 
 

  1. 根據(jù)前面的動詞來確定需選的名詞。

  2. 如果選擇項的名詞在句中處于主語的位置,則可根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞來判斷正確答案。

  3. 如果空檔處的名詞前有定語修飾,則?蓛H根據(jù)該修飾搭配關(guān)系確定正確答案。

  4. 有時,也可根據(jù)所選名詞的后續(xù)修飾搭配關(guān)系來確定正確答案,這類后續(xù)修飾成分包括一般的介詞短語或定語從句等。

  5. 有時,后續(xù)的介詞是與名詞的固定搭配。這時確定哪個是正確答案就更為容易。

  6. 還有的時候,名詞的后續(xù)修飾成份是某些名詞特有的動詞不定式短語或同位語從句。

  7. 有些名詞題涉及與該名詞有關(guān)的成語,是某一固定成語的一部分,考生只要熟悉該成語,選取答案非常簡單。

  例1.i think that i committed a_____in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.

  a. blunder b. revenge c. reproach d. scandal

  本題的四個選項中,只有 a. blunder能與動詞commit搭配。又如下例中與動詞make搭配的只有 d. distinction。

  例2.we should make a clear____between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.

  a. separation b. discrimination c. deviation d. distinction

  例3.the west is traditionally the land of the pioneers and the cowboys where____could be easily made in cattle or land.

  a. fortunes b. property c. opportunities d. treasure

  本例中,正確答案為 a. fortunes與作謂語的could be made構(gòu)成搭配,意為“發(fā)大財,賺大錢”。

  例4.stop shouting. i can’t hear the football____.

  a. judgement b. interpretation c. commentary d. explanation

  本題中,根據(jù)football即可選 c. commentary,意為“足球比賽的解說”。

  例5.in the spring export commodities fair the____of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world.

  a. succession b. array c. string d. procession

  題中,根據(jù)of fine china(瓷器),當(dāng)選 b. array為正確答案,表示“一大批排放整齊的精制瓷器”;而 a. succession表示“一個緊跟著一個的一列”;c. string表示“一串”;d. procession則表示“隊伍的一列”。

  例6.some fish have a greater____for acid water than others.

  a. tolerance b. resistance c. dependence d. persistence

  題中四個名詞分別有各自特定的介詞搭配:tolerance for、resistance to、dependence on和persistence in,由此即可知答案為a。

  例7.it is very strange but i had an____that the plane would crash.

  a. inspiration b. intuition c. imagination d. incentive

  題中,只有intuition(直覺),能接同位語從句,故答案自然是b。

  例8.they tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour, but still could make____of them.

  a. impression b. comprehension c. meaning d. sense

  題中make sense of 是一成語,意為“弄懂、理解”,雖然b. comprehension和c. meaning的有“理解”、“意思”等義,但都不與make搭配,不能選。

形容詞題

  形容詞主要用以修飾名詞,所以對于選擇項為形容詞的詞匯題,我們首先要找到與該形容詞相關(guān)的名詞,從兩者的語義搭配關(guān)系入手。
 
 
 

  1. 如果空缺處形容詞位于名詞前作定語,則可根據(jù)該名詞來確定需選的形容詞。

  2. 如果空缺處形容詞充當(dāng)句子表語,則它所修飾的名詞即為句子的主語,當(dāng)根據(jù)作主語的名詞來確定正確答案。

  3. 有時,形容詞題也可根據(jù)其后面的介詞搭配或特殊句型來確定正確答案。

  例1.some criminals were printing____dollar bills until they were arrested.

  a. decent b. fake c. patent d. suspicious

  這里,用以修飾dollar bills 的只有b. fake(假的、偽造的)。

  例2.some children display an____curiosity about every new thing they encounter.

  a. incredible b. infectious c. incompatible d. inaccessible

  題中,四個選擇項的詞義分別為“不可思議的”、“傳染的”、“不可兼容的”和“不可到達(dá)的”,根據(jù)名詞curiosity(好奇的),當(dāng)選a。

  例3.his body temperature has been____for 3 days,the highest point reaching 40.5℃.

  a.uncommonb.disorderedc.abnormald.extraordinary

  本題中主語“body temperature(體溫)”,只有“正常——normal”與“不正常——abnormal”之分,故正確答案非常明顯,為c。

  例4.some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was____in tropical countries.

  a.prospectiveb.prevalentc.provocatived.perpetual

  本題中,與空缺處相對的主語是this kind of eye disease,可知答案只能是b.prevalent(流行的),而不可能是“預(yù)期的(a)”、“挑釁/逗的(c)”或“永恒的(d)”。

  例5.although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more____to light than are human eyes.

  a.glowingb.brilliantc.sensitived.gloomy

  本例中,根據(jù)to light即可知答案為c.sensitive(對光敏感的)。

副詞題

  副詞題相對較少。副詞主要用以修飾動詞或形容詞,我們自然應(yīng)從被它修飾的動詞或形容詞入手,來確定可能的答案。
 
 
 

  1.根據(jù)由空缺處副詞修飾的動詞,來確定正確答案。

  2.如果空缺處的副詞用以修飾后面的形容詞,則該形容詞的語義在確定答案時往往起著關(guān)鍵性作用。

  例1.some people either____avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.

  a.violentlyb.enthusiasticallyc.sincerelyd.deliberately

  題中,能修飾動詞avoid的副詞最有可能的是d.deliberately(故意地)。

  例2.these areas rely on____agriculture almost,having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development.

  a.respectivelyb.extraordinarilyc.incrediblyd.exclusively

  本題中,四個副詞“分別地”、“異乎尋常地”、“不可思議地”和“惟一地”之中,只有d修飾rely on比較合適。

  例3.although the national government has introduces some new laws on this subject, it is the state governments that are____responsible for pollution control.

  a.preciselyb.primarilyc.progressivelyd.preliminarily

  同樣,本題中應(yīng)當(dāng)是“由政府主要負(fù)責(zé)污染的控制”,即答案為b。 a.“精確地”、c.“漸進(jìn)地”和d.“初步地”均不能修飾“負(fù)責(zé)”。

短語題

  六級詞匯題中還有為數(shù)不少的短語類試題,對于這類試題的解答,主要根據(jù)該短語的句法功能確定所分屬的詞類,然后再根據(jù)上述四大詞類的不同解題方法解答即可。
 
 
 

  1.the terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in athens,set to____when it arrived in new york.

  a.go offb.get offc.come offd.carry off

  本題選項為短詞動詞,在句法功能上為不及物動詞,根據(jù)其邏輯主語a bomb,可知答案為 a.go off(爆炸)。

  2.attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were____.

  a.in no wayb.on the contraryc.at a lossd.of no avail

  本例中四個選項為介詞短語,根據(jù)句法功能作表語,相當(dāng)于形容詞,根據(jù)其對應(yīng)的主語“attempts”可知答案為d.of no avail(徒勞的)。

   專家點撥 

  短語中還有一類不屬于上述四大實詞類的連接性短語介詞,對于解答這一類試題,一定要在理解空缺前后邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,才能較有把握地選定正確答案。

  例1.the younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only liarity with technology.

  a.in quest ofb.by means ofc.in terms ofd.by virtue of

  題中b和d為同義,均表示“通過”,d又有“由于”之意,a為“尋找”,c為“根據(jù)”。根據(jù)題意,對年輕人喜歡立體聲這一現(xiàn)象的解釋,只能“根據(jù)”他對立體聲技術(shù)的熟知程度來進(jìn)行,故答案為c。