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首頁(yè) > 考試輔導(dǎo) > 外語(yǔ)考試 > 四六級(jí)考試 > 四六級(jí)考題突破 > 簡(jiǎn)單回答題解析

簡(jiǎn)單回答題解析

  1999年1月考題
文章導(dǎo)讀
一個(gè)英語(yǔ)教師的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么?是不是只要是a native english speaker就可以了呢?a native english speaker是否就比a non-native english speaker強(qiáng)呢?該篇短文對(duì)比了對(duì)英語(yǔ)教師過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)要求和資格評(píng)價(jià)的情況,介紹了現(xiàn)在對(duì)本族語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)教師和非本族語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)教師一視同仁的變化。
第一題 the selection of english teachers used to be mainly based on ________.
題解:本題的重要線索是題干中的“used to”。文章的第二段提到“十年前,……只要是a native english speaker,你就足以成為一名英語(yǔ)教師了”。換句話說(shuō),就是過(guò)去選擇英語(yǔ)教師的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是看你是不是a native english speaker。所以本題的正確答案可以是:…whether they were english speakers。

要點(diǎn):(1)注意答案是作“on”賓語(yǔ),后面又有“是否……”,答案應(yīng)該用由whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句;

(2)題干中的“used to”告訴我們答案中也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);如果信手寫(xiě)成whether they are english speakers是要扣0.5分的;

(3)題干中的“english teachers”是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù),答案中也要用復(fù)數(shù)。如果信手寫(xiě)成whether he was english speakers是要扣0.5分的;

請(qǐng)參考其它的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):

l 可得2.0分的回答:

1) their nationality

2) whether they were native speakers or not

3) the language the teachers had as mother tongue

4) the job applicants’ nationality

5) where they came from and their mother tongue

l 可得1.5分的回答:

1) whether is a native speaker or not

從句中缺主語(yǔ),語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤扣0.5分。

2) their citizenship, whether the job applicants were english speakers or not.

超詞,共11個(gè)詞,扣0.5分。 l 可得1分的回答

1) being a native speaker was enough to get you employed

照抄原文,扣0.5分。與所補(bǔ)充句子語(yǔ)法不搭配,扣0.5分。

2) they were native speakers or not and whether professional status

“whether…or not”句式表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤,扣0.5分。部分內(nèi)容與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān),扣0.5分。

l 可得0.5分的回答:

1) nation. a english man is enough to be a english teacher.

回答不全面,僅包含部分正確內(nèi)容,扣0.5分。語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(應(yīng)為,時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí))扣0.5分。

2) speaking. you should being a native speaker.

回答不全面,包含部分正確內(nèi)容,得1 分。語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,扣0.5分。

l 可得0分的回答:

1) their professional status and skills

2) a personal level

3) a native english speaker

4) the knowledge, the skills and the attitudes.

沒(méi)有回答出正確內(nèi)容,不得分。

第二題 what did non-native english teachers deserve but seldom enjoy?
題解:本題有較明確的線索,在第三段中有“something they have always deserved but seldom enjoyed”,本題的答案顯然是這個(gè)“something”,那么它究竟指的是什么呢?答案很簡(jiǎn)單,在something的前面有一個(gè)破折號(hào),去找一找前面的名詞短語(yǔ)就是了,所以答案是:the same status as their native counterparts。

要點(diǎn):?jiǎn)栴}是以what進(jìn)行的提問(wèn)而且問(wèn)的是事物,所以要以名詞的形式作答。由于本題較簡(jiǎn)單,扣分也比較狠。

l 可得2.0分的回答:.

1) the status that/which the native counterparts have.

2) the same status as the native english teachers

3) having the same status as those native speakers.

l 可得1.5分的回答:

1) same status as their native counterparts. 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)為the same status,扣0.5分。

2) there shouldn’t be linguistic discrimination. 問(wèn)題以what提問(wèn),應(yīng)回答具體事物,但句子內(nèi)容基本切合題義,因此扣0.5分。

3) raising them to the same status as the native speakers. 語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),扣0.5分。

4) they were at the same status as the native english teachers. 時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在時(shí),扣0.5分。

l 可得1分的回答:

1. recognition of professional status and skills and a job. 回答包含部分答案,但不全面也不清楚,扣1分。

2. the result that they have the same status as their native counterparts. 問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是沒(méi)有享受到的事物,回答中用the result,不太合題意,扣0.5分。超詞,扣0.5分。

l 可得0.5分的回答:

1) raising of their status. 僅提到地位的提升,但提升到什么程度這一關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容沒(méi)有涉及,因此扣1.5分。

2) they can teach english like native english teachers.

僅提到象本族語(yǔ)教師一樣講課,但在什么方面一樣沒(méi)有涉及,忽略了關(guān)鍵部分,扣1.5分。

l 可得0分的回答:

1) linguistic discrimination.

2) like their native counterparts.

3) the chances to be an english teacher.

4) the native english teacher

完全答非所問(wèn),不得分。

第三題 what kind of people can now find a job as an english teacher?
題解: 本題有兩處重要線索,只要找到一處,即能找到正確答案。這兩處線索分別是:第三段的第一句話說(shuō),現(xiàn)在雇主們只去注意那些……的人,省略號(hào)的部分即是答題的關(guān)鍵。另一處線索是第四段的第二句話,“只要他們能……”,能答出此處,也是正確的。

要點(diǎn): (1)問(wèn)題是“什么樣的人”,因此本題的作答應(yīng)該是名詞短語(yǔ),最好用定語(yǔ)從句。

(2)題干中的“can”表明這是現(xiàn)在時(shí),這是一個(gè)重要的線索。

其它的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:

those who are qualified.

those who can teach english effectively.

l 可得2分的回答:

1) those who have good skills and attitudes to teach effectively.

2) both qualified native english speakers and non-native speakers.

3) whoever has the knowledge, the skills and the right attitudes.

l 可得1.5分的回答:

1) having the knowledge, the skill and teaching english effectively.

問(wèn)題中問(wèn)的是哪種人能找到教師工作,回答與提問(wèn)不對(duì)應(yīng),僅提到應(yīng)具備的素質(zhì),因此扣分。

2) those who have knowledge and skills, can teach english effectively. 語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)為,扣分。

3) who can teach and have the required level of english. 語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)添加,才能具有名詞性,扣分。

l 可得1分的回答:

1) people who has knowledge, the skills and attitudes to teach english effectively. 語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)為have,扣分。超詞,扣分。

2) the knowledgeable, skillful people who have the required english level.

錯(cuò)誤使用knowledgeable,該詞意思是“淵博的”,與答案內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān),扣0.5分。若具體回答成為一個(gè)英語(yǔ)教師的條件,應(yīng)為the knowledge, the skills, and the right attitudes,回答中僅提到the skill一項(xiàng),扣0.5分。

l 可得0.5分的回答:

1) the people who had the required level of english. 答案關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容缺失較多,扣1分。時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,扣0.5分。

2) a people who have the attitudes to teacher english effectively. 句中語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤較多,扣0.5分。句子語(yǔ)意與原文意義相差較遠(yuǎn),扣1分。

l 可得0分的回答:

1) he’s the knowledge, the skills, attitudes to teach english effectively.

2) people can teach english effectively.

!!特別提示:

這兩個(gè)回答看上去與問(wèn)題毫不相關(guān)。但稍加改動(dòng)即為正確答案:

1) he who has the knowledge … (1.5分)

2) people who can teach… (2分)

也許寫(xiě)下這兩個(gè)回答的考生已經(jīng)理解了文章,但由于他們嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá),他們的回答變得答非所問(wèn),不能得分。這一點(diǎn)請(qǐng)大家務(wù)必注意。

第四題what is the result of the “new form of discrimination”(line 5, para.4)?
題解: 這是類(lèi)似于閱讀理解中詞義判斷的題,但與做閱讀理解不同的是,在閱讀理解中存在兩種詞匯題,其一是考查學(xué)生利用上下文猜單詞的能力,其二是考查根據(jù)上下文對(duì)(主要是熟悉的)詞語(yǔ)的理解能力。而在簡(jiǎn)答題中,考查的對(duì)象主要是第二點(diǎn)。

就本題而言,原文中已經(jīng)在括號(hào)中給出了不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的漢語(yǔ)意思,因此,這是不猜測(cè)詞義的題,而是要求根據(jù)上下文判斷這外短語(yǔ)在本文中的所指,是一道理解的題。

在找到第四段中的這個(gè)短語(yǔ)后,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在“a new form of discrimination”的破折號(hào)之后的部分內(nèi)容就是答案。稍微組織一下,可以全面的回答為 it singled out the unqualified and liberated the linguistically oppressed。

如果確實(shí)理解了這句話,可以看出它的意思是“它剔除了不合格的(教師),解放了以前在語(yǔ)言上受壓迫的(教師)”。

要點(diǎn): 問(wèn)題是“……的結(jié)果”,應(yīng)該用完整的句子作答。

其它的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):

l 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:

the linguistically oppressed are liberated.

unqualified english teachers are singled out.

l 可得2分的回答:

1) the result is that the linguistically oppressed were liberated.

2) singling out the unqualified, liberating the linguistically oppressed.

3) the unqualified teachers are singled out while the qualified liberated.

4) it liberated the non-native english teachers linguistically oppressed.

5) it selected the qualified teachers and singled out the unqualified.

l 可得1.5分的回答:

1) the inqualified english teachers are singled out. 語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,扣0.5分。

2) it single out the unqualified liberated ^ linguistically oppressed. 多處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,扣0..5分。

3) to liberate the linguistically oppressed 不定式表將來(lái),問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是已產(chǎn)生的后果,時(shí)間不符,扣0.5分。

l 可得1分的回答:

1) qualification may be more important. 句子意義與短文內(nèi)容不貼切,扣1分。

2) the non-native teachers replace those unqualified native teachers.

回答不準(zhǔn)確,什么樣的非本族語(yǔ)教師沒(méi)有說(shuō)清楚,這恰恰是答案的重要部分,扣1分。

3) the unqualified native english teachers will be fired.

句子時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,扣0.5分。句子含義不準(zhǔn)確,扣0.5分。

l 可得0.5分的回答:

the non-natives could also become an english teacher.

與短文意義相差太遠(yuǎn),扣1.5分。

l 得0分的回答:

1) teachers are justified if they were qualified.

2) it will improve the teachers’ all kinds of level.

3) the non-native speaks are liberate.

完全答非所問(wèn),不得分。

第五題 the phrase “the linguistically oppressed”(line 6, para. 4) refers to those who were_________.
題解: 本題的短文中的位置與第四題在同一句話中,但答題的線索卻不相同。它的線索其實(shí)是基于對(duì)全文的理解。本文主要是就英語(yǔ)教師的問(wèn)題,將過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)native english speakers和non-native english speakers的英語(yǔ)教師的態(tài)度和評(píng)判的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)加以對(duì)比。在第二段(問(wèn)題的第一題)指出在過(guò)去,只要是native english speaker,你就能是英語(yǔ)教師了,這暗示人們對(duì)native english speaker的盲目?jī)A向;第三段指出了人們現(xiàn)在評(píng)判英語(yǔ)教師的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(第二題),最后一句說(shuō),“non-natives are happy--- linguistic discrimination(語(yǔ)言上的歧視)is a thing of the past”,言外之意是過(guò)去non-natives 在過(guò)去是受歧視的。那么“受歧視的”與“受壓迫的”明顯指的是同一種人,所以本題的答案很簡(jiǎn)單,就是non-native english speakers 的英語(yǔ)教師,可以用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為:non-native teachers of english。

但本題中有一個(gè)陷阱,就是前面的it singled out the unqualified。在過(guò)去受壓迫的non-native teachers of english中肯定也有合格的和不合格的,所以顯然不是所有的non-native teachers of english都被解放了,那些不合格的還是被剔除了。所以如果只答出non-native teachers of english的話,只是理解對(duì)了一半,最終本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是在non-native teachers of english前加上qualified一詞。

要點(diǎn): (1)問(wèn)題中要填的是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)部分,表示“什么樣的人”,因此本題的作答應(yīng)該是名詞短語(yǔ)而不要用句子。

(2)題干中的“who were”表明這是過(guò)去時(shí),這是一個(gè)重要的線索。

l 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:

qualified non –native teachers of english.

l 可得2分的回答:

1) qualified in teaching english but were non-native speakers.

2) good english teachers but were non-natives.

3) non-native english teachers who could teach english effectively.

l 可得1.5分的回答:

1) non-native speakers but have the ability to teach well.

回答中沒(méi)有明確講教什么課程教的好,與短文意義略有差異,扣0.5分。如果是“teach english”的話,就對(duì)了。

2) able to teach english but not a native english speaker.

回答中沒(méi)有指明英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的質(zhì)量好壞,不太符合短文意義,扣0.5分。

3) the non-native speakers who are qualified for the job.

問(wèn)題原句是過(guò)去時(shí),回答中用現(xiàn)在時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不符,扣0.5分。

l 可得1分的回答:

1) non-native english teachers

短文中對(duì)的定義中包含兩方面的定義:1. non-native ,2. qualified;卮鹬兄簧婕岸x的一方面,扣1分。

2) non-native english teachers but had the required level of english.

回答不全面,扣1分;卮鹬刑岬降挠⒄Z(yǔ)水平僅是英語(yǔ)教師資格要求中的一條,并不能代表有資格(qualified)。

3) qualified but unemployed for their being non-native speakers

回答中既有qualified又有nonnative,本應(yīng)意義完整,但qualified后所跟unemployed,與原文意思矛盾,且qualified與unemployed兩詞意義也有矛盾之處,因此,扣1分。

l 可得0.5分的回答:

1) non-native english teachers without right treatment. 回答不全面,且有部分內(nèi)容有語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,扣1.5分。

2) non-native english speaker and have the required level of english.回答不全面,且有語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,扣1.5分。

l 得0分的回答:

1) employed as a teacher.

2) the native speakers

3) employers who have required level but a non-native.

回答答非所問(wèn)或完全理解錯(cuò)誤,不得分。

1999年6月考題
文章導(dǎo)讀
有了孩子的婦女是否應(yīng)該出去工作?這是許多人常常爭(zhēng)論的話題。本文作者先是剖析了婦女工作的原因—為了掙錢(qián),然后分別用事實(shí)(第一段)和講道理(二、三段)說(shuō)明這得不償失。第一段引用了一個(gè)丈夫的話算了一筆賬,證明婦女工作劃不來(lái);第二段指出經(jīng)濟(jì)因素并不是最重要的,家庭成員的感情需要才是最重要的。第三段先退一步,指出許多婦女呆的家里感到厭煩,但也有許多人從家務(wù)活中獲得了最大的樂(lè)趣。最后一段以自己的親身感受指出婦女進(jìn)行工作是個(gè)草率的決定,暗示說(shuō)她們的家里也許會(huì)得到更多。

第一題 which word in the first two paragraphs best explains why many women have to work?
題解: 本題為主旨類(lèi)題,要求考生總結(jié)出婦女工作的原因。在這兩段中都提到了survive,可以知道婦女出去工作主要是為了生存。所以本題的答案應(yīng)該是名詞survive。當(dāng)然,也可以理解為她們是為了掙錢(qián)來(lái)生存,所以economy或economics也可以算作正確答案。

要點(diǎn): 注意問(wèn)題中的which word,因此本題的答案應(yīng)為一個(gè)單詞,而不要答成“they must work to survive”一類(lèi)的話。

第二題 why did marge and her husband think it an extravagance for marge to go back to work?
題解: 此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)問(wèn)題。文章第二段:瑪基和她丈夫認(rèn)為她重新外出工作對(duì)全家來(lái)說(shuō)是一種奢望。他們有兩個(gè)學(xué)齡前的孩子。如果把雇人照看孩子的費(fèi)用、交通費(fèi)用和增加的稅款加在一起, 那么算下來(lái)將不但賺不到錢(qián),收入實(shí)際上還可能減少。

要點(diǎn): (1)本題所問(wèn)內(nèi)容從瑪基和她丈夫的角度講是沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情。即回答的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反。故答案均采用與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。否則是要扣分的。

(2)問(wèn)題是why,回答時(shí)最好用because開(kāi)頭(盡管省略because也不扣分)。

答案: because they might end up with less money.

或 because they would spend more than their earnings.

或 because their earnings wouldn’t cover the spending.

或 because they couldn’t afford the extra payments of double-worker family.

或 because going back to work might cost more money.

第三題 what are the two major considerations in deciding whether women should go out to work?
題解: 題干中的consideration是尋找答案的關(guān)鍵詞。從文章中可以在第三段找到consider一詞,這一句明確地說(shuō)“economic factors are usually the first to be considered”,所以這里的economic factors肯定是答案的一個(gè)方面。但問(wèn)題是“the two major considerations”,所以還有另一方面。根據(jù)這句話的下一句話,“the most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family”可以挑出來(lái),即“the emotional needs”。

要點(diǎn): 注意組織答案要規(guī)范和完善,如果economic factors, emotional needs 為答案的話就不規(guī)范, 肯定不會(huì)得滿分。

答案: economic factors and emotional needs(of each family member)

或one is economic factors, the other is emotional needs.

或they are economic factors and emotional needs.

第四題 some women would rather do housework and take care of their children than pursue a career because they feel______ .
題解: 本題較為簡(jiǎn)單,從第四段的對(duì)比論述可以知道答案在其最后一句話,即homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction。

要點(diǎn): 本題只答出從句部分即為正確答案,不要畫(huà)蛇添足。

答案: satisfied with homemaking

或 that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction

或that homemaking and being with children give them deepest satisfaction

第五題 if given a second chance, the writer would probably choose to ______ .
題解: 此題屬于推斷類(lèi)題。在第五段里,作者通過(guò)自身的體驗(yàn)總結(jié)說(shuō),不要輕易放棄家庭生活,她對(duì)自己迫不及待地出去工作表示后悔,并表示但愿能享受一下與自己的孩子在一起看世界的快樂(lè)。由此可斷定, 若有機(jī)會(huì)她寧愿與女兒即家人呆在一起, 所以答案為stay home with her little girl 或 stay home and enjoy family life.

1997年1月
文章導(dǎo)讀
為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生交通事故?是不是因?yàn)檐?chē)輛的速度太快了?本文第一段借英國(guó)公路交通法有關(guān)速度限制方面的發(fā)展與變更來(lái)影射這個(gè)回答。第二段指出超速是現(xiàn)在英國(guó)最普遍的機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)違規(guī),并列舉了三種違規(guī)現(xiàn)象。那么在多大程度上限速能減少交通事故呢?第三段列舉了不同歷史時(shí)期的數(shù)字加以佐證。文章最后一段提出了另一種看法,即在美國(guó), 事故數(shù)字的減少被歸因于交通密度的增加。

第一題 during which period could british motorists drive without speed limits?
題解 這一題要求綜合第一段的第3、4、5三句來(lái)解答。第三句說(shuō)到1930“speeding restrictions were done away with altogether”,接下來(lái)又說(shuō),“for five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they liked”,因此可知,無(wú)速度限制的時(shí)間是從1930年起(包括1930年),延續(xù)了5年,即是1930、1931、1932、1933、1934這五年。最后一句“then in 1935 the road traffic act imposed a 30 m. p. h. speed limit in built-up areas”,說(shuō)明到了1935年,speed limit又實(shí)行了。

要點(diǎn): 提問(wèn)是“during which period”,答案中只要給出一個(gè)時(shí)間的表達(dá)式就可以了,沒(méi)有必要以整句作答,以免言多有失。有一位考生這樣回答:during 1930 and 1935 could british motorists drive without speed limits. 姑且字?jǐn)?shù)多了一個(gè)不說(shuō),這個(gè)倒裝也有點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。松一點(diǎn)的評(píng)委給1.5分,嚴(yán)一點(diǎn)的給1分,你說(shuō)虧不虧?

答案: from 1930 to 1935.

或between 1930 and 1935

或1930、1931、1932、1933、1934。

第二題 what measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions?
題解 題干中的1935是尋找答案的明確線索,明顯應(yīng)在第一段的最后一句話“then in 1935 the road traffic act imposed a 30m. p. h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossings”。題干中的speed restrictions對(duì)應(yīng)于這句話中的a 30 m. p. h. speed limit in built-up areas,剩下的自然就是the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossings。

要點(diǎn) 本題只要回答出what measures即可,沒(méi)有必要再加上謂語(yǔ)部分。

答案 driving tests and pedestrian crossings.

或 the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossings.

第三題 speeding is a motoring offense a driver commits when he __________.
題解 從題干中的“motoring offense”出現(xiàn)在第二段的第一句話。這句話也就是第二段的主題句。它總領(lǐng)了后面對(duì)三種speeding的描述,在這三種情況中,speeding都是exceeding the … (speed) limit。

要點(diǎn) 空格中要求填的是謂語(yǔ),用動(dòng)詞來(lái)解釋speeding這個(gè)詞,因此必須填動(dòng)詞的形式。同時(shí)要注意第三人稱單數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)。

答案 exceeds the speed limits. 或 drives over the speed limit 或 breaking the speeding laws.

第四題what is the opinion of british authorities concerning speeding laws?
題解 題干中的british authorities即是指第三段第二句話中的the ministry of transport,而這句話中的maintain一詞則是引述中常用的一個(gè)詞,常表示“……認(rèn)為”的意思,那么它后面的內(nèi)容就是本題的答案了。

要點(diǎn) (1)本題較好回答,但要注意避免原文照抄,否則會(huì)被扣掉0.5分。其實(shí)只要將“the ministry of transport maintains”改成“they maintain”(注意單復(fù)數(shù))就行了。

(2)簡(jiǎn)練作答的話,要注意把賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞“that”舍掉,否則顯得有些多余,弄不好會(huì)丟分。

答案 speed limits reduce accidents. 或speed limits help reduce accidents.

第五題 what reason do americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents?
題解 在四級(jí)考試中,也有很多送分的題。本題中的“americans”告訴我們它的答案肯定在最后一段。其實(shí),只要大體上讀懂第四段的第一句話,看出其中的“due(rather)to”是表示原因的即能做出正確答案,即“the increase in traffic density”。

要點(diǎn) 注意與問(wèn)題所問(wèn)的方式一致, 否則要扣分。