test 1
directions: read the followi ng passages
carefully. then answer the questions or complete
the statements in the fewest possible words (not
exceeding 10 words).
��
culture shock is so named because of the effect
it has on people when they enter a new culture.
experts have been interested in these effects
and have agreed on
five basic stages of culture shock. these stages
are general and should only be
used as a reference. not every individual will
go through each stage, and one s
tage may last longer that another for different
individuals.��
the hardest thing for most travelers to deal
with is the emotional “roller
coaster” they seem to be riding. one moment they
feel very positive toward the
new culture, and the next moment very negative.
it seems common that international visitors and
immigrants vacillate between loving and hating a
new country. feelings of separation and
alienation can be intensified if they do not
have a sense of fitting in or belonging.��
fatigue is another problem people face when
entering a new culture. there can be a sense of
a greater need for sleep. this is due not only
to physical tiredness, but also to mental
fatigue. this mental fatigue comes from
straining to comprehend the language, and coping
with new situations. ��
the impact of culture shock can vary from person
to person. there can be significant differences
because some people may be better prepared to
enter a new culture. four factors which play
into these are personality, language ability,
length of stay, and the emotional support
received.��
it is logical to think that when people are
deprived of their familiar surroundings they
will feel disoriented. one solution some have
found is to bring a few small reminders of home.
pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and
keep
sakes are all good candidates to make things
feel more familiar. another helpful
activity is to establish little routines that
become familiar over time. even better is
fitting things that were part of the regular
routine back in the home country into the
routine established in the new culture. this
will make people feel more at home.
questions:
��1. according to para. one, experts have
interests in
��__________________________________________________________________��.
��2. emotional “roller coaster” refers
��__________________________________________________________________��.
��3. when entering a new culture, the problems
people face are
____________________________________________________________________.
��4. copying with new situation may result in
_____________________________________________________________________��.
��5. according to the author, the more effective
way to solve “cultural s
hock” is
��____________________________________________________________.
答案部分
短文大意��
本文介紹了“文化休克”一詞的來由：文化休克是由于它對(duì)接觸一種陌生文化的人們所造
成的影響而得名。接下來，文章依次介紹了人們接觸陌生文化時(shí)所面臨的重要難題。以及影
響文化休克的四個(gè)因素，此外還介紹了解決文化休克問題的幾個(gè)方法。
��1.【參考答案】 cultural shock’s effect on people.
�ぁ敬痤}技巧】 聯(lián)系上下文是尋找本題答案的方法。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 第一段的第一句話就提到：文化休克是由于它對(duì)接觸一種陌生文化的人
們所造成的影響而得名。在第二句話中得知experts have been interested
in these effects and …此句中的these
effects雖然成為復(fù)數(shù)，但指的仍是第一句中：the effect it has on
people when they enter a new culture.答案由此而來。
��2.【參考答案】 unsteadily feeling toward new culture
�ぁ敬痤}技巧】 “由后向前歸納”是本題的技巧。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 本題問的是：情緒上的“環(huán)滑車”指的是什么?文中提到：one moment
they feel very positive toward the new
culture,and the next moment very negative.由
于是簡短回答，我們便總結(jié)為“unsteadily feeling touard a new
culture.”
��3.【參考答案】 are emotional "roller coaster" and
fatigue��
【答題技巧】 從問題入手，深入下去是本題的捷徑。��
【詳細(xì)解答】 從第三段的第一句話入手：fatigue is another problem
people face when entering a new
culture“another”一詞表明，前面第二段涉及的還有另一個(gè)問題。
��4.【參考答案】 the mental fatigue
�ぁ敬痤}技巧】 由原因推向結(jié)果是解題的思題。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 本題只要注意到了第三段的最后一句：the mental fatigue
comes from s
training to comprehend the language,and coping
with new situations.答案便迎刃而
解。本句，the mental fatigue 是結(jié)果，coping with new
situation是原因之一，本題問題是coping with new
situation可能引起什么。那么，我們只要由原因推向結(jié)果即可。
��5.【參考答案】 fitting some regular routines into the
new culture.
�ぁ敬痤}技巧】 瀏覽一個(gè)段落，通過比較得出結(jié)論是本題的關(guān)鍵。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 解決“文化休克”的最有效的辦法是什么，文中
最后一段提到，one solution…is to…,another activity is
to …,even better is …,
據(jù)作者的口氣，三個(gè)方案中，最有效的建議便是：fitting things that were
part of the
regular routine back in the home country into
the routine established in the new
culture,對(duì)于這么長的方案，我們只挑主要的說就可以了。
改錯(cuò)部分
test 1
directions: this part consists of one passage.
in each passage there are altogether 10
mistakes, one in each numbered line. you may
have to change word, add a word or delete(刪去) a
word. if you change a word, cross it out and
write correct word in the corresponding blank.
if you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in
the right place and write the missing word in
the blank. if you delete a word, cross it out
and put a slash (/) in the blank.��
few football grounds boast a more prestigious ��
address than the bernabeu, lies as it does on
the 1. ��____����
castellana,the three�瞝ining highway that runs
through 2.____����
the heart of madrid. ��
as real date back to 1902, when the sociedad 3.
��____
����
madrid football club was formed, it was not
until ��
1920 when the club was granted permission to use
the 4. ____����
real (royal) prefix. work began on the current��
stadium in october 1944. the land had been
purchased��
on three million pesetas; construction costs
totalled a 5. ��____��
further 38 million, a staggered sum for the
time. the 6. ��____��
cost of the new stadium led to claims, never
proving, 7. ��_____����
that real had received financial aid from
general��
franco’s government. under bernabeu’s
patronage,��
real madrid became the greatest club side ever,
won 8. ��____����
the european champions cup a record five times
in a��
row between 1956 and 1960, a remarkable feat
that��
is unlikely to be challenged. ��
madrid lies, quite literally, at the heart of��
spain.this is no small coincidence that the
capital’s 9. ��____����
leading football club is seen like a symbol of
all 10. ��____��
things spanish, just as fc barcelona is a beacon
for��
the independent catalan spirit.
答案部分
1.【參考答案】將lies改為lying。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 沒有別的體育場(chǎng)位置能與伯納貝烏體育場(chǎng)位置相媲美了，它位于卡斯特拉
納，位于穿越馬德里市中心這條高速公路的三叉路口。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析主句與分詞狀語關(guān)系的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 lies as it does on the castellana
，雖然主語應(yīng)該是bernabeu，但由
于前面few football grounds boast a more prestigious
address than the bernabeu是
比較級(jí)的句子，而且比較對(duì)象很明確：是few football grounds 與the
bernabeu，而lies
的誤用，導(dǎo)致了句子結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂。鑒于lies as it does…是對(duì)the b
ernabeu的補(bǔ)充說明，故將lies改為lying，使之與后面的句子變成狀語，就解決了問題。
��2.【參考答案】將three�瞝ining改為three�瞝ined。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 譯文同上句。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析分詞作定語時(shí)的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】
three�瞝ining與其修飾詞highway的邏輯關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的。而現(xiàn)在分詞往往是與其修飾詞的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的。因此，將three�瞝ining改為three�瞝ined。
��3.【參考答案】將as改為though。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 盡管皇家馬德里隊(duì)的歷史可追溯到1902年索西達(dá)德馬里足球俱樂部隊(duì)成立
之時(shí)，但是直到1920年，俱樂部才被允許在其名字之前 冠以“皇家”二字。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析連接詞的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 real date back to 1920與it was not until
1920 that the club was g
ranted permission to use the
realprefix之間的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而as的誤用導(dǎo)致了關(guān)系的混亂。改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折的though/although。
��4.【參考答案】將when改為that。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 譯文同上句。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析連接詞的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句的區(qū)別主要有兩點(diǎn)：引導(dǎo)詞與引導(dǎo)詞前后的句子的結(jié)
構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞除了強(qiáng)調(diào)人可以是who 以外，都用that。另外一點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句前半部分是
“it is…”，句意不完整，that后面的部分也不完整，只有將it is
…that中間的成分移
到后面才完整。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，而不是定語從句，故when屬誤用，須將when改為that。��5.【參考答案】將on改為for。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 購買體育場(chǎng)地皮花去300萬比賽塔，建造費(fèi)用總共達(dá)3800萬比賽塔。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析介詞的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】
介詞的作用在英語中的作用是不容忽視的，每一個(gè)介詞都有其獨(dú)特的用途。on除了表示時(shí)間，空間位置外，還可以表示“在……方面”，不表示花費(fèi)多少錢。故句中on屬誤用，將之改為表示數(shù)目多少的介詞“for”。
��6.【參考答案】將staggered改為staggering。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 在當(dāng)時(shí)，這是一筆令人驚愕的數(shù)目。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析同源的形容詞的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 以“�瞖d”結(jié)尾的形容詞主語一般修飾人，表示“感到……的”，以“�瞚ng”
結(jié)尾的形容詞一般修飾非生命的“物”，表示“令人……的”，句中sum是staggered邏輯
主語，故staggered屬誤用，將之改為staggering。
��7.【參考答案】將proving改為proven。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 新建體育場(chǎng)的巨大耗資引起了許多傳言，還說皇家馬德里隊(duì)曾接受過佛朗
哥政府的資助，但從未得到證實(shí)。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析做狀語時(shí)，分詞的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 never proving是主句the cost of the new
stadium led to claims的分
詞狀語，proving的邏輯主語是that real had received
financial aid from general
franco’s
government，在關(guān)系上與proven屬被動(dòng)，因此，proving屬誤用，改為proven。
��8.【參考答案】將won改為winning。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 在伯納貝烏的資助下，皇家馬德里最終成為最優(yōu)秀的一支俱樂部足球隊(duì)，
在1956年至1960年期間，這支球隊(duì)五連冠奪得歐洲足球冠軍杯。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析分詞在作狀語時(shí)的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 由won開始的狀語短語，邏輯主語是real madrid，主語和won的邏輯關(guān)
系是主動(dòng)的。won是誤用，因此改為winning。
��9.【參考答案】將this改為it。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】這支首都著名足球俱樂部隊(duì)被視為西班牙民族精神的象征，就像巴塞羅那足
球俱樂部隊(duì)是獨(dú)立的加泰羅尼亞精神的標(biāo)志一樣，這絕不是巧合。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析作形式主語時(shí)代詞的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】 本句是長句子，真正的主語是that后面的部分。為了保持句子的平衡，將
較長的主語放在后面，而將 it放在句首，做形式主語，是英語慣用的手段。而本句用this
作形式主語是不合適的，故改為it。
��10.【參考答案】將like改為as。
�ぁ緟⒖甲g文】 譯文同上句。
�ぁ驹囶}分析】 本題辨析將介語用作連詞的誤用。
�ぁ驹敿�(xì)解答】
在作“像……”這一意思時(shí)，like雖與as詞意看似相似，但用法區(qū)別很大。like是介詞，連接名詞或代詞，as是連詞，連結(jié)句子，而fg
barcelona is a beacon for the independent
catalan spirit是個(gè)句子，故like屬誤用，應(yīng)改為as。