1）與主語動詞同時，
　hearing the news, he jumped with joy.　 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
　arriving there, they found the boy dead.　剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。

典型例題
　　the secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
a. to prepare　 b. preparing　 c. prepared　 d. was preparing　
　　答案b. 此處沒有連詞，不能選d，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在b，c中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生，且與主語為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。

2）先于主動詞
　　while walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。
　　分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調(diào)先后， 要用having done。
　　having finished his homework, he went out.
　 =as he had finished his homework, he went out.
　　 做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。

典型例題
　　___ a reply, he decided to write again.　
a. not receiving　　b. receiving not　 c. not having received　 d. having not received　　
　 答案c. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選c。該句可理解為：because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.