as i didn't receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.
-> not receiving any letter from him, i gave him a call.
　 由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。
　 if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
　假如多給些照顧，那些樹會(huì)長得更好。

典型例題
　1）_____ some officials, napoleon inspected his army.
a. followed　 b. followed by　 c. being followed　 d. having been followed
　答案b. napoleon 與follow 之間有被動(dòng)的含義。being followed除表達(dá)被動(dòng)之外，還有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意。 followed by（被…跟隨）。本題可改為：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with some officials following, napoleon inspected his army.
　
　2）there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.　
a. followed　 b. following　 c. to be followed　 d. being followed
　答案b. 由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動(dòng)。用現(xiàn)在分詞。
　
　3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
a. heating　 b. to be heated　 c. heated　 d. heat
　答案c. 本題要選一分詞作為狀語�，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行的；過去分詞表被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的。對(duì)于液體來說是加熱的受動(dòng)者，是被動(dòng)的，因而選c。它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句 when it is heated，…

　 注意： 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。
(being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
　 由于用了很長時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。
using the book, i find it useful.