高考英語(yǔ)完成句子

　　. 31. ____________________(最長(zhǎng)的三條河流)in the world are the niles, the amazon, and the changjiang river.(long) 32. seldom __________________(他們玩)video games ever since they entered college. (play) 33. the city __________________(我成長(zhǎng)的)is very hot and damp in summer.(grow) 34. __________________(我花了)one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week. (cost) 35. i feel so sick. i wish mum __________________(沒(méi)有逼我)to eat so much.(force) 36. —you'd better go and _______________(把你的轎車洗洗). —no, i'll do it myself. (wash) 37. with the rapid development of science and technology, i can ' t imagine__________________(我的家鄉(xiāng)會(huì)是什么樣子) in ten years.(what) 38. it is your efforts, not success. (determine) your intelligence, _______________(決定) your 39. he looks sleepy. he must __________________ 熬夜了) ( last night, writing the essay. (stay) 40. at present, lots of food, water, tents, and medicine __________________(正在 運(yùn)往)from all over china and other parts of the world to the earthquake-stricken areas.(transport) 2 真題簡(jiǎn)析 31 題 考查形容詞的最高級(jí)與數(shù)詞的搭配順序. 答案為:the three longest rivers 類似的搭配如: the four largest oceans in the world the five most famous mountains in china the eight most famous wonders in the world the one hundred greatest persons alive in the world … 此題考生通過(guò)率很高,區(qū)分度不高. 32 題 考查表否定意義的副詞位于句首的倒裝句式. 答案為:have they played 此題應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn): (1)seldom 位于句首起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用, 需用倒裝句型. 即將助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)的前面, 構(gòu)成: seldom + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + ... (2) 要考慮 ever since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句其主句中的時(shí)態(tài)——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),其句式為:s + have / has + v-ed + ... + ever since + s + v + ... 類似的句子如: seldom have these scientists had a rest ever since they accepted the space-ship task. nowhere could we find such an attractive view. little did they do to stop the pollution. seldom does he go home on sundays. … 此題不僅很好地考查了倒裝句式在 ever since 結(jié)構(gòu)中的運(yùn)用; 而且還兼顧考查了 ever since 結(jié)構(gòu)中主句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài),區(qū)分度較高,可謂一箭雙雕.但此題難度高達(dá) 0.2. 33 題 考查定語(yǔ)從句. 答案為:in which/where i grew up 類似的句子如: the village in which/where i was born was very beautiful. the city in which/where i received college education was very cold in winter and very hot in summer. … 此題考查了定語(yǔ)從句和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) grow up,但太簡(jiǎn)單,區(qū)分度一般.如果要考這一類型的定 語(yǔ)從句,將先行詞改為 point, position, situation 或 way 等區(qū)分度可能高一些. 34 題 考查 it 的用法. 答案為:it cost me 類似的句子如: it cost me much to repair the car. it cost them 5000 dollars to complete this project. … 在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中,it 的用法較多.此題 it 是代替不定式 to buy the painting 作形式主語(yǔ). 此題把 it 作為考查對(duì)象,可以起到"指揮棒"的作用.因?yàn)?it 的用法較多,在實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn) 用中靈活多變,英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握. 35 題 考查 wish 接賓語(yǔ)從句,句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用恰當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式. 答案為:hadn't forced me 即表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望. 類似的句子如: i wish i hadn't driven my car out. how i wish i hadn't received her invitation. … 此外,還有表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反和將來(lái)情況可能相反的愿望.例如: i wish i were a millionaire. i wish i knew more about the subject. how i wish it wasn't raining. she wished she had stayed at home. i earnestly wish that i could have gone with you. she wishes that she could do something to comfort him. … 此題考查了 wish 接賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式, 看似簡(jiǎn)單, 實(shí)則較難 (難度 0.24) . 考生要把握 wish 表達(dá)的愿望與過(guò)去情況相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式.此題區(qū)分度較好. 36 題 考查了動(dòng)詞 have 的"使役"用法. 答案為:have/get your car washed 類似的句子如: — what are you going to do? — i'm going to have my watch repaired. she will have her long hair cut short. 動(dòng)詞 have 的"使役"用法有三種形式: (1) s + have/get + sb./sth. + doing ... (2) s + have/get + sb. + do sth. (3) s + have/ get + sb./sth. + done. 例如: they had the horse running all the way. whom do you want to have tidy up the lab? you look so pale; you'd better have your body examined. … 此題將動(dòng)詞 have 的"使役"用法的考查內(nèi)容放在實(shí)際對(duì)話中進(jìn)行考查,落實(shí)了考綱中有關(guān) "注重交際"的考試原則. 37 題 考查了關(guān)系代詞 what 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句. 答案為:what my hometown will be / look like 類似的句子如:how happy i am. my hometown is no longer what it used to be 10 years ago. he has changed a lot. he looks no longer what he was. he was shocked at the news. you can't imagine what he looked like then. … 關(guān)系代詞 what 除了引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句還引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)從句. 此題選材角度好,區(qū)分度高,將積極引導(dǎo)考生重視名詞性從句的學(xué)習(xí). 38 題 考查了 it 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,即 it is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that-clause. 答案為:that determine 類似的句子如: it is you, not your sister that are responsible for the accident. it was tom that broke the window. it was in the second world war that einstein was forced to leave his home country. … 此題設(shè)計(jì)得十分巧妙,不僅考了強(qiáng)調(diào)句,而且考了主謂一致問(wèn)題.但此題難度太高(0.14)主 要原因是考生對(duì) that 的功能和句子結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有理解. 39 題 考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must 用于推斷性用法. 答案為:have stayed up 類似的句子如: it must have been raining/have rained last night, for the ground is still wet. she still looks pale.she must have been ill. 此外,must 用于推斷性用法還有另外兩種形式: (1) s + must + be + adj./ n. (2) s + must + be doing + sth. 例如: —where is jack? —he must be ill at home. —who broke the glass? —it must be tom. —have you seen our english teacher? —he must be going through the test papers in his office. … 此題的設(shè)計(jì)與樣題一致, 考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must 表推斷性用法. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法一直是中學(xué) 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn),此題的考查勢(shì)必指引考生加深和拓寬對(duì)這一語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)與研究. 40 題 考查了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài). 答案為:are being transported 類似的句子如: don't drive this way, for the bridge ahead is being repaired. at present, the famous writer's works are being translated into several foreign languages. … 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一直是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重要內(nèi)容.進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是其中一個(gè)難點(diǎn),此題的考 查體現(xiàn)了考綱對(duì)這一語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容的要求. 總體上看, 年完成句子題有以下特色: (1)題目從中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的實(shí)際出發(fā),緊扣大綱和教材的基本目標(biāo),將"回歸教學(xué)"的口號(hào) 落到實(shí)處.把考核的重點(diǎn)放在" 雙基"和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的技巧上,并突出對(duì)常用句式和短語(yǔ) 的考查.這與湖北省 年高考補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的要求一致,體現(xiàn)了較好的導(dǎo)向性.如:32 題倒 裝句,33 題定語(yǔ)從句,34 題 it 作形式主語(yǔ)句式,35 題 wish 帶賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 37 題 what 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,38 題強(qiáng)調(diào)句等. (2)難度控制比去年好.整體難度不大,但 32 題,35 題,38 題的難度系數(shù)分別高達(dá) 0.20, 0.24 和 0.14. 題目大多取材于教材中的常用語(yǔ)法和詞匯, 但仍然全面地考查了中學(xué)英語(yǔ)的基 本語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目.題目時(shí)代氣息濃厚,人文特色明顯,貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際.如:32 題,37 題,38 題 和 40 題等. (3) 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考核力度并將其放在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中考查.如:35 題:force sb. to do sth.;36 題:have / get sb./sth. done;39 題:stay up 等. 3 復(fù)習(xí)方法與對(duì)策 英語(yǔ)課程的總目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,而語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能則是綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn) 用能力的基礎(chǔ).基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法作為語(yǔ)言知識(shí)中的五大組成部分之一,是為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言技能服務(wù) 的.因此,語(yǔ)法(句法和詞法)必定是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和高考中的一個(gè)重要的組成部分.中學(xué)英 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的目的是使學(xué)生通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)詞匯,句型和基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)去體驗(yàn)和感悟語(yǔ)言,通過(guò)進(jìn) 行聽(tīng),說(shuō),讀,寫等語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng),達(dá)到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生基本語(yǔ)言技能,進(jìn)而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言 運(yùn)用能力,最終能實(shí)現(xiàn)正確運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的目的. 語(yǔ)言學(xué)家克拉申(krashen, s.)認(rèn)為,學(xué)習(xí)是有意識(shí)地掌握外語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的過(guò)程.國(guó)內(nèi)也有 學(xué)者明確指出: "心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為,語(yǔ)法是語(yǔ)言的核心,若沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法,就無(wú)法構(gòu)成語(yǔ)言" . 因此,中國(guó)學(xué)生要掌握英語(yǔ)就必須學(xué)習(xí),掌握基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法. 鑒于此,湖北省英語(yǔ)高考完成句子考查的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容可能體現(xiàn)為以下方面: 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái), 一般將來(lái)時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式, 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句,間接引語(yǔ),主謂一致,省略,倒裝, 強(qiáng)調(diào),感嘆句,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推斷性用法以及虛擬語(yǔ)氣等.另外,常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和慣用法的識(shí) 記, 理解以及在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的分辨和靈活運(yùn)用等也是此大題�？疾榈膬�(nèi)容. 動(dòng)詞 + 介 如: 詞結(jié)構(gòu),介詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),there be 結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等. 針對(duì)完成句子的命題特點(diǎn)和中學(xué)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),要想達(dá)到理想的復(fù)習(xí)效果,可采用以下方 法: (1) "觀察—發(fā)現(xiàn)—討論—歸納—鞏固—運(yùn)用"語(yǔ)法常規(guī)復(fù)習(xí)法 每一單元用一段時(shí)間運(yùn)用 "觀察—發(fā)現(xiàn)—歸納" 法對(duì)某一單元的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)突破. 例如,當(dāng)涉及一些較難,較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目時(shí),要觀察課本中的相關(guān)例句后,進(jìn)而通過(guò)"觀 察—對(duì)比—討論—歸納—鞏固—運(yùn)用" ,達(dá)到學(xué)習(xí)掌握某個(gè)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo). (2) "集中呈現(xiàn)—對(duì)比分析—專項(xiàng)梳理—鞏固運(yùn)用"語(yǔ)法階段復(fù)習(xí)法 到階段復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),可將本單元所涉及的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容加上以前單元學(xué)過(guò)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行集中,通過(guò) 對(duì)比,歸納進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)梳理,并加以鞏固和運(yùn)用.以上方法在第一輪和第二輪復(fù)習(xí)階段時(shí)運(yùn)用 效果好. (3)結(jié)構(gòu)分析法 句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜, 迷惑性大, 這時(shí)需要仔細(xì)分析, 弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu). 為了快捷, 準(zhǔn)確地理解題意, 去掉插入語(yǔ)或附加成分,就會(huì)迅速找出答案.有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)言生動(dòng),自然,簡(jiǎn)潔,英語(yǔ)句子 經(jīng)常采用省略形式.答題時(shí)要盡可能把省略部分補(bǔ)全分析. (4)句式轉(zhuǎn)化法 把有些復(fù)合句,被動(dòng)句,倒裝句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句等轉(zhuǎn)化成便于理解的簡(jiǎn)單句,主動(dòng)句,陳述句等. 對(duì)于有些題來(lái)說(shuō),若找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵的提示詞, (如 but, and, otherwise, before 等)就會(huì)迎刃而 解. 另外,在高考備考沖刺階段,要強(qiáng)化時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在各種句式中的運(yùn) 用訓(xùn)練.如: (1) it is jack's red tie ______________(不相配) his white shirt. (match) 分析:此句 it 位于句首,動(dòng)詞 match 直接帶賓語(yǔ) his white shirt.運(yùn)用以上方法(3) "結(jié) 構(gòu)分析法"不難觀察出:這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句.即答:that doesn't match (2) those flowers were so sweet that they ______________(早已賣完) in no time before we arrived there.(sell) 分析: 運(yùn)用以上方法 "句式轉(zhuǎn)化法" (4) 可以看出, 此句的關(guān)鍵提示詞是 before. "... before we arrived there."中的動(dòng)詞 arrived 是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),由此可知空格處"早已賣完"要用過(guò) 去完成時(shí)態(tài);又 flowers 與 sell 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系.即答:had been already sold out (3)______________(覺(jué)得滑稽)watching their performances on tv.(feel) 分析: "watching their performances on tv "是 v-ing 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),那么,句首就用 it 作 形式主語(yǔ),代替 watching their performances on tv.即答:it felt funny 其次,要以句型為突破口,強(qiáng)化各種句型的訓(xùn)練,尤其是對(duì)特殊句式的訓(xùn)練.例如強(qiáng)調(diào)句, 倒裝句,感嘆句,虛擬句,介詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等.可采取"練—評(píng)—考"的模 式進(jìn)行.如: ( 4 ) hardly __________________( 他 們 剛 一 到 達(dá) )the station when the train left.(arrive) 分析:否定副詞 hardly 位于句首,用倒裝句.又 "... when the train left"中的動(dòng)詞 是 left 過(guò)去式,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí).即答:had they arrived at. (5) she ________________(是我的好朋友) should help her.(be) ,i 分析: should help her"是一完整句子,在語(yǔ)法關(guān)聯(lián)上和"she ______________(是我 "i 的好朋友) 沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系,由此可知它是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).即答:being my close friend " (6) examination ________________(明天要舉行),i have no time to go out with you.(hold) 分析: had no time to go out with you"是一個(gè)完整句子,在語(yǔ)法關(guān)聯(lián)上和"examination "i ______________(明天要舉行) 沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系, 由此可知它是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu); examination 又 與 hold 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可表將來(lái).即答:to be held tomorrow 總之,像這樣類似的訓(xùn)練要條理化,序列化,清晰化.只有這樣,才能舉一反三,觸類旁通. 4 結(jié)束語(yǔ) 近年來(lái),雖然語(yǔ)法考查降低了難度,但由于語(yǔ)法面廣量大,比較復(fù)雜,同學(xué)們對(duì)其感到十分 困惑,常常失分較多.因此,首先,學(xué)生必須一方面要在語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)上不鉆牛角尖,另一方面 要重視它,確保熟練掌握語(yǔ)法的基本用法.實(shí)際上,在基礎(chǔ)教育階段的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中,花在語(yǔ) 法教學(xué)上的精力還是相當(dāng)多的, 其根本原因就在于中英兩種語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)不同. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明, 要學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)必須依據(jù)語(yǔ)言規(guī)則進(jìn)行有意識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí).況且,做完形填空和閱讀理解題的時(shí) 候,要想對(duì)長(zhǎng)句,難句的進(jìn)行正確分析,若無(wú)堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)是無(wú)法做到的.做完成句子與 書(shū)面表達(dá)時(shí),語(yǔ)法的重要性更是十分突出.由此可見(jiàn),對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)切不可掉以輕心.其次, 要熟記詞匯和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ).學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)必須掌握一定的詞匯量和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),詞匯量少了文章看不 懂, 句子寫不出. 所以必須狠下決心攻克詞匯關(guān). 《高考英語(yǔ)詞匯表》 所列詞匯很多, 記憶時(shí), 要詞不離句,句不離段,段不離篇.只有這樣,胸中裝有許多美文佳句,做"完成句子"就 會(huì)輕而易舉了.