英語作文各種書信
英語作文各種書信
概述
書信是人們在日常生活和工作中進行交際的工具,也是高考書面表達中常見的考試文體。由于民族語言和習慣上的差異,英語信件在書寫格式及表達方式上與漢語不大一樣,有些地方迥然不同。本章將向大家介紹一般格式及各種常見信件,如家信、祝賀信、道歉信及自薦信等。
一般格式
英文書信的構(gòu)成可分為8個部分:
信頭(Heading)
日期(Date)
收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)
稱呼(Salutation)
信文(Body of the letter)
結(jié)束語(Complimentary close)
署名(Signature)
附言(P. S.)
(1)信頭(Heading)
信頭是指發(fā)信人的單位名稱或地址。一般情況下發(fā)信人只需把自己的地址寫(打字,手寫均可)在信的右上角,離開信紙的頂頭約1英寸,占二三行或四行均可,格式如下:
、冽R頭式
②縮進式
注意:寫地址的次序與中文不同,應(yīng)先寫門牌號碼街道,然后城市和國名。寫地址時采用齊頭或縮進式,以及每行后要不要加標點符號,都沒有固定的規(guī)定。如寫給經(jīng)常往來的親友,這項地址也可以省略。
(2)日期(Date)
寫日期注意下列各點:
①年份應(yīng)寫全,例如不能用“99”來代替“1999”;
、谠路輵(yīng)寫英文名稱,除May, July外,可用縮寫,如:Sep., Oct.。但不要用數(shù)字來代替,如7/4/99 或7, 4, 99,因為在英國此日期代表 7th April,1999,而美國則代表4th July,1999。
③日期可用1,2,3,4…11,12…21,22…31等,也可用lst,2nd,3rd,4th…11th,21th…22nd…31st等。
日期的幾種寫法:
a.July 7,1998
b.1st October, 1998
c.30 Nov., 1997
d.Sep. 3rd, 1999
、芴貏e注意英文書信日期應(yīng)緊接著寫信人地址下一行,不能像寫中文書信那樣寫在書信簽名之后,這是很多學生的常見錯誤。
精選范文
、
②
(3)收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)
寫信人的地址和日期寫好以后,接著就要寫收信人的姓名和地址,一般的事務(wù)信件或給較生疏的朋友的信件要寫,而在給極熟的朋友的信中則可省去。這一項寫在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名寫一行,收信人地址可分兩行或三行寫,和寫信人的地址一樣,上下可取齊,也可以向右縮進。在姓名前一般要加上稱號,稱號因人而異。
①對普通男子用Mr;
、趯ξ椿榕佑肕iss;
、蹖σ鸦榕佑肕rs,對婚姻狀況不明確的通常用Ms(后跟本人姓);
、軐δ凶佑肕aster;
⑤對教授或博士(醫(yī)生)用Prof.或Dr.
精選范文
(4)稱呼(Salutation)
稱呼指的是信文開頭的那種稱呼,如Dear , Mr, Uncle,各種稱呼因人而異。在稱呼后面一般是用逗號,但也有用冒號的。現(xiàn)歸納如下:
、賹Ω改、兄弟、姐妹等;
a.Father,
b.My dear Mother,
c. Dear Sister,
d. Dear Tom,
②對親戚:
a.My dear Auntie,
b.Dear Cousin,
c.My dear Cousin,
、蹖ε笥选⑼瑢W
a.My dear friend,
b.Dear Mr Jackson,
c.My dear Mr Jackson,
d.Dear Sir,
、軐ξ椿榕樱
a.Dear Miss Luce,
b.My dear Miss Luce,
、輰σ话闩,不論是否結(jié)婚:
a.Madame,
b.Dear Madame,
、迣σ鸦榕樱
a.Dear Mrs Helen Jackson,
b.My dear Mrs Helen Jackson,
⑦對公司、工廠、學校等:
a.Dear Sirs,
b.Sirs,
c.Gentlemen,
(5)信文(Body of the letter)
信文是信件的主體部分,也就是信的內(nèi)容。正文應(yīng)在稱呼下兩行開始。信的開頭第一個字母通常和稱呼開頭第一個詞平齊。也有往后退四個或八個字母的。下面介紹一些開頭語和結(jié)尾語。
開頭語
、傧喈斢谥形牡摹熬淳摺。
a.I beg to inform you that…
b.I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that …
c.I have the honor to address you that…
d. I write in a hurry to inform you that…
e.I have the pleasure to tell you that…
f. I'm very much delighted to inform you that…
②相當于中文的“接讀某月某日來信,一切知悉”。
a.I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th …
b.Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.
c.It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind of May 20th.
d.In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, I deeply regret that …
e.I have received your kind letter of May 20th.
f.Words can't express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning.
g.Your letter dated May 20th has been received.
結(jié)尾語
采用三種方法:
、俨捎梅衷~短語:句末用逗號,不用句號。例如:
a.Waiting for your good news,
b.Looking forward to your early reply,
c.Hoping to hear from you soon,
d.Hoping you are enjoying good health,
e.Regretting that I can't give you a more favorite reply,
f.Regretting the trouble I'm causing you,
g.Wishing you every success,
h.Wishing you a pleasant journey,
i.Wishing you a happy New Year,
、诓捎媒樵~短語,例如:
a.With best regards,
b.With kind regards to your family,
c.With best wishes to you and yours,
d.With best wishes for your success and happiness,
e.With best wishes for your success in your new field of work,
f.With best regards and wishing you all success,
g.With warmest regards,
h.With best regards to you and your family,
i.With the season's greetings,
、鄄捎猛暾渥樱
a.We are waiting for your good news.
b.I hope to receive your early reply.
c.We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
d.I thank you very much for your services, and wish your continued success.
(6)結(jié)束語(Complimentary Close)
結(jié)束語的一般寫法如下:
、贅I(yè)務(wù)書信常用:
Yours faithfully,
Faithfully yours,
Yours truly,
Truly yours,
Sincerely yours,
、诠S茫
Yours respectfully,
Respectfully yours,
Yours sincerely,
、鬯饺藭懦S茫
Sincerely yours,
Yours very sincerely,
Yours affectionately,
Yours ever,
④給親戚朋友的信常用:
Love,
All my love,
Your(ever)loving son/daughter/cousin , etc.
Your affectionate nephew, lovingly,
Lovingly yours,
(7)署名(Signature)
下面是署名的例子:
、賯人署名:
truly,
W. J. Watson
Yours faithfully,
、诠臼鹈
Legend Computer Company
Wang Lin
Sales Manager
(8)附言(Postscript)
發(fā)信人有時在寫完信后又想起一件比較重要的事沒有說,可以在信末署名下面幾行寫上, P. S. (Postscript 的縮寫),然后將要補充的話寫上。不過要注意寫信時最好將事情一次講清楚,盡量少用或不用P.S.。
以上英文書信結(jié)構(gòu)8個部分在信內(nèi)的位置如下:
精選范文
、
101 Hankou Road
Shanghai, China
12th Feb., 1982
The Registrar
Oxford University
England
Dear Sir,
I wish enter an Oxford College to study for an Arts degree in English Literature. I enclose a list of my qualifications, and you will see what I have been studying at…University for the last three years.
I have, of course, No English examination qualifications.
Could you kindly suggest which of the various colleges would be most likely to receive my application so that I can apply to them individually?
Looking forward to an early reply, I remain,
Yours truly,
Denis Green
P. S. Kindly send me a syllabus.
、谏召R信
Dear Bob,
Tomorrow is your birthday. I imagine your family is planning a celebration for you. I write this letter to offer you my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for merry returns of the day.
With my sincere wishes for your success,
Yours truly,
Tom
、凼フQ節(jié)及新年賀信
Dear Mary and Helen,
A merry Christmas and a Happy Year to you! Allow me to offer you Season Greetings. May the New Year will bring you a bright and prosperous(繁榮) future.
My family who are well and happy, join me in my good wishes.
Yours very sincerely,
Barbara
、感謝信
Dear Sir,
With feelings of deep gratitude I address you to give my thanks for your noble and generous efforts by which my son was saved from the lake. Surely, if it had not been for your help, my son would not be alive now. I shall be most happy to have a chance of serving you in return.
I extend you again a thousand thanks for the great favor.
Yours faithfully,
Wang Bing
⑤
Dear Harry,
I expect to leave Shanghai for Nanjing next Monday and intend to stay there for a month or so. You told me you had been there for a long time and knew a lot of people. I, therefore, shall thank you if you will kindly let me have one or two letters of introduction to them as I am an entire stranger in that place.
Yours,
John
、奚暾埿(申請作為研究助理)
Dear Sir,
I'm a graduate student in the Physics Department of Qinghua University.
Recently I read that you are hiring an assistant to do research on solar physics. As you can see from my re' sume' (簡歷).I have had experience in this field. I'm very interested in your project and hope to work with you. My telephone number is 83745102.
Thank you for your consideration. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Wang Ling
練習
、偌俣愕拿质抢顦,你給World Youth雜志寄去了你的姓名住址,征求筆友。下面是你收到的一封信,請給此信寫一封約100字的回信。(1999)
16 South Street
Epping T33 B54 UK
6th Jan.,1999
Dear Li Hua,
I got your name and address from “World Youth”and I would like to be your penfriend.
I am a boy of 14. I live with my parents in Epping, a town near London. I go to the Epping School. I'm in form 2. This term we have maths, physics, biology, history, English and physical education. For my foreign language I take French. I would like to take Chinese only they don't teach it here. After school I like playing football and I am on the school team. I also like collecting stamps. Can you send me some Chinese stamps?
Please write and tell me about yourself and your school.
Your new friend,
Alex Baker
、谟⒄Z雜志 BBC ENGLISH有一專欄“Can I help you?”專門解答讀者提出的英語問題。專欄編者叫Jill Welfare(女)。該雜志社地址是:BBC English Magazine, P. O. Box76, Bush House, London WC2B 4PH, U. K.
假定你叫李紅,是北京第一中學高三學生,F(xiàn)由你寫一封信到該雜志社請教以下兩個問題:
a.你的老師認為應(yīng)該說:“He is taller than I.”但你聽到有人說:“He is taller than me.”你想知道哪個對及為什么?
b.你想知道further和farther在意義上、用法上是完全一樣,還是有什么不同?
注意:
a.只要把該問題的問題問清楚,不要翻譯試題說明。(字數(shù):80~120)
b.不要在信中使用自己的真實姓名和地址。
參考詞語
have…to ask
mean the same thing
、奂俣愕拿质俏河拢≡诒本〇|長安街233號。
今年6月份,美國青年學生Jack Gooper隨青年訪華團訪問北京。最后一天在青年宮舉行告別會(farewell party)。你參加了,坐在Jack Cooper旁邊,散會時你和他互相拿錯了對方的筆記本(notebook)。事后你翻看筆記本,發(fā)現(xiàn)他的名字地址,才知道拿錯了,F(xiàn)在你把筆記本寄回去給他,寫一封簡單的信說明,同時請他把你的筆記本按你所給的地址寄來給你。(字數(shù):80~140)
參考詞語
take…by mistake
look into
by post
at the address
④假定你叫李霞,是天津市第二中學高三年級學生,你在閱讀英文中遇到一些問題,4月25日你寫信給復(fù)旦大學的王教授,請他抽出一個小時的時間來為你解答學習英語中的一些問題,請王教授安排時間和地點。(字數(shù):80~100)
參考詞語
senior grade three
appreciate
spare
⑤下面是某中外合資企業(yè)刊登在China Daily上的一則招聘廣告。
Office secretary, with experience in book-keeping, Type-writing
Public relations, operating PC= (personal computer)
Address, age, health and education
A950 Tomas Office
請根據(jù)廣告中所提出的招聘職務(wù)、應(yīng)聘條件和你自己的簡要情況,用80個左右單詞寫一封自我介紹信,聯(lián)系地址A950 Tomas Office。假定你的名字是王華,通信處是威海市45信箱(P.O. Box 45)時間為1999年7月8日,注意書信格式。
參考詞語
be fit for
in good health
teach oneself
、藜俣憬辛秩A,是學生會干事,你于8月9日寫信給在京的美國朋友Charlie。
你和Charlie自春節(jié)以來沒有見面,他剛剛從南京旅行回來,向他問好。
為了慶祝五四青年節(jié),學生會計劃舉行各種活動,將召開晚會,舉行座談會,請歷史老師講中國青年運動史,并擬請Charlie介紹現(xiàn)在美國青年的生活、學習及工作情況。
注意:信件包括上述全部內(nèi)容,可適當增加細節(jié),使全文連貫。
參考詞語
青年節(jié):The Youth Day
春節(jié):The Spring Festival
學生會:The Student Union
、呒僭O(shè)你是環(huán)宇絲綢貿(mào)易公司(Huanyu Silk Trade Company)人事部主任Maty Walter,請用英語給一位名叫Li Gang的求職者寫一封100詞左右的回信,通知他公司經(jīng)理將與他面談。寫信日期為2月8日。信的內(nèi)容要點如下:
面談地點:經(jīng)理辦公室。
面談時間:3月18日,上午9點半。
面談內(nèi)容:求職動機、特長及錄用后的打算。
體檢時間:面談一周之后。
錄用與否:4月初告知。
參考詞語
have a talk
medical examination
、嗄尺M出口公司在報上登了一則廣告,想招聘一名秘書,其條件如下:
年齡不超過28周歲,未婚;男性身高1.72米以上,女性身高1.60米以上;身體健康;大學畢業(yè),會兩門外國語者優(yōu)先(但必須懂英文);能進行計算機操作。
假如你是李衛(wèi),想應(yīng)聘,請根據(jù)上述要點寫一封100字左右的求職信。
參考詞語
ask for the job
operate a computer
⑨假如你叫Mary, 你的朋友Jane生病了,主要是因為工作太辛苦,又缺乏鍛煉。請你寫一封信給她,勸她每天至少要運動一個小時,并告訴她;你明天休息,將去看望她。
注意寫信格式。(字數(shù):80~100)
、饧俣愕拿纸型跫t,你的朋友孫剛邀請你參加他的生日晚會,你不能去。請你給孫剛寫封信,表示歉意,并說明理由:因要參加高考,沒有辦法答應(yīng)。最后要表示祝賀并送上生日賀卡一張,你住在上海市長沙路192號,寫信日期1999年7月1日。
注意書信格式。(字數(shù):80~100)
(11)假定你是英國學生(John),在上海二中學習,于6月1日給Babara寫信,談?wù)剛惗嘏c上海的不同,100~120字,內(nèi)容如下:
倫敦 上海
汽車靠左行 汽車靠右行
很多人乘汽車上班 多數(shù)人騎自行車上班
陰天多 晴天多
一星期工作五天 一星期工作五天
懂漢語人少 懂英語的人多
學生較放松 學生較勤奮
參考詞語
氣候:climate