05年12月英語四級考試最后模擬試卷及答案
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
What is the relation between the code and culture which creates it, and which it transmits to the next generation? Linguists in the anthropological tradition had tried to establish links with meanings expressed lexically: Eskimo words for ‘snow’, Arabic words for ‘camel’ and so on. Yet vocabulary only ‘reflects’ culture by courtesy of (蒙...提供) its internal organization as a whole; and the assertion that “because 'camels' are important to the Arabs, therefore they have a lot of different words for 'them'” is a statement as much about English as about Arabic. Presumably nothing is more important than rice to the Chinese; yet Chinese has a single word for rice and it means various other things besides. Chinese happens to be a type of language that favors general nouns.As the essential medium for people to organize and convey their ideas, language is no longer what it seemed to be for the traditional linguists who used to think of language as simple formal codes. It is also closely related to the context, social or anthropological, in which the communication takes place. Today most linguists come to realize that language is an important component of culture. It determines not only the form in which ideas are transmitted, but also the method with which the content of the ideas are organized. In this perspective, language is also a communicative base on which members of a speech community form their ideas in a way that is readily comprehensible to other members of that community. It is also regarded as part of culture that is related to other fields of humanity (人類) studies.But what is merely comic (滑稽的) when applied to lexics (詞匯學(xué)) becomes seriously misleading when applied to grammar. As Whorf pointed 50 years ago, it is naive anddangerous to take isolated grammatical phenomena and try to relate them to features of a culture. When linguists recognized this, their response was to avoid the language/culture issue altogether, thus closing the door on an important area of research. That there is a relationship between a code and the culture that engenders (造成) it is beyond question; but it is an extremely complex and abstract one.
36. The first paragraph mainly discusses _____.
[A] the early history of human language
[B] how important words are in the cultural issue
[C] the way in which people name different things
[D] the relation between language and culture on the lexical level
37. According to the anthropologists, the importance of a meaning _____.
[A] reflect the customs
[B] is reflected by the number of words referring to it
[C] is connected with next generation
[D] reflect certain cultures
38. The author cites the only Chinese word for rice to show that _____.
[A] the Chinese people especially enjoy rice
[B] the Chinese people have a different viewpoint
[C] important foods are not always named by many words
[D] something culturally important may not be important in language
39. From the Arabic words for ‘camel’ and the Eskimo words for ‘snow’, we can infer that _____.
[A] language may reflect living conditions
[B] different languages may have the same origin
[C] people enjoy different things in different cultures
[D]language can be used to show people's versatility
40. Which of the following most appropriately describes the author's logic of writing this passage?
[A] Analyze an issue and in the end draw a conclusion.
[B] Present and analyze an opinion and then argue against it.
[C] Compare two different opinions and prove one of them is right.
[D] Present a question, analyze it and make efforts to answer it, and in the end leave the question unanswered.
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. Trees are a renewable resource that when managed properly can _____ our needs indefinitely.
[A] sustain [B] retain [C] maintain [D] obtain
42. The Prime Minister refused to _____ on the rumor that he had planned to resign.
[A] explain [B] comment [C] remark [D] talk
43. I ______ them that both the issues mentioned by my friend will be considered at the public inquiry.
[A] insure [B] reserve [C] persuade [D] assure
44. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are to _____ free medical care.
[A] entitled [B] granted [C] presented [D] promised
45. The increase in student numbers ________ many problems for the university.
[A] forces [B]presses [C] provides [D] poses
46. We may have been poor, but we were always ______ dressed.
[A] respectably [B] respectfully [C] politely [D] respectively
47. I am not _____ with beautiful dreams, I want beautiful realities.
[A] conservative [B] confident [C] content [D] generous
48. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is _____ loud continuous noise.
[A] associated with [B] filled with [C] subjected to [D] attached to
49. People enter the organization from a(n) _____ range of social, economic, and educational backgrounds.
[A] extensive [B] influential [C] diverse [Dl peculiar
50. The agreement is not _____, because one of the people who signed it is not lawfully old enough to do so.
[A] operative [B] effective [C] legal [D] valid
51. After everyone was seated the chairman ______to announce his plans.
[A] progressed [B] promoted [C] proceeded [D] proposed
52. Teacher's notes give practical _____ on developing reading skills, together with ideas for implementing play-reading in class.
[A] notions [B] hints [C] perceptions [D] phases
53. His sudden _____ greatly surprised all of us as he was always a very kind man.
[A] unhappiness [B] heartiness [C] harshness [D] uprightness
54. She packed her bags, then called the airport and made a(n) _____ on the last flight out of Los Angeles.
[A] conservation [B] reservation [C] preservation [D]observation
55. If you are a public figure you can't afford to be too _____ to criticism.
[A] sensible [B] sensitive [C] rational [D] reasonable
56. His spending on pleasure and luxuries is rather high in _____ to his income.
[A] comparison [B] calculation [C] association [D] proportion
57. I had difficulty in _____ myself from telling her what I thought of her.
[A] restraining [B] retaining [C] reserving [D] restricting
58. The book gives a brief ____ of the course of his research up till now.
[A] outline [B] reference [C] frame [D] outlook
59. Many species of animals have now _____ from the face of the earth.
[A] dissolved [B] vanished [C] faded [D] escaped
60. Within days of being appointed office manager he had ________ on the staff.
[A] compelled [B] imposed [C] opposed [D] compressed
61. Advertising was _____ never used, even in the early 1970s when the use of search by companies was much less widespread.
[A]precisely [B] progressively [C] practically [D] presumably
62. I think you can take a(n) _____ language course to improve your English.
[A] intermediate [B] middle [C] medium [D]mid
63. The chairman of the company said that new techniques had ______ improved their production efficiency.
[A] violently [B] severely [C] radically [D] extremely
64. Which format a participant should choose will depend upon his or her _____ stage, work situation and individual learning style.
[A] employment [B] career [C] vocation [D] profession
65. But there are no convincing reasons for believing that this would have a _____ effect on economic performance.
[A] partial [B] preferable [C] beneficial [D] liable
66. The company has just _____ its plans for the coming year, including the opening of new offices in Paris.
[A] revealed [B] relieved [C]revised [D] reversed
67. The _____ between rich and poor is wider in the South than in the rest of the country.
[A] difference [B] distinction [C] gap [D] variation
68. Any investigation which covers a long ____ of time is bound to encounter certain special problems.
[A] rank [B] span [C] scope [D] scale
69. Nevertheless, the United States maintained its military _____ in some African and Western Asian countries despite international protest.
[A] attachment [B] involvement [C] interaction [D] communication
70. Bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries _____ from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement.
[A] altering [B] ranging [C] differing [D] separating
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A] ,[B] ,[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
To understand the marketing concept, it is
71. [A] effective
[B] adequate
only necessary, to understand the difference be-
[C] competent
[D] efficient
tween marketing and selling. Not too many years
72. [A] fell
[B] took
ago, most industries concentrated primarily on
[C] relied
[D] lived
the 61 production of goods, and then
73. [A] directs
[B] focuses
62 "persuasive salesmanship" to move as
[C] aims
[D] insists
much of these goods as possible. Such production
74. [A] convert
[B] alter
and selling 63 on the needs of the seller to
[C] persuade
[D]modify
produce goods and then 64 them into money.
75. [A]fantasies
[B]preferences
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on
[C] choices
[D]alternatives
the wants of consumers. It begins with first ana-
76. [A]influence
[B]convince
lyzing the 65 and demands of consumers
[C] entertain
[D]satisfy
and then producing goods that will 66
77. [A]access
[B]methods
them. This eye-on-the-consumer 67 is
[C] approach
[D]trend
known as the marketing concept, which simply
78. [A]available
[B]approachable
means that instead of trying to sell whatever is
[C] adaptable
[D]transferable
easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers
79. [A]measure
[B]step
and dealers first try to find out what the consumer
[C] operation
[D]arrangement
wants to buy and then go about making it
80. [A]convey
[B]impose
___68 for purchase. Every 69 —design,
[C] imply
[D]involve
production, distribution, promotion — is made
81. [A]publicity
[B]privilege
according to consumer demand.
[C] popularity
[D]priority
This concept does not 70 that consumer
82. [A]views
[B]surfaces
satisfaction is given 71 over profit in a
[C] sides
[D]phenomena
company. There are always two 72 to every
83. [A]appears
[B]occurs
business activity — the firm and the customer
[C] exists
[D]succeeds
and each must be satisfied before trade 73 .
84. [A]however
[B] therefore
Successful merchants and producers, 74 ,
[C] furthermore
[D]moreover
recognized that the surest route to profit is
85. [A]across
[B]with
___75 understanding customers. This concept
[C] upon
[D]through
has been recognized in such slogans as "Have it
86. [A]presented
[B]submitted
your way," and "You are the boss". A good ex-
[C] offered
[D]delivered
ample of the importance of satisfying the con-
87. [A]mode
[B]flavor
sumer 76 itself in mid-1985. when Coca
[C]sense
[D]feel
Cola changed the 77 of its drink. The non-
88. [A]fragment
[B]slice
acceptance of the change by a significant
[C]segment
[D]portion
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