初中英語語法講座

　　1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos

　　hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos

　　2bus---buses box---boxes

　　watch---watches brush---brushes

　　3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes

　　hero---heroes negro---negroes

　　4 leaf---leaves knife---knives

　　5baby---babies family---families

　　另外，還要記住一些特殊的名詞的變化形式，如：

　　chinese---chinese japanese---japanese

　　englishman---englishmen frenchman---frenchmen

　　russian---russians american---americans

　　german --- germans

　　child---children foot---feet

　　man---men woman---women

　　tooth---teeth goose --- geese

　　deer---deer sheep---sheep

　　還要掌握不可數名詞的量化表達有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of

　　另外，大家應注意：單數集合名詞作主語時謂語動詞“數的”變化：單數集合名詞如class, police, family, school, group, team等。盡管形式上是單數，意義上都是復數，因此，一般要與復數謂語動詞連用，例如：

　　class five have a foreign friend.

　　五班有一位外國朋友。(這里的五班指五班的同學的。)

　　his family are good to me. 他的家人對我很好。(很顯然，這里的family指家庭成員。)當上述集合名詞著重指“整體”時， 意義上則是單數，因此，要與單數謂語動詞連用。例如，

　　our school team often plays well in our city.

　　我們的校隊經常在我們市踢得很好。(這里的team 指整個隊，但意義上仍為單數，故謂語動詞用plays.

　　二、 名詞所有格

　　名詞所有格有兩種形式：一是加’s，一種是用of來表示。一般情況下，指某人的某物用’s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短語來表示。另外，要注意凡是以s結尾的名詞或規(guī)則名詞的復數，不能直接加’s，而應該加-’即可。例如，boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不過，注意例外情況，例如， the boss’s handwriting，其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因為在英語中，如果以-s 或-ss 結尾的名詞不是復數復數形式，那么其名詞所有格仍加-‘s。那么你會說“瓊斯的小汽車”嗎?對，jones’s car。

　　下面我們來做一部分習題。

　　1. june 1st is ___ day.

　　a. child’s b. childs’ c. childrens’ d. children’s

　　答案：d

　　2. i need ___ paper, mum. i want to write ___ letter to my english teacher.

　　a. any, some b. some, a c. a, some d. some,any

　　答案：b

　　3. there are two ___ and three ___ on the table.

　　a. knifes, forks b. knifes, fork c. knives, forkes d. knives, forks

　　答案：d

　　4. we have got a lot of___ today.

　　a. newspaper to read b. homework to do c. homeworks to do

　　d. book to read

　　答案：b

　　5. we could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.

　　a. many, many b. much, much c. many, much d. much, many

　　答案：c

　　6. will you pass me ___?

　　a. a few pieces of chalk b. a few chalks c. a few of chalks

　　d. some chalks

　　答案：a

　　7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.

　　a. a friend of her b. a friend of hers c. friends of hers

　　d. friends of her

　　答案：b

　　下面請大家自己練習一下。

　　1. september 10th is ___ day.

　　a. the teacher b. teachers’ c. teacher d. teacher’s

　　答案：b

　　2. ---can i help you, sir?

　　---i’d like to have 100___. i want the students to draw pictures on them.

　　a. piece of paper b. pieces of paper c. papers d. paper

　　答案：b

　　3. ---would you like ___ milk, please?

　　---no, thank you. i still have some.

　　a. some more b. an c. a little of d. all

　　答案：a

　　4. ___ the old woman is in!

　　a. what good health b. how a good health c. what a good health d. how good health

　　答案：a

　�、� what + a(n) + 形容詞 + 單數名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

　　② what + 形容詞 + 復數名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

　�、� what + 形容詞 + 不可數名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

　�、� how + 形容詞/副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

　　⑤ how + 形容詞 + a(n) + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

　�、� how + 主語 + 謂語!

　　5. i’m going to help ___ with ___ english.

　　a. a friend of nancy, hers b. a friend of nancy’s, her

　　c. a friend of nancy’s, hers d. a friend of nancy, her

　　答案：b

　　6. the two desks here are ___. you may use the desk over there.

　　a. mary and jane b. marys and janes c. mary and jane’s

　　d. mary’s and jane’s

　　答案：d