介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞（通用11篇）
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇1
你們看，我們來到了雄偉的故宮，故宮又稱紫禁城，是明清兩代的皇宮;故宮是世界上規(guī)模最大最完整的古代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑群，為我們國家最大的古建筑群。它使建于明永樂(公元14XX年)，XX年才完工呢，有24位皇帝在此登基。“好了，我們現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備去大殿里，請游客朋友們跟上隊(duì)伍，千萬別掉隊(duì)，否則走丟了，就找不到我們了!”好，現(xiàn)在跟隨我進(jìn)入大殿，故宮有三座大殿：太和殿，中和殿和保和殿。大殿建在漢白玉砌成的8米高的臺基上，遠(yuǎn)望猶如神話的瓊宮仙闕。太和殿是最富麗堂皇的建筑，俗稱“金鑾殿”，是皇上舉行大典的地方，這座殿高28米，東西63米，西北35米，有直徑達(dá)1米的大柱92根，其中6根圍繞御座的瀝粉金漆的潘龍柱。御座設(shè)在殿內(nèi)高2米的臺上，前有造型，美觀的仙鶴，爐，鼎，后面精雕細(xì)刻的圍屏。整個大殿裝飾得金碧輝煌，莊嚴(yán)絢麗。中和殿是皇上去太和殿舉行大典前稍事休息和演習(xí)禮儀的地方，保和殿是每年除夕皇帝賜宴外潘王公的場所。游客朋友們先休息一下，觀賞下這三個大殿，可以摸一摸，等下我們?nèi)?nèi)延，以乾清宮，交泰殿，坤寧宮為中心，東西兩翼有東六宮和西六宮，是皇上平日辦事和妃子居住的地方。“好，今天的活動到此結(jié)束!祝大家玩得開心”
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇2
親愛的游客朋友們，現(xiàn)在我們乘坐的是巴士四號汽車前往北京，觀賞世界歷史文化遺產(chǎn)之一——長城。很榮幸成為大家的導(dǎo)游。如果有什么問題，可以請教我。大家下車后一定要記住我們的車牌號，按規(guī)定時間返回。祝大家旅行愉快。
現(xiàn)在我先給大家介紹一下長城吧!長城是修筑在陡峭的山嶺之間，它從東頭的山海關(guān)一直修筑到西頭的嘉峪關(guān)，全長共有一萬三千多公里。它是中華人民力量和智慧的結(jié)晶，它是中華民族即將騰飛的巨龍的象征。游客們，我們的車已經(jīng)停到八達(dá)嶺上了。請看正前面有一塊(兒)石碑，上面有八達(dá)嶺幾個紅字，大家可以把它拍下來，做為一個到八達(dá)嶺的留念。
游客們，我們來到了長城的腳下。請大家低頭看看腳下，它是由一塊塊灰色的巨磚砌成的，十分平整，五六匹馬也可以并行。讓我們抬起頭來，長城就像蜿蜒的巨龍臥在連綿起伏的崇山峻嶺之間雄偉壯觀。八達(dá)嶺長城共有六個烽火臺。烽火臺共有三個門，其中中間一個最大，它的上面有許多小方塊圍成的一個正方形。古代時，在那里點(diǎn)火，表示那里有危險。這些烽火臺可以在兩至三個小時之間將情報(bào)傳到數(shù)千里以外的地方。烽火臺分兩層，上層是眺望臺，下層是士兵吃飯和睡覺的地方，可見烽火臺在當(dāng)時的軍事中著多么重要的作用啊!
游客們，再往下走我們就到“好漢坡”了，“好漢坡”是指只有好漢才能登上的險坡，是八達(dá)嶺的必經(jīng)之路，讓我們go!
經(jīng)過好漢坡，就到峰頂了。游客們，當(dāng)我們站在峰頂看看這前不見頭，后不見尾的巨龍的時候，真為我國古代勞動人民的無比智慧感到自豪和驕傲吧!
我們的長城之旅到此為止，希望大家有時間還來長城，也希望我的講解能給大家留下深刻的印象!byebye!
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇3
圓明園位于北京西郊，海淀區(qū)東部。原為清代大型皇家園林，占地約5200畝。舊頤和園建于清乾隆年間，被稱為萬園園。其占地面積與故宮面積相同，水域面積相當(dāng)于一座頤和園。
歷史上，舊頤和園是由舊頤和園、長春園和奇春園(萬春園)組成的。這三座花園相互毗鄰，被稱為頤和園。占地5200多畝(約350公頃)，比整個頤和園面積大近1000畝。它是清代封建皇帝150多年來，建立和經(jīng)營的一座大型皇家園林。雍正帝、乾隆帝、嘉慶帝、道光帝和咸豐帝都在圓明園生活了多年，在那里舉行了法庭會議。此外，它也是當(dāng)時的國家政治中心。
圓明園最初是康熙皇帝給殷臻(后來的雍正帝)的一個花園，是皇帝的第四子。到1707年，花園已經(jīng)成形。同年十一月，康熙皇帝參觀了圓明園。雍正帝1723年即位后，對原有的園林進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)建，在園林南面修建了更多的正大光明殿和秦政殿，并在軍事局設(shè)置了內(nèi)閣、六個部室和各種價值室，以“避公共和政治事務(wù)”。乾隆帝即位60年，頤和園舊址年復(fù)一年建設(shè)，每日修繕瓷器，疏浚石頭，飛銀千萬。除了對舊頤和園進(jìn)行部分增建外，他還在東部新建了長春花園，并將其并入東南部的奇春花園。到乾隆三十五年(1770年)，元明三園已經(jīng)形成。嘉慶年間，祁泉園主體進(jìn)行了改擴(kuò)建，使其成為主要的園林場所之一。道光年間，國家衰落，財(cái)力不足。然而，最好去掉萬壽、象山和玉泉的“三山”擺設(shè)，以避免熱河的暑熱和木蘭的狩獵，仍然不放棄三元和明園的重建和裝飾。
舊頤和園不僅以園林聞名，而且還是一座收藏豐富的皇家博物館。雨果曾經(jīng)說過：“即使把我國(法國)圣母院的所有珍寶都加在一起，也無法與這座宏偉的東方博物館相比。”這座花園裝飾精美，收藏了大量藝術(shù)珍品。據(jù)看過頤和園的西方人說，“這是歐洲人無法描述和想象的”。千家萬戶的皇家別墅里，積攢著各種珍貴的珍寶，“精美的紫檀木雕紋家具，精美的古裂紋琺瑯瓷瓶燈，織錦銀錦，地毯，皮具，鍍金純正法式鐘，總平面布置，典雅的皇宮寶石狩獵圖形嵌入式系統(tǒng)、栩栩如生的山水人物牌匾等各種精美產(chǎn)品，是國內(nèi)外奇形怪狀的裝飾品，名副其實(shí)。
舊頤和園是一座規(guī)模宏大、風(fēng)景秀麗的大型人工園林。山水平坦，園林建設(shè)精細(xì)，種樹種花。有斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的山巒、蜿蜒曲折的水榭、彎彎曲曲的廊道、島嶼、橋梁等，將廣闊的空間劃分成百余個大小由山川環(huán)繞、趣味各異的風(fēng)景組團(tuán)�；▓@里的水約占三個花園總面積的十分之四。大、中、小水面均在平地上人工開挖。花園里有250個大大小小的土堆。結(jié)合水系，水隨山而轉(zhuǎn)，山隨水而動，形成了多丘、多層次的園林空間。使整個園林像江南水一樣模糊，像燕水一樣模糊，可以說：雖被人所知，萬自天開。
舊頤和園體現(xiàn)了中國古代園林建筑藝術(shù)的精髓。乾隆帝說過：“真正的堯?qū)毜哿甑貐^(qū)，皇帝御佑，無非此�！倍以谑澜鐖@林建筑史上也占有重要地位。它的名聲傳到歐洲，被稱為萬園之園。偉大的法國作家雨果在1861年評論道：“你可以想象這是一座像月亮城堡一樣吸引人的建筑。
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇4
各位游客大家好，接下來，我們將前往香山公園景區(qū)。首先，請?jiān)试S簡要地介紹一下景區(qū)的概況。香山公園位于海淀區(qū)，北京市西郊,是國家AAAA級景區(qū)，北京市精品公園，20_年通過ISO9001國際質(zhì)量管理體系和ISO14001國際環(huán)境管理體系認(rèn)證。景區(qū)占地180余公頃，是一座歷史悠久、文化底蘊(yùn)豐富、具有山林特色的皇家園林。
香山公園歷史悠久，文物古跡眾多,早在1186年就出現(xiàn)了人文景觀。香山寺曾為京西寺廟之冠。
在遼代，這里是私人宅邸。當(dāng)時有個中丞名阿勒彌者，見這里山青水秀，遂建宅舍。金世宗完顏雍大定二十六年(1186)，始在此山建大永安寺，亦叫甘露寺，即現(xiàn)在香山寺之前身。金章宗時，又在此建會景樓和祭星臺建筑，從此皇家苑囿的規(guī)模初步形成。清乾隆十年(1745)，動用了大批人力、物力、財(cái)力，對香山進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模建設(shè)，形成了盛清時期京西“三山五園”之一，即"靜宜園"。此時園內(nèi)景物非凡，建筑多樣，各式的亭臺樓閣、廊軒館榭、牌坊、廟宇等分布在山巒坡坎之上，掩映在茂林綠蔭之中。
香山四季美景不斷。如果把北京西郊比作北京現(xiàn)代化大都市的"后花園"。那么,歷史悠久的香山公園便以"春天山花爛漫,夏日清爽宜人,深秋紅葉飄丹,冬林銀妝素裹"的自然景觀,成為北京西郊的綠谷"氧吧"。公園內(nèi)樹木繁多,森林覆蓋率達(dá)96%，僅古樹名木就有5800余株，占北京城區(qū)的四分之一，公園具有獨(dú)特的"山川、名泉、古樹、紅葉"資源。香山紅葉馳名中外，1986年被評為"新北京十六景"之一，成為首都秋季最靚麗的一道景觀，每到深秋時節(jié)，數(shù)以萬計(jì)的中外游客齊聚香山，共賞秋色。
也許各位會問，香山問什么叫做香山呢?大家不妨猜猜看。
(可能是五花八門的答案，也可能，是有人知道的)
其實(shí)，香山的得名原因有三種說法，其一是：香山海拔557米，最高峰頂有一塊巨大的乳峰石，形狀像香爐，晨昏之際，云霧繚繞，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去，猶如爐中香煙裊裊上升，故名香爐山，簡稱香山。
圓靈應(yīng)現(xiàn)殿兩側(cè)各設(shè)罩子門一座。殿后高臺之上，是“眼界寬”廠廳一座三間。正間外檐向東掛“眼界寬”匾一面，粉油藍(lán)字，乾隆寶。眼界寬南北接出游廊，又似環(huán)爬山廊，曲折而上，與“青霞寄逸”樓相連。
青霞寄逸為兩層歇山頂，上下各三間的樓一座。下層前檐向東掛“青霞寄逸”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆寶。第二層，樓外檐向東掛“鷲峰云涌”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆寶。]j_2PSJG
青霞寄逸樓下，靠壁建有“水月空明”殿一座三間。正殿外檐向東掛“水月空明”匾一面，綠地藍(lán)字，乾隆寶。
水月空明殿前建有“詹卜香林”六方亭式樓一座三間。第一層，亭外前檐向東掛“詹卜香林”匾一面，粉油藍(lán)字，乾隆寶。第二層，亭外前檐向東掛“無住法.輪”匾一面，粉油藍(lán)字，乾隆寶。第三層，內(nèi)隔斷上掛“能仁妙覺”匾對一分，乾隆寶。亭外前檐向東掛“光明蓮界”匾一面，粉油藍(lán)字，乾隆寶。
雙清泉
雙清泉位于古老的香山寺腳下，為香山南山之水。根據(jù)《天府廣記》記載:“丹砂井在香山下，相傳為葛稚川丹井。二井，一泉水上涌，一泉水橫流，味及甘甜�！鼻』实墼谙闵届o宜園休息時，品嘗泉水，覺得清涼甘甜，連聲叫好，賜名為“雙清”，御筆題名命人刻在石壁上。雙清泉從雙清下流知樂濠、過瓔珞巖、流入帶水屏山(靜翠湖)，流入園外。
佳日亭
佳日亭是香山公園內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜的仿唐式亭臺建筑，它位于位于眼鏡湖南側(cè)，最初是拍攝電視劇《唐明皇》的時候搭建的一個道具，因其與周圍景致極為協(xié)調(diào)，許多游人在此爭先合影留念，而后改建為“佳日亭”。
見心齋
見心齋位于公園內(nèi)北門內(nèi)西側(cè)，是園中之園。始建于明嘉靖年間(1522-1566)頗具江南特色的園林庭院，清嘉慶年間續(xù)建。傳說是皇帝鑒證大臣是否對他忠心的地方，故名見心齋。院內(nèi)半圓形水池三面環(huán)以圍廊彩畫，正殿見心齋正對知魚亭，齋后為正凝堂，魚池內(nèi)1000多尾紅鯽錦鯉暢游，使這別致的小院充滿了生機(jī)。
昭廟
宗鏡大昭之廟，又稱“昭廟”，始建于乾隆四十五年(1780)七月。它是為迎接班禪六世來京向乾隆皇帝祝賀七十大大壽而建的，故世稱之為班禪行宮。乾隆四十五年九月十九日，宗鏡大昭之廟開光。六世班禪額爾德尼于乾隆四十五年九月二十日來到香山靜宜園，在其行宮內(nèi)游覽休息。乾隆四十五年十一月初三日，班禪額爾德尼由于身染痘癥，系毒火太盛，于戌時圓寂于西黃寺內(nèi)。
雙清別墅
香山雙清別墅位于香山公園南麓的半山腰，環(huán)境幽雅，以其蒼翠的竹林、遮天蔽日的銀杏、挺拔的松柏、古樸的建筑引人前往。然而真正使這個地方聞名天下的并不是她的秀麗風(fēng)光，而是因?yàn)檫@里曾是毛主席住過的地方，曾是中共中央的指揮中心，曾發(fā)生過扭轉(zhuǎn)中國命運(yùn)決定中國前途的大事。黨的七屆二中全會在西柏坡勝利閉幕后，以農(nóng)村包圍城市為戰(zhàn)略思想的毛澤東，實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的夙愿，提出要大踏步地前進(jìn)，到北平去!毛澤東主席風(fēng)趣地說：“走啦，咱們這是進(jìn)京趕考!”1949年3月25日中共中央從西柏坡遷入香山雙清。在雙清別墅，毛澤東主席指揮了渡江戰(zhàn)役，在這里籌備了新政協(xié)，籌建了新中國，在這里寫下了《人民解放軍占領(lǐng)南京》等膾炙人口的不朽詩篇。1994年，雙清別墅被命名為“北京市青少年教育基地”。這里有毛澤東當(dāng)年生活工作過的原狀陳列;有毛澤東與愛子親切交談的地方----六角紅亭。有記錄一代偉人的《毛澤東在雙清活動展覽》……�！睹珴蓶|在雙清活動展覽》由《從西柏坡到北平香山》、《毛澤東在雙清》、《領(lǐng)袖生活在香山》三部分組成，集中反映了毛澤東等老一輩無產(chǎn)階級革.命家運(yùn)籌帷幄決勝千里之外的軍事才能，反映了老一輩無產(chǎn)階級革.命家艱苦奮斗的革.命歷程。
雙清別墅是廣大青少年進(jìn)行愛國主義和革.命傳統(tǒng)教育的校外課堂，是企事業(yè)單位、學(xué)校組織過主題黨日、團(tuán)日、隊(duì)日活動的好場所。香山公園也充分利用這一資源，通過“我為雙清站一崗”、“愛北京，愛博物館”征文等形式開展形式多樣的愛國主義教育活動，公園在雙清別墅設(shè)立了有關(guān)毛澤東的圖書和紀(jì)念品專柜，增加播放“毛澤東在雙清”專題片和相關(guān)史料宣傳片。
碧云寺
碧云寺創(chuàng)建于1331年，至今已有近720_年的歷史，是國家級文物保護(hù)單位。碧云寺原為元代開國元勛耶律楚材舍宅修建，原名碧云庵，據(jù)說當(dāng)初在修建時，正值碧空如洗，白云出岫，可謂“碧色凈如云”，于是命名。后經(jīng)明清兩代多次修繕擴(kuò)建才形成今天的規(guī)模，并于明正德年間改名為“碧云寺”。1920_年，孫中山先生在京病逝，靈柩在碧云寺停放，直到1920_年才移至南京的中山陵，為了永久緬懷一代偉人，寺內(nèi)設(shè)有孫中山紀(jì)念堂和孫中山先生衣冠冢。
碧云寺整組建筑以排列在中軸線上的六進(jìn)院落為主體，南北各配一組院落，層層殿堂依山勢迭起，由山門至金剛寶座塔，高度相差100余米，總體布局采用迥旋串連引人入勝的建造形式，每進(jìn)院落各具特色，給人以層出不窮之感，院內(nèi)香氣彌漫，鐘磬聲悠，幡幢微蕩。
據(jù)史料記載，1748年，乾隆皇帝對碧云寺進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的修建，在保存原有寺院的基礎(chǔ)上，修建了金剛寶座塔、羅漢堂和水泉院，由于原有建筑無較大變動，因此碧云寺建筑和文物基本保留了明代風(fēng)格。乾隆皇帝曾經(jīng)在游歷碧云寺時題寫了“西山佛寺累百，惟碧云以宏麗著稱……”的詩句(摘自《乾隆御制碧云寺碑文》)，由此可知，碧云寺在京西寺廟中具有很高的地位。
孫中山紀(jì)念堂
孫中山紀(jì)念堂座落在香山碧云寺內(nèi)，自1977年10月1日正式對游人開放以來，成千上萬的社會各界人士紛紛前來瞻仰參觀，是革.命傳統(tǒng)教育和愛國主義教育的重要基地。紀(jì)念堂內(nèi)正中安放著中國國民黨中央委員會暨全國各地中山學(xué)校敬獻(xiàn)的中山先生漢白玉全身塑像，左右墻壁上鑲嵌著用漢白玉雕刻的孫中山先生所寫的《致蘇聯(lián)遺書》，正廳西北隅陳列著1920_年3月30日蘇聯(lián)人民送來的玻璃蓋鋼棺，堂內(nèi)還陳列著孫中山先生的遺墨、遺著。
正廳兩側(cè)的中山先生紀(jì)念堂展覽室集中反映了孫中山先生革.命的一生，為人們更好地了解中山先生的生平、生活暨革.命業(yè)績提供了珍貴、豐富的教材。第一展室內(nèi)容分為六個部分：求學(xué)立志、致力革.命、推翻帝制、創(chuàng)建民國、討袁護(hù)法、偉大轉(zhuǎn)折。概括了中山先生為了追求真理，振興中華，經(jīng)過艱苦卓絕的斗爭，推翻了大清王朝，結(jié)束了封建帝制，開創(chuàng)了中國乃至亞洲民主共和的新紀(jì)元，將中國革.命推向了一個新的階段。第二展室分五個部分：抱病北上、病逝北京、暫厝香山、移靈南下、緬懷偉人。介紹了中山先生為了國家的和平統(tǒng)一，毅然抱病北上，直至生命的最后一息。
偉大的愛國者和革.命先行者孫中山先生，深受世界炎黃子孫崇敬和愛戴，黨的_大稱頌他是“中國百年巨變的第一位偉人。”毛澤東曾說：“他全心全意地為了改造中國而耗費(fèi)了畢生的精力，真是鞠躬盡瘁，死而后已�！睂O中山先生為了祖國的和平和統(tǒng)一，四處奔走，直到生命的最后一刻。他癌魔纏身，不顧自己的安危，累死在北京、暫厝香山的過程就是集中的體現(xiàn)。1920_年10月，馮玉祥發(fā)動北京政變，電邀孫中山先生北上共謀國是。為了國家能和平統(tǒng)一，中山先生發(fā)表了《北上宣言》，召開國民會議重申反對帝國主義和封建軍閥，廢除不平等條約。11月13日，中山先生毅然抱病由廣州北上。由于長途勞累，他的肝病發(fā)作，到達(dá)北京時，病情急劇惡化已是生命垂危。臨終之前，他立下了《國事》、《家事》、《致蘇聯(lián)政府》三個遺囑;彌留之際，他仍支撐精神掙扎著留下“和平……奮斗……救中國 ”的遺言。
1920_年3月12日上午9時10分，孫中山先生在北京與世長辭。19日中山先生的靈櫬停放在中央公園(現(xiàn)中山公園)，社會各界隆重公祭后，于4月2日靈櫬移至香山碧云寺金剛寶座塔石券門內(nèi)暫厝。1920_年5月，南京中山陵落成。5月22日，宋慶齡及親屬、醫(yī)、衛(wèi)，在這里為中山先生斂服，復(fù)大斂于待奉移之銅棺，將更換出的中山先生的衣帽，放回原斂之楠木棺中，封入金剛寶座塔石塔內(nèi)。在碧云寺普明妙覺殿(現(xiàn)紀(jì)念堂)設(shè)靈堂，舉行了莊重的靈櫬奉移典禮。5月26日移靈南下，6月1日，中山先生的遺體于南京中山陵奉安禮成。為紀(jì)念中山先生遺體暫厝之地，時“國民政府”在普明妙覺殿立“總理紀(jì)念堂”，在金剛寶座塔石券門石塔立“總理衣冠�！�。新中國成立以后，人民政府重修碧云寺后復(fù)命名為“孫中山紀(jì)念堂”(宋慶齡題寫)和“孫中山先生衣冠�！�，以為后人瞻仰。
為人類社會進(jìn)步作出貢獻(xiàn)的人永遠(yuǎn)會活在人們的心中;而一切逆歷史潮流的人都沒有好下場，正如中山先生題詞的那樣“世界潮流浩浩蕩蕩，順之則昌，逆之則亡。”我們希望祖國早日統(tǒng)一，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復(fù)興，以慰籍中山先生的赤膽忠心!
卓錫泉
碧云寺卓錫泉是香山北源之水。卓錫泉在明代就很有名了。《長安客話》載:“水自寺后，石巖出，噴薄入小渠，人以卓錫明之。”卓錫泉得名傳說是一得道高僧，口渴至極，用帶錫制小環(huán)的禪杖，一卓(卓即點(diǎn)擊的意思)底下的石頭，石頭間涌出清泉，故名。有詩“跟深連地脈，溜曲繞珠寺”真切地描述了泉水折流寺院的情景。卓錫泉水點(diǎn)綴了“天水一色”，流入“能仁寂照”金魚池，出碧云寺至眼鏡湖西坡上，小部分流如眼鏡湖，主流到見心齋，經(jīng)昭廟方河，繞土山到勤政殿遺址后到月牙河，流入園外。
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇5
Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a "bay", so it has been called "Beijing bay"since ancient times.
Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.
Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.
Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named "Ji". From then on, thename of "Yanjing" has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties.At the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin Dynasty.It officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guang'anmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of today's old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 years.After the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.
The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural scenery.Here are the world's wonders of the Great Wall, the world's most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇6
大家好，我是你們的導(dǎo)游，我姓張，你們叫我張導(dǎo)就行了。我們要去的地方就是聞名天下的建筑—頤和園。
大家請隨我來，此刻我們繞過大殿，我們站的地方就是赫赫有名的長廊。橫檻上有許許多多的畫。畫有鳥獸蟲魚、花草樹木、景物，當(dāng)然還有我們?nèi)祟�。你們相信嗎一萬多幅畫，沒有哪兩幅是相同的。橫檻上還畫著許多故事。
走完長廊，我們就來到萬壽山的腳下。抬頭一看，一座八角寶塔形的三層建筑聳立在半山腰上。一排排金碧輝煌的宮殿，就是排云殿。
大家往前看，看那一片湖，那就是昆明湖。這篇湖靜的相面鏡子，綠的像塊碧玉。大家就應(yīng)能夠聽到游船上的那些游客的歡聲笑語
在昆明湖的上面，就是萬壽山。站在那里，我們能夠看見頤和園的所有景色。
大家快快跟我來看看這美麗的石橋，這個石橋有十七個洞，中間的最大。這橋叫十七孔橋。而且上面都雕刻這栩栩如上，姿態(tài)不一，活靈活現(xiàn)的小獅子，這些小獅子，沒有那兩只的姿態(tài)是相同的。
頤和園到處都有美麗的景色。但是這天的旅游到此結(jié)束，期望大家能夠下次再來，我隨時愿意在當(dāng)大家的導(dǎo)游。
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇7
各位朋友：此刻呢，我們來到了天安門廣場，我先為大家做一個簡單的介紹，天安門廣場是目前世界上最大的城市中心廣場，它位于北京市區(qū)的中心.天安門廣場呈長方形，南北長880米，東西寬500米，總面積44萬平方米。如果人們肩并肩地站在廣場上，整個廣場可容納100萬人，就是說全北京總?cè)丝诘?/13都能夠同時站在那里，夠大的吧!
在明清時期廣場可沒有這么大，當(dāng)時它呈“T”字形，“T”字的那一橫就是我們這天的長安街，那一豎就是從此刻的國旗桿前至毛主席紀(jì)念堂前的這一長條形區(qū)域，在這一區(qū)域的兩側(cè)是按文東武西的格局分布著當(dāng)時政府機(jī)關(guān)。解放后，原先廣場兩側(cè)的建筑被拆除，從而構(gòu)成了這天廣場的基本格局。
在天安門廣場的四周，有很多著名的建筑，此刻我為大家以順時針方向做一個簡單介紹，就讓我們以廣場西側(cè)的人民大會堂開始吧!人民大會堂位于天安門廣場西側(cè)，是全國人民代表參政、議政、舉行重大會議，當(dāng)家作主行使主權(quán)的地方，建成于1959年，最高處46.5米，是此刻廣場上的最高建筑。整個大會堂由三部分組成，南部為人大常委會辦公樓，中部為萬人大會堂，北端是國宴大廳，整座建筑自設(shè)計(jì)到完工只用了10個月，是我國建筑史上的一個奇跡。
在廣場的北端是大家都很熟悉的天安門城樓，它是新中國的象征，就是在天安門城樓上，1949年10月1日毛主席向全世界人民莊嚴(yán)宣告，“中華人民共和國成立了!中國人民從此站起來了!”：
廣場的東側(cè)矗立著中國歷史博物館及中國革命博物館，完工于1959年，那里是收藏并展覽中國古代、近代歷史文物及革命文物的主要場所。
在人民英雄紀(jì)念碑的南面是毛主席紀(jì)念堂，原先在那里曾有一座門，明代叫大明門，清代叫大清門，民國時又改為中華門，解放后拆除，1976年毛主席逝世后在其基址上建起了莊嚴(yán)肅穆的毛主席紀(jì)念堂。紀(jì)念堂建成于1977年，是為紀(jì)念偉大領(lǐng)袖毛主席而建，此刻毛主席的遺體安然地躺在水晶棺中，供人們憑吊、瞻仰、表達(dá)深深的敬意。
廣場的正中，巍巍聳立著中國第一碑——人民英雄紀(jì)念碑，它是為了紀(jì)念那些自1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭至1949年中華人民共和國成立這一百多年來為中華民族的獨(dú)立及自由而拋頭顱、灑熱血的人民英雄們而建。整座紀(jì)念碑高37.94米，座落在雙層基座之上，碑座四周鑲嵌有八幅漢白玉浮雕，反映了中國近百年革命歷史。紀(jì)念碑的背面是毛主席起草，周總理手書的碑文，正面是毛主席親筆題寫的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八個鎦金大字。
天安門廣場是中國近代革命的見證人，反帝反封建的五四運(yùn)動、三˙一八慘案、一二˙九都發(fā)生在那里。天安門廣場也是新中國誕生的見證人，更是這天人民幸福生活的見證人。此刻，它已被全國人民評為“中國第一景”，每一天都有來自海內(nèi)外的朋友們到此參觀游覽。
好!不多說啦!各位必須想在那里照幾張相吧此刻就請各位自由拍照，10分鐘后我們在北面國旗桿處集合，謝謝大家!
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇8
he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.
Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent
Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.
The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.
There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.
The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).
The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.
The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.
The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.
The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.
The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.
On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.
Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.
Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.
Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.
Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.
Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.
The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.
Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.
Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.
The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.
Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.
Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.
According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.
The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.
The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.
The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.
In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇9
Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction
Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.
The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.
The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Di'anmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: "the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Di'anmenwere demolished after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇10
Old Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing City,Eastern Haidian District. The original Qing Dynasty a large Royal River, coversan area of about 5200 acres, the layout is inverted triangle, a total area of350 hectares. Old Summer Palace " garden of gardens " good name, it was built inthe Qing emperor Qian Long years, the original pavilions, terraces and openhalls at more than 140, a total area of 3500000 square meters. It's land areaand the construction of the Imperial Palace, water area and is a the SummerPalace.
The history of Old Summer Palace, is composed of Old Summer Palace,Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden ( Wanchun Garden ). Three Park tightlyadjoin, commonly known as the old summer palace. A total area of 5200 acres (350 hectares ), the entire range of larger than the the Summer Palace nearlyqianmu. It is feudal emperors in Qing Dynasty more than 150 years, by creatingand operating a large Royal palace. Yong Zheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing EmperorDaoguang, Xianfeng, five, had been living in the Old Summer Palace leisurelyenjoyment, and in this holding assembly, and politics, it is similar to theForbidden City ( the Imperial Palace) as the political center of the country,was clear Dili special called " Royal park ".
Old Summer Palace was originally granted to his four son of emperor KangxiYin Zhen (later emperor Yong Zheng the garden ). Kangxi in forty-six years thatthe year 1707, park has begun to take shape. In November the same year, EmperorKangxi had at the Old Summer Palace tours. The emperor Yong Zheng ascended thethrone in 1723, expanding the original Grant Park, and in the South Parkbuilding be open and aboveboard Temple main hall and the cabinet, and in six,the value of real military department, to avoid the " Royal master ". In the 60year of the reign of emperor Qian Long, one day, old summer palace construction,repair, dredges the water shift stone, silver million fee. In addition to hisold summer palace built on local, alterations, and the East New Changchun Park,in the southeast of adjacent incorporated Qi spring garden. In the thirty-fiveyears to 1770 three, the Yuan Ming garden pattern is formed basically. Dynasty,mainly on Qi spring garden was renovated and the extension of the building,which became the main garden occupies the place of one. Daoguang Dynasty, statedeclines, shortage of financial resources, but rather from Chaenomeles,Xiangshan, Yuquan " hills", furnishings, Jehol and Magnolia summer hunting,still did not give up the three Park renovation and decoration.
Old Summer Palace, garden not only known, but also a collection of theRoyal Museum, very rich, is a cultural treasure house. Hugo once said: "even ifthe ( French ) all Notre Dame all the treasures together, the same can not belarge and magnificent Huang Museum comparable to the east. " The luxuriousfurnishings exquisite, has a large collection of art treasures. According to theOld Summer Palace seen Westerners description, " Park splendid brilliant scene,not to can trace the color so called, nor the Europeans can see ". " All kindsof valuable treasures, are accumulated in the Royal Cottage Hotel, numeroushouseholds. " The finest sandalwood carved furniture, exquisite ancientporcelain and enamel bottle lamp broken lines, Zhijin silver brocade fabric,carpet, leather, gilded gold French clock, exquisite Old Summer Palace layout,gem embedded hunting figure, landscape character true to life likeness of theplaque, and their various other artistic products and a variety of Europeanlustrous and dazzling. Ornaments, have everything that one expects to find.
Old Summer Palace is the artificial creation of a grand scale, thebeautiful scenery of the landscape. Flat mountain and water purification,landscape architecture, plant more trees and flowers. In the discontinuoushills, winding surface and pavilions, winding corridor, island, bridgeembankment, the vast space into a size of more than 100 landscape encircle,interest varied scenery group. The water park is about three 4/10 of the totalarea of the park, on the ground in artificial cut the medium small surface, bycircle rayon flow channel is connected in series with a complete water system ofrivers and lakes. Park and decorated with stacked has greatly small hill 250,and drainage combined with mountains, water, hill because of live water, formedthe mountain complex water transfer, layer upon layer of garden space. Theentire landscape as Jiangnan like smoke blurred, true it may be said: Althoughpeople do, since the days of the wan.
Old Summer Palace embodies the ancient Chinese gardening art essence, wasthe most splendid large-scale landscape. The emperor Qian Long said: " it is YaoBao Kobold region, Emperor Yu tour, no more than this ". And gardens in theworld history of architecture also occupies an important position. Itspopularity to Europe, known as the " garden of gardens ". The famous Frenchwriter Hugo in 1861 had this to say: " you just imagine it is a thrillinglonging, as the Moon Castle like building, Summer Palace ( the Old Summer Palace) is a building. " People often say : the Greek Parthenon temple in Egypt,Pyramid, Rome Coliseum, Oriental palace. "It is a matter of the incomparablemasterpiece as the acme of perfection ".
Old Summer Palace the world garden, to ten years Xianfeng, in 1860 October,by British and French troops barbarian raid burned down, become China's modernhistory of humiliation history page.
Now the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park, the site for the theme, forming asolid history and full of vibrant garden atmosphere a unique combination oftourism landscape, not only has the important political and historical value, itis a unique tourist destination. The tragedy of Old Summer Palace was destroyed,was the symbol of national humiliation, the rebirth of the Old Summer Palace,has become and will continue to make efforts to become the Chinese nation, thetestimony of increasingly thriving and prosperous. With the introduction ofspecial planning, 20___ basically completed the Old Summer Palace Ruins Parkgoal has been clearly shown in front of us.
We firmly believe that a green Old Summer Palace will become a bright pearlof green Olympic Games; a basic integrity of the Old Summer Palace will become abright spot of humanistic olympics.
介紹北京的導(dǎo)游詞 篇11
Dear tourists, we are now here to Tiananmen Square, the largest city centersquare in the world, with an area of 440000 square meters. Moreover, thegeographical location of Beijing in the world is determined by the longitude andlatitude of the square (east longitude: 116 ° 23 ′ 17 ″, north latitude: 39 ° 54′ 27 ″),. It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching thehistorical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it wasonce called chengtianmen square. There was a T-shaped square. Of course, it isno longer there. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Tiananmen Square. Afterthe revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place formass movements. The famous May 4th movement, the 129 student movement and so ontook place here. The most famous event here, I believe you all know, was thefounding ceremony on October 1, 1949, when 300000 people gathered here tocelebrate the founding of new China. After liberation, the T-shaped square wasdemolished and large buildings such as the monument to the people's heroes, theGreat Hall of the people, the history museum and the revolutionary museum werebuilt. In 1976, after the death of the president, the memorial hall of thepresident was built on the original position of the Chinese gate, thus formingthe architectural pattern of the square today. In the 50th anniversary of thenational day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovation, making thesquare more beautiful, spectacular and clean. You must be looking forward to theTiananmen Square I described. It doesn't matter. I will introduce it to you oneby one in the next tour.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian gate.It was just a wooden archway, which means "to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven". However, it was burned down in the MingDynasty. Later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperor's respect of 95. But at the end of MingDynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the QingDynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed Tian'anmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed dai'an, and the three mainhalls of the Forbidden City were renamed dai'he, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. This is what we are looking at now. It iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. The base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient China, with aheight of 1.59 meters. The platform is 14.6 meters high. And the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.
This is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. Inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of "Jinfeng imperial edict" was held on the city tower. After theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved Golden Phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. The Golden Phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. The officials of the Ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the Dragon Pavilion to praise the Ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )And whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. The most important moment for new China was also bornhere. The chairman solemnly announced the founding of new China on the TiananmenGate Tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new China.The portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.
The river in front of Tiananmen tower is called Jinshui River. Then why isit called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest ofBeijing, and in the Yin Yang and five elements, the West belongs to Jin and theNorth belongs to water, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are Jinshui bridge. The two bridges next to themare called Gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the Taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the Cultural Palace of the working people andZhongshan Park. The one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. The two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. The two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.
In front of Jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and right.The one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. Howcan we tell the male from the female? Because the male master's foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. Now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. There were a pair of Huabiaobefore and after Tiananmen Square. In fact, the original name of Huabiao was FeiMu. It was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into today's Huabiao. The monster at the top ofit is called Hou. The one on the North China watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the people's feelings.The one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the Palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.
Now please turn back. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. On bothsides of the royal road, there were Qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. On the south side of Chang'an Street, with the red wall extending to theEast and West, there were 34 corridors, so Qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. Atthe southernmost end of the imperial Road, damingmen was in the Ming Dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the Qing Dynasty; The gates on the East andwest sides are Chang'an left gate and Chang'an right gate, which are also calledLongmen and Humen respectively. After the scientific examination, Huang Bangannounced in the left gate of Chang'an that the Jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called Longmen. The reason forHumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of Chang'an, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace Hukou is called Humen. These are all related to the five elements.
In ancient China, there was a saying of "wendongwuxi", so on the East andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of Wufu Liubu. On the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the Great Hallof the people, are the five army governor's office and the secret service royalguards. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the Imperial City, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsideLongmen Humen.
Now we can't see the trace of that time. Instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.
On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people. It startedconstruction in October 1958 and lasted for one year. It was completed beforethe National Day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. The wholebuilding is like a "mountain". The highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in Tiananmen Square. The great hall is dividedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand people'sCongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. There is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. The decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the Party Central Committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in China; In the south is the officebuilding of the National People's Congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as Chongqing hall, Hong Kong hall, etc.
In the northeast of the square is the Museum of the Chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on July 1, 61. The main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the May 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. Southeast of the square is theChinese history museum. Its predecessor is the Beijing History Museum. In 26, itwas changed into the National History Museum. Four years later, it was changedinto the Beiping History Museum of Academia Sinica. In April 34, it was changedinto the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Beiping HistoryMuseum. Its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofXia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.
Facing the Tiananmen Gate Tower is the monument to the people's heroes.According to the resolution of the first plenary session of the Chinese people'sPolitical Consultative Conference in September 49, the monument to the people'sheroes was built in Tiananmen Square. More than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. Finally, itwas decided that Liang Sicheng's design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. That's what we see today.52.8.1 was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. The 100 ton core stone was transported from Qingdao to Beijing. After aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. The body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. The base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.
The front of the monument faces Tiananmen Square and is inlaid with goldplate. The chairman wrote "the people's heroes are immortal". On the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by Premier Zhou(over the past three years, the people's heroes who died in the people'sLiberation War and the people's revolution are immortal) Over the past 30 years,the people's heroes who died in the people's Liberation War and the people'srevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. Since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand people's freedom and happiness, the people's heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. There are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. From the East, the order is: Humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the Wuchang movement, the 54 Movement, the May 30 movement,the Nanchang uprising, the Anti Japanese War, and the victory across the river.On both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the people's Liberation Army. Thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.
To the south of the monument to the people's Heroes is the chairman'smemorial hall. The construction of the memorial hall started on November 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. Officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairman's death. In front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. The South Gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. The 30 redflags outside the South Gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inChina. The platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the Dadu River. Around the foundation stone are stones from MountEverest and water from the Chinese Taiwan Strait. The main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden Phoebe gate on the south side of the North Hall, where the chairman'sbody is placed; the South Hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairman's poem "Manjianghong" is engraved. On the East and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old revolutionary.Now the memorial room of Deng Xiaoping has been added.
Behind the chairman's memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,Zhengyang gate. In the past, Zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the LORD was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. Now it's the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in Beijing.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the traffic hub between Xicheng andNancheng was Qipan street. Now it is probably located in the square between thechairman's memorial hall and Zhengyangmen tower.
In fact, Tiananmen Square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. Tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. Zeng Liansong, the designer of China's nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. This super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. At the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew China.
The original flagpole base of Tian'anmen Square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. So the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on February 25, 1991. The plane of the new baseis three layers. The first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. The second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. The third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. In addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.
The new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by Shougang. It isdivided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. It will notrust in 20 years.
The flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. Every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. The national anthem is played. During festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. If you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.