湖北武漢歸元寺解說詞范文
歸元寺是中國國務(wù)院首批公布的開展宗教活動(dòng)的重點(diǎn)寺廟，屬國家AAAA級(jí)景點(diǎn)，下面第一范文網(wǎng)小編為大家?guī)砹撕蔽錆h歸元寺解說詞范文，希望對(duì)你有所幫助!
歸元寺解說詞
上有寶光，下有西園，北有碧云，中有歸元。”歸元禪寺位于武漢漢陽翠微峰下的翠微路西側(cè)，與古琴臺(tái)相鄰。言“歸元無二路，方便有多門。”歸元寺寺名即來源于此。歸元寺原址為明代的私人花園，到一六五八年，由園主布施給化緣和尚在此修造了三座小塔，塔中掩埋無主的尸骨。后來蛻薪鄧財(cái)物修建寺廟，又經(jīng)歷代陸續(xù)重建，遂成為今日的格局�，F(xiàn)歸元寺建筑面積二萬多平方米?
主體建筑分內(nèi)外兩院。外院主要由門樓、庭院、池塘組成;內(nèi)院由北院藏經(jīng)閣、中院大雄寶殿及南院羅漢堂三個(gè)主體建筑，以及天王殿、地藏王殿等組成。歸元寺給人的一個(gè)突出印象是它的建筑風(fēng)格與其他寺院不大一致。它不具有整齊對(duì)稱的宏大格局，卻略顯雜亂。原來，初建寺院時(shí)，化緣的和尚無法在短期內(nèi)湊聚足夠的錢財(cái)做整體安排。有錢時(shí)就趕快買地?fù)屝蓿駝t等到錢籌集足夠時(shí)，周圍構(gòu)想中的地方則已被別人搶先買了。和尚們不得已，只能夠有一筆錢就修一處。山門朝東，建筑物卻由南向北逐次側(cè)進(jìn)。與一般大叢林相比，歸元寺“百尺茂林，千桿修竹，紅分日剎，綠繞云房”，多彩多姿，秀麗宜人。
經(jīng)過荷葉滴綠、蓮花盛開的蓮池，就是大雄寶殿，殿內(nèi)釋迦像兩旁是海島觀音，以及二十四諸天等像，放置在一個(gè)傾斜的面上，工藝水平極高。尤為值得注意的是，釋迦像前供桌的垂簾，它不是一般的紡織物，而是木刻而成的木質(zhì)垂簾。垂簾古樸典雅造型獨(dú)特，有較高的欣賞價(jià)值，是一件不可多得的藝術(shù)珍品。
向北而行可到藏經(jīng)閣，其建筑壯麗，裝飾典雅，是歸元寺收藏文物的寶庫。閣內(nèi)藏有清一套和貝葉真經(jīng)、牙雕或銅鑄佛像，俱為珍品，此外尚有國外贈(zèng)送的佛事文物若干。正廳陳列了一座緬甸玉雕釋迦佛像，十分精美。
藏經(jīng)閣向西，繞過大士閣，南行至南院的羅漢堂，進(jìn)入內(nèi)室，可以看見呈”田”字形排列的五百羅漢。它們起伏坐臥，喜怒哀樂，各具姿色，各富特色，或盤腿端坐、或抱石問天、或研讀佛經(jīng)、或驅(qū)除邪魔，動(dòng)作各不相同，有的勇武、有的溫和、有的天真憨坦、有的飽經(jīng)滄桑，表情個(gè)個(gè)有異，有的在怡然自得地掏耳朵，有的在百無聊賴地打著呵欠，使人忍俊不禁。羅漢制作的工藝水平很高，為十九世紀(jì)末清光緒年間黃陂縣王氏父子費(fèi)時(shí)九年制成。工藝上采用了漆布脫胎漆型的特殊方法:先用泥胎塑制模型，再用厚布、生漆逐層粘貼套塑，并使每座羅漢的頭部、兩肩、肋骨、腿骨等各自形成一個(gè)傾向，從而用藝術(shù)的線條形象勾勒出一個(gè)大的面，使動(dòng)作、表情各異。這種工藝方法既利于固形，經(jīng)久不變，又能夠防腐，經(jīng)久不壞，此法為中國獨(dú)有。一四年武漢發(fā)大水，五百羅漢滿堂飄浮，水退之后卻完好無損，因此武漢民間又有了“五百羅漢洗過澡”的說法。
歸元寺也是近代佛學(xué)復(fù)興的發(fā)源地之一。一九二二年間春，太虛法師在歸元寺講經(jīng)弘法，時(shí)聽者甚眾，激發(fā)太虛弘法志愿，與兩湖聽講的名流商議，為更好地弘法利生，必須設(shè)立佛學(xué)院，廣泛培養(yǎng)佛學(xué)人才，此是武昌佛學(xué)院得以興辦的緣起之一。
歸元寺導(dǎo)游詞介紹
歸元寺以建筑完美、雕塑絕妙、珍藏豐富而聲震佛門，港澳同胞、海外僑胞以及許多外國游客包括各國政要如柬埔寨西哈努克國王、美國國務(wù)卿基辛格、新加坡前總理李光耀、日本首相中曾根康弘等都曾先后來此觀賞，并分別向該寺贈(zèng)送禮品。
歸元寺位于武漢市內(nèi)，是清順治十五年(1658)浙江僧人白光、主峰來此創(chuàng)建的。1983年被國務(wù)院確定為漢地全國重點(diǎn)佛教寺院�，F(xiàn)為湖北省佛教協(xié)會(huì)和武漢市佛教協(xié)會(huì)的所在地。這里古樹參天，花木繁茂，泉清水綠，曲徑通幽，是“漢西一境”，取“歸元性不二,方便有多門”的佛偈而命名。
歸元寺由北院、中院和南院三個(gè)各具特色的庭院組成，擁有藏經(jīng)閣、大雄寶殿、羅漢堂三組主要建筑，占地面積17500多平方米。北院的主要建筑是藏經(jīng)樓，是一座兩側(cè)五開間的樓閣式建筑，高約25米，頂為大脊，魚角搬爪，飛栱飛檐，古樸玲瓏;當(dāng)面為四柱通天，雙鳳朝陽，五龍戲珠。整個(gè)建筑精巧壯觀，金碧輝煌。這里藏有許多佛教文物，除藏經(jīng)外，還有佛像、法物、石雕、書畫碑帖及外文典籍，是國內(nèi)收藏佛像較多的一個(gè)佛寺。1935年太虛法師出訪緬甸時(shí)，仰光的佛教徒贈(zèng)他一尊1噸多重的玉石雕成的釋迦牟尼佛像，就供奉在這里。這種佛像在我國只有三尊，其他二尊分別列供于北京和上海。藏經(jīng)閣里收藏的佛經(jīng)有：清代《龍藏》一部，宋代影印本《磧砂藏》一部，清末民初上海印《頻伽藏》一部。另外還有兩件珍品：一是清光緒元年(1875)，湖南衡山69歲老人李舜千書寫的“佛”字。“佛”字是在長寬不超過6寸的紙上，由《金剛經(jīng)》和《心經(jīng)》原文共5424個(gè)字組成。每個(gè)字只有芝麻大，肉眼分辨不清。用30倍放大鏡看，筆力挺秀，是書法珍品。另一件是武昌僧人妙榮和尚刺血調(diào)和金粉抄成的《華嚴(yán)經(jīng)》和《法華經(jīng)》，字體娟秀，堪稱精品。
南院的主體建筑是羅漢堂，始建于清道光年間，咸豐二年(1852)毀于兵災(zāi)，光緒二十一年(1895)重建，完成，至今有二百年歷史。民間有句諺語：上有寶光(成都)，下有西園(蘇州)，北有碧云(北京)，中有歸元(武漢)。是說這四個(gè)寺院的五百羅漢堂是最具代表性的，是佛教塑像的精華。中國漢地佛教供奉五百羅漢是從五代時(shí)開始的。當(dāng)時(shí)，吳越王錢氏在天臺(tái)山方廣寺造五百銅羅漢。五百羅漢的名號(hào)，最早見于五代的《復(fù)齋碑錄》，惜今已不存。另有南宋紹興四年(1134)，高道素所錄《江陰軍乾明院羅漢尊號(hào)碑》，將五百羅漢一一起名造姓。歸元寺的羅漢堂布局成“田”字型。四個(gè)小天井給龐大深邃的殿堂提供了良好的通風(fēng)和采光條件。羅漢依“田”字排列，殿堂里盡管安放了五百多尊塑像，卻沒有擁擠之感。這種建筑格局既巧妙又合理。這里的五百羅漢是湖北黃陂縣王代父子用九年時(shí)間塑成的。黃陂至今是湖北的雕塑之鄉(xiāng)，有悠久的泥塑傳統(tǒng)，技藝嫻熟，藝人輩出。據(jù)《歸元叢林羅漢碑記》，歸元寺的五百羅漢，是以南岳衡山祝圣寺的五百羅漢石刻拓本為依據(jù)，進(jìn)行加工提煉，創(chuàng)造而成的。工藝上采用“脫胎漆塑”，又稱“金身托沙塑像”。先用泥胎塑成模型，然后用葛布生漆逐漸沾巾套塑，稱為漆布空塑，最后飾以金粉。它的特點(diǎn)是抗潮濕，防蟲蛀，經(jīng)久不變。兩百年間羅漢堂幾次受水災(zāi)侵襲，但水退后羅漢仍完好無損。
走進(jìn)羅漢堂，無不被它們的生動(dòng)形象所感染。只見有的盤腿端坐，有的臥石看天，有的研讀佛經(jīng)，有的驅(qū)邪除惡，有的勇武，有的溫良，有的天真憨厚，有的飽經(jīng)滄桑，個(gè)個(gè)惟妙惟肖，活靈活現(xiàn)。如第463尊羅漢是陀怒尊者，周圍有6個(gè)童子，為羅漢挖耳，掩嘴，遮眼等，稱“六戲彌勒”。“六”即眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意。它告誡佛門弟子，不要為凡情所染。塑像中把孩子的天真爛漫，嬌稚頑皮和羅漢的慈祥憨厚的神態(tài)刻畫得淋漓盡致。“數(shù)羅漢”是人們游羅漢堂的趣事。據(jù)說我們?nèi)我鈴囊蛔鹆_漢開始，順下數(shù)完自己的現(xiàn)有的年齡，這最后一尊羅漢的身份、表情和動(dòng)作，便可昭示數(shù)者的命運(yùn)。這一活動(dòng)為人們參觀羅漢堂增添了不少樂趣。
羅漢堂外側(cè)地藏殿內(nèi)，供奉著地藏菩薩。殿內(nèi)的木刻神龕為佳品，其間斗栱飛檐，魚度搬爪，雙鳳朝陽，飛龍滾柱，浮雕垂柱，花草人物，均極為精巧玲瓏，為國內(nèi)少有的藝術(shù)珍品。
中院的主體建筑是大雄寶殿。該殿初建于清順治十八年(1661)，后經(jīng)多次維修�，F(xiàn)大雄寶殿是清光緒三十四年(1908)重修。大殿正中供奉著釋迦牟尼坐像，兩側(cè)為其弟子阿難和迦葉像。釋迦偏袒左肩，結(jié)跏趺坐，莊嚴(yán)靜穆。佛像后背是用樟木雕刻而成的“五龍捧圣”的圖案。佛像前還有韋馱、彌勒、地藏像。佛像后是一組海島觀音像。只見海島觀音赤足站立，左右侍立著一龍女和童子，背后是一面高達(dá)八尺的泥塑懸崖峭壁，足下碧波萬頃，怒濤洶涌。整個(gè)塑像向前傾覆。人們仰視上去，只見觀音衣袖似在飄動(dòng)，正在洶涌的波濤上迎面向你走來，增加了宗教藝術(shù)的感染力。佛像前的供桌，是一件不可多得的木刻珍品。供桌高4丈8尺，橫闊1丈2尺，深寬2.5尺，前嵌垂欄，寬1.5尺，高0.6尺，其間分為五格，深畫鏤空。圖案描繪的是唐玄奘取經(jīng)回長安時(shí)，君民夾道歡迎的場面：有唐僧、孫悟空、豬八戒、沙和尚等《西游記》人物，有李世民以下文武百官、侍衛(wèi)、庶民百姓;有亭院殿墻，車馬山水，幢幡寶蓋，香爐蠟臺(tái)等一應(yīng)俱全。綜觀全圖，繁復(fù)活潑，盛況空前。垂欄下沿為五龍?jiān)撇剩車牙@，以四虎腿支地，生動(dòng)有力。相傳這一樟木雕刻由十人歷時(shí)一年才完成。
大雄寶殿前的韋馱殿內(nèi)，供奉著一尊木雕韋馱像，身著鎧甲，手持寶杵，威武挺立，用我國古代武將形象表達(dá)了古印度神話中“四大天王三十二將”之首的護(hù)法神形象。這座木雕系用整塊樟木雕成，線條刀法都是唐朝風(fēng)格，是歸元寺的藝術(shù)珍品，也是我國雕刻藝術(shù)品中的一件寶貴遺產(chǎn)。
歸元寺屬曹洞宗，又稱歸元禪寺，它與寶通寺、溪蓮寺、正覺寺今稱為武漢的四大叢林。
湖北歸元寺英文導(dǎo)游詞
guiyuan temple
chinese buddhist temples are never single buildings. they always consist of a group buildings following a fundamental patter, which can, however, be modified. the main buildings and their symmetrically corresponding secondary buildings form individual groups and courtyards. the entire temple complex is spacious. the building inside the complex are usually single-storied and the main halls are sometimes decorated with a double roof. the towers, pavilions and halls can be multi-storied structures.
the chinese temple complex has been subject to great structural changes throughout the centuries. but temple architects follow the basic principles of secular structures from the tang dynasty onwards. the complexes stand on a central axis, usually a north-south axis: east-west only as an exception. (guiyuan temple is just the very exception.) the main buildings are strung along this central axis, their broadest sides facing south or east.
the most important and most frequently presented building inside a buddhist temple complex are the main entrance gate, the bell and drum towers, the hall of the heavenly kings, the hall of the buddha and a pagoda.
buddhism is said to be founded in india in the 6th century bc by siddatha gautama (bc565 –bc486), the son of a nobleman and member of the kshatriya caste near the present borders of india and nepal. buddhism advocates that all the people are created equal and turns against the caste system of brahmanism, so it was popular with the common people.
it was said that buddhism was spread to china in 2 bc. at the beginning, it was only regarded as a kind of witch. about 200 ad, chinese version of buddhist s criptures began to appear, and thus, buddhist doctrines began to emerge with traditional chinese religious thought. from 2nd century to late 6th century, translation and research of buddhist sects with chinese characteristics were becoming more and more popular and many temples were built, which reached its peak in sui dynasty (581ad-617ad) and tang dynasty (618-907). some buddhist sects with chinese characteristics came into being. buddhism exerts a great influence on chinese philosophy, literature, art and folk customs.
what is presented before our eyes is a copper statue of a famous bodhisattva in hynayana buddhism. bodhisattva is a tittle which is only next to buddha. this statue is the image of avalokitesvara, which has been popular with chinese people or more than 1,000 years. she is called the goddess of mercy cordially by chinese and is regarded as the symbol of kindness, mercy and benevolence. when we visit the avalokitesvara pavilion after a while, i will give a detailed introduction about her. this copper statue was sent to guiyuan temple by Chinese Taiwan buddhists in september 1990. it shows that all chinese, whether in the mainland or in Chinese Taiwan, are eager for the reunion of the country, even including religion believers.
the building we see now is the buddha hall where one certain buddha and his two assistant bodhisattvases are worshiped. this buddha is amitabha buddha. amitabha means incomparable brightness. according to buddhism, time and space is limitless and thus there are many many buddhas in different spaces and times. but in a certain space or in a certain period of time, there is only one certain buddha who is in charge of instructing all living creatures. amitabha buddha is the buddha who presides over the land of ultimate bliss in the west, which will come in the future. buddhist s criptures describe the land of ultimate bliss as a wonderland, in which no pain exists and the people enjoy their lives. in one word, it’s very attractive. some people will think it must be very difficult to enter such a world. how can i go to such a paradise? maybe i have to work hard and bear a lot of sufferings. in fact, it’s very easy to enter the world. he only need often murmur ‘may buddha preserve us’ sincerely. it’s enough.
you see, the statue in the middle is the very buddha. on his left is the goddess of mercy. on his right is the other bodhisattva who follows the buddha. it is said that he can save all the living creatures from three kinds of terrible disasters.