西安鐘樓英語導(dǎo)游詞（通用6篇）

西安鐘樓英語導(dǎo)游詞 篇1

　　Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the ancient city of Xi'an. Nice to meetyou. I'm your tour guide this time. My name is Xu chenxuan. Just call me Xu Daoor Chen Xuan. Now let's start the journey of Xi'an ancient city wall!

　　First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the ancient city wall ofXi'an. The ancient city wall of Xi'an is also called Xi'an Ming city wall. It islocated in the central area of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. The height of the wallis 12 meters, the top width is 12-14 meters, the bottom width is 15-18 meters,and the outline is a closed rectangle with a perimeter of 13 meters. 74kilometers. The city wall is used to be called the ancient city area, with anarea of 11 square meters. With an area of 32 square kilometers, the famous belland Drum Tower in Xi'an is located in the center of the ancient city.

　　In front of us is the main gate of the city wall. There are four gates likethis: Changle gate (East Gate), Yongning gate (South Gate), Anding gate (WestGate) and Anyuan gate (North Gate). The four gates were the original gates ofthe Ming city wall. Because of the military and defense needs at that time, theywere all single door caves, and they all built three walls, and Weng city wasformed between the two walls. So far, except Yongning gate, only two walls areleft in the other three gates.

　　OK, here's your free time. Please gather here in an hour.

　　At the end of this tour, thank you for your support to my work. I wish youall good health and good luck. Goodbye in the future.

西安鐘樓英語導(dǎo)游詞 篇2

　　Today we are going to visit Xi'an city wall, bell tower and Drum Tower.It's a great honor to serve you.

　　The ancient castle we see now is the city wall of Xi'an in Ming Dynasty,which was built on the basis of Chang'an Imperial City in Tang Dynasty in theearly Ming Dynasty. It is one of the most famous city walls in the history ofthe late Middle Ages in China. It is the largest and most complete defensefacility of ancient military castle in the world.

　　Xi'an, as an ancient capital for thousands of years, has built city wallsmany times in the past dynasties. Most of them are buried in the dust ofhistory. The wall we see now can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty. In 1369 ad,Xu Da, a general of the Ming Dynasty, entered Shaanxi from Shanxi and changedthe original Fengtian road to Xi'an, which means "long-term stability in thewest". It opened the prelude of building the city wall in Xi'an in Ming Dynasty.The shape of the wall, which took eight years to build, is a rectangle. The wallis 15 meters high, 12-14 meters wide at the top, 16-18 meters wide at thebottom, and 13.9 kilometers long. The bottom layer is made of loess, lime andglutinous rice juice. After drying, it is very strong.

　　The ancient city wall of Xi'an includes a series of military facilitiessuch as moat, suspension bridge, gate tower, arrow tower, main tower, cornertower, enemy tower, parapet, crenel, etc. Well, now let's feel for ourselves thescientific, rigorous and complete military defense system.

　　The most peripheral part of the city wall is the moat, also known as the"moat", which is the first line of defense of the city wall. It can block theenemy's attack and even take advantage of the favorable terrain to destroy theenemy. The moat around the city wall of Xi'an is 20 meters wide. Crossing themoat is the gate, and the only channel connecting the moat and the gate is thesuspension bridge. At ordinary times, the soldiers obeyed the command of themorning bell and the evening drum. In the morning, they lowered the suspensionbridge to open the city gate; in the evening, they raised the suspension bridgeto cut off the traffic. Once there is a war, the suspension bridge rises and thegate is closed, the gate becomes a solid and closed Battle Fortress.

　　City gate is the key and weak point of city defense system. Usually, it isthe access to the city. In a war, it is the primary target for both sides.Therefore, the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to improving the defensefacilities of the city gate. One of the most remarkable technologicalbreakthroughs is the use of the arched gate to prevent the enemy from attackingby fire. The gate of Xi'an City in the Ming Dynasty was very strong. The doorleaf was made of 16 cm thick wood. One gate was made of 2.8 cubic meters ofwood. The door leaf was reinforced with iron bars, and 180 iron mushroom needleswere nailed between the two iron bars. There are 1800 iron mushroom needles onthe whole door leaf. In this way, the wood of the door leaf is compacted, andthe stiffness of the door leaf is increased, so that the arrow can not be shotin.

　　In order to improve the security coefficient of the city gate defense, thecity gate is actually composed of three parts: Gate Tower, arrow tower and mainbuilding. The gate building is on the outside, and its function is to lift thesuspension bridge. It's also used to play watch. When the enemy invades the gateof the gate tower, it seems to enter the urn. They will be attacked from allsides. Therefore, the space downstairs is also called "urn city". The archerytower is in the center, with windows on the front and on both sides for archery.The archery tower and archery tower are connected by a wall, which is alsocalled "Wengcheng" and can garrison troops. The main building is in theinnermost part. The tower above the main building is the main building of thecity gate, which is the commanding place of the general. Outside the city wall,there is an enemy platform protruding from the main body of the city wall every120 meters, commonly known as "horse face". There are 98 "horse faces" on thewhole city wall. The building above the "horse face" is called the enemy tower.The distance between the two enemy platforms is 120 meters, and one side of itis 60 meters, which is "a stone's throw". This layout makes it easy to shoot theenemy from the side. Therefore, the ancients commented: "if there is a citywithout a platform, it is just like there is no city. The city is the guardian,and the platform is the guardian.". On the outside of the city wall, there aredwarf pheasants, also known as "pile wall", with crenels and square holes forarchery and watching. The low wall on the inside is called "parapet" to preventsoldiers from falling under the wall when they walk. In the four corners ofXi'an city wall, there is a tower called "turret". In the urn formed by thearrow tower and the main tower, there is a horse road leading to the head of thecity, which is convenient for the horses to go up and down. During the war, thisis the throat of the deployment of troops, and we must ensure that there is noobstruction. So the guard is very strict.

　　With the change of time, we can see Changle gate, Anding gate, Zhuque gate,Hanguang gate, Yuxiang gate and so on. The origin of these names also reflectsthe ups and downs of the ancient city. The city wall of Xi'an in the MingDynasty shows the wisdom of the ancient working people of our country. OK, thecity wall of Xi'an is here. We will continue to take you to visit the bell andDrum Tower.

　　The bell tower and drum tower are the unique buildings in ancient Chinesecities. Bell and drum are the earliest percussion instruments in China, with ahistory of more than 3020__ years. Initially used as ritual and musicalinstruments. It has been used in military command since the spring and Autumnperiod. Ancient Chinese cities have the nature of military castles. In additionto building walls around the city, digging trenches and setting up suspensionbridges, there are also bell and drum towers built in the center of the city asthe command center. At ordinary times, it reports the time by morning bell andevening drum, opens and closes the suspension bridge regularly, and it is usedto warn the police and command the city defense in case of emergency. This tighturban defense system reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. Xi'an is an importantmilitary and political town in Northwest China in Ming Dynasty. Its bell towerand Drum Tower rank the first in terms of architectural scale, historical valueand artistic value in China.

　　The building we see now is the bell tower, which is located at theintersection of the four streets in Xi'an. It was built in the 17th year ofHongwu in Ming Dynasty. It was originally located in Yingxiang temple on theWest Street. With the eastward movement of the city center, in 20__ of Wanli ofShenzong of Ming Dynasty, the bell tower was demolished as a whole and moved tothe present site.

　　The bell tower is a typical architectural style of the Ming Dynasty, with aheight of 36 meters, double eaves and brackets, gorgeous and solemn. It consistsof three parts: base, body and roof. The base is square, all made of greenbricks. The building is a square wooden structure, surrounded by an ambulatoryon the outside and a two-story building on the inside with wooden ladderscircling up. In the square hall on the upper and lower floors of the building,there are various kinds of valuable porcelain and red Phoebe furniture since theMing Dynasty. The four sides of the doors are covered with relief paintings,with a simple and vivid style. The top of the building is a four cornerstructure, covered with green glazed tiles. The top dome is 5 meters high,glittering and brilliant.

　　On the northwest corner of the bell tower is a Ming Dynasty iron bell,which weighs 5 tons and has eight trigrams on its side. It is much smaller thanthe bronze bell that hung in the bell tower earlier. The giant bell originallyhung in the bell tower is a "Jingyun bell" cast in the Jingyun period of TangDynasty. Now the bell is collected in the forest of Steles in Xi'an. It is saidthat after the bell tower was moved from Yingxiang temple to the present site,although the style and size of the tower have not changed, the Jingyun bell willnever ring. There's no choice but to change. In order to move the jingyunzhongto the new bell tower, an inclined bridge was built in the west section of theWest Street, and the bridge slope was used to transport the jingyunzhong to thebell tower. It is said that "qiaozikou" also got its name.

　　There are inscriptions on the west wall of the bell tower. Song of the belltower was written by Gong Maoxian, governor of Shaanxi Province, who built thebell tower when he was dismissed and went to Beijing. The bell tower is warmlypraised in the poem. The story of the bell tower was written by Zhang Kai, thegovernor who had built the bell tower. It describes the life experience of thebell tower in detail. On the door of the bell tower, there are 64 woodcut reliefstory paintings, including Mulan joining the army, Chang'e flying to the moon,Liu Yi's biography, Eight Immortals crossing the sea and so on. After thefounding of the people's Republic of China, the people's Government of Xi'ancarried out three large-scale repairs to the clock tower, which made the ancientbuilding glow with its former style.

　　Far away from the bell tower is the drum tower. The door opening at thebottom of the tower is north-south, leading to the north gate and the SouthDarcy street. The drum tower was built in the 13th year of Hongwu in MingDynasty. It is sister to the bell tower. There is a huge drum on the north sideof the first floor of the drum tower, which forms a late drum with the morningbell on the bell tower, so it is called the drum tower. The building isrectangular. The height and width of the door opening on the base are 6 meters,and the depth is 38 meters. The drum tower is built with double eaves and threedrops of water. The building is divided into upper and lower floors. There aretwo plaques under the eaves of the north and the south. In the south, theEmperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty engraved a book with his pen: "the land ofculture and military prosperity", and in the north, Li yunkuan, a scholar ofXianning County, wrote "the sound is heard in the sky". In the outer eaves ofthe drum tower are decorated with Dou Gong, surrounded by corridors. The ceilingis painted with cloud pattern, antique, very beautiful. Bell and drum towerscomplement each other, making the ancient city of Xi'an more beautiful andspectacular. Well, this is the end of the tour of the bell and Drum Tower. Thankyou!

西安鐘樓英語導(dǎo)游詞 篇3

　　Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the ancient city of Xi'an. Nice to meetyou. I'm your tour guide this time. My name is Xu chenxuan. Just call me Xu Daoor Chen Xuan. Now let's start the journey of Xi'an ancient city wall!

　　First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the ancient city wall ofXi'an. The ancient city wall of Xi'an is also called Xi'an Ming city wall. It islocated in the central area of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. The height of the wallis 12 meters, the top width is 12-14 meters, the bottom width is 15-18 meters,and the outline is a closed rectangle with a perimeter of 13 meters. 74kilometers. The city wall is used to be called the ancient city area, with anarea of 11 square meters. With an area of 32 square kilometers, the famous belland Drum Tower in Xi'an is located in the center of the ancient city.

　　In front of us is the main gate of the city wall. There are four gates likethis: Changle gate (East Gate), Yongning gate (South Gate), Anding gate (WestGate) and Anyuan gate (North Gate). The four gates were the original gates ofthe Ming city wall. Because of the military and defense needs at that time, theywere all single door caves, and they all built three walls, and Weng city wasformed between the two walls. So far, except Yongning gate, only two walls areleft in the other three gates.

　　OK, here's your free time. Please gather here in an hour.

西安鐘樓英語導(dǎo)游詞 篇4

　　The bell tower is located at the intersection of the East, West, South andNorth streets in Xi'an. It was used to ring the bell in the early morning inancient times, so it is called the bell tower. Since its completion, the belltower has been regarded as a symbol of the ancient city of Xi'an and is now akey cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province. It is the largest andbest preserved bell tower left over from ancient China. Xi'an is an importantmilitary and political town in Northwest China in Ming Dynasty. Its bell towerranks the first in terms of architectural scale, historical value and artisticvalue in China.

　　The bell tower was built in 1384. The base of the clock tower is square,covering an area of 1377.4 square meters, 8.6 meters high and 35.5 meters wide,all of which are built with green bricks. The building is of brick and woodstructure, 36 meters high. The external eaves have three layers, but theinternal eaves have only two layers. The eaves of the building have fourcorners, and the eaves are decorated with painted brackets. "Dou Gong" is one ofthe characteristics of ancient wooden buildings in China. It is also unique inthe history of world architecture. It can not only make the building stronger,but also more beautiful. Dougong appeared in Shang Dynasty. We can see acomplete picture of Dougong on the patterns of Chinese bronzes.

　　Features: the bell tower was built in 1384 A.D. in the 17th year of Hongwureign of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty. It was named after the iron bellhanging on the tower. When it was first built, it was located at today's Guangjistreet, facing the drum tower. In the 10th year of Wanli reign of emperorShenzong of the Ming Dynasty (1582 AD), Gong Xian, the imperial envoy of xun'an,presided over the relocation of the bell tower. The bell tower is a typicalarchitectural style of the Ming Dynasty, with double eaves and Dougong,high-rise and slightly upturned eaves.

　　Anecdote of giant Bell: on the northwest corner of the bell tower is a MingDynasty iron bell, weighing 5 tons, with eight trigrams patterns cast on theside of the bell. It was built in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty(1465-1487). But it is much smaller than the bronze bell that hung in the belltower earlier. The huge bell originally hung in the bell tower is the "Jingyunbell" cast in the Jingyun period of the Tang Dynasty (now stored in the forestof Steles Museum). It is said that after moving to the present site, althoughthe style and size of the building have not changed, the Jingyun bell will neverring. No choice but to change.

西安鐘樓英語導(dǎo)游詞 篇5

　　Hello, everyone. I'm the tour guide along the bell tower and the city wall.The bell of __ bell tower interprets the simplicity of the ancient city of Xi'anand the richness of this historical ancient city. In the next few days, whileenjoying the scenery along the walls of the bell and Drum Tower, you can alsofeel the other side of the charm of the ancient city of Xi'an, that is, Xi'an'sfood culture. Speaking of Xi'an's food, can you tell us what are the more famoussnacks in Xi'an?

　　Xi'an's food culture is full of rich northwest customs. Tasting Xi'an'ssnacks is a great pleasure to visit Xi'an. Whether it's mutton steamed bun,which has always been loved by Xi'an people, or the famous "Xi'an DumplingBanquet" at home and abroad, it has distinctive local characteristics.

　　On my right hand side are two buildings imitating Ming and Qing Dynasties.I wonder if you have noticed the striking sentence on the building: "eternalflavor dumpling fragrance, legendary quality tefachang". Yes, this is thewell-known Chinese time-honored tefachang at home and abroad. Tefachang isfamous for its dumpling feast. If you want to taste it, you can go with eachother to feel the extraordinary things of DeFaChang after our trip. At the sametime, I also tell you a very unfortunate thing: I haven't tasted the dumplingshere! But I think since it has the name of eternal flavor, it must be worthy ofits name. After finishing the dumplings, some people will ask where the muttonsteamed bun is Is there any place for sale? Please follow me. We can clearly seethat there is a restaurant with the same architectural style next to DeFaChang -tongshengxiang. At the gate of tongshengxiang, we will inadvertently notice asculpture. Can you tell which of the eight monsters in Shaanxi is displayed bythis sculpture? (don't sit up on the stool.) tongshengxiang is mainly engaged inbeef and mutton steamed buns, various special snacks, and integrates traditionalcharacteristics with modern fashion. So when you come to this place for dinner,I think you will feel the diversity of Xi'an culture Colorful!

　　Through the bell and Drum Tower Square, we now arrive at the magnificentand elegant Drum Tower. On both sides of the street are antique buildings, andthere are all kinds of famous Xi'an snacks. So I want to ask you, what is themost famous snack street in Xi'an? It goes without saying that it is the Huisnack street. If tourists come to Xi'an have a chance to come to the Hui snackstreet I think it's not only because of the huge number of food shops andjewelry shops on both sides of the street, but also because of the profoundcultural connotation of the street.

　　Huimin Street generally refers to the North-South street from Gulou toBeiyuanmen, but sometimes it also includes Huajue lane, Xiyang city andDapiyuan. As the name suggests, Hui Street is a place where Hui people livetogether. Xi'an Huimin street is a street in Huimin District, about 500 meters,characterized by bluestone paving and green trees

　　Chengyin, on both sides of the road are antique buildings imitating theMing and Qing Dynasties. The shops on both sides are mainly engaged in cateringand some accessories with Shaanxi characteristics, and they are all operated byHui people, with strong halal characteristics, which are deeply loved by foreigntourists.

　　The restaurants you see on both sides of the street are authentic Muslimhotels. There are several famous restaurants, such as halal Pingwa barbecueshop, Jia Sanguan soup bag, fried rice with red and red pickled cabbage,Laosun's mutton steamed bun in Dapiyuan, etc. There is also an interestinglegend about Xi'an mutton steamed bun. It is said that Zhao Kuangyin, theemperor of the Song Dynasty, was trapped in Chang'an before he became emperor.He lived a life of drinking and starving all day. One day he came to a shop thatwas cooking beef and mutton. The shopkeeper saw that he was very pitiful, so heasked him to break his own dry steamed bun. Then the shopkeeper poured aspoonful of boiling broth and put it in the kitchen Cook well on the fire. ThenZhao Kuangyin ate the meal, and he felt that it was the best food in the world.Later, Zhao Kuangyin became emperor. One day, when he passed Chang'an, he stillcould not forget the beef and mutton steamed buns he had eaten here. He went tothis restaurant with the Minister of culture and military to eat a bowl of beefand mutton steamed buns. After eating, he still felt delicious, so he rewardedthe shopkeeper. Since then, as soon as the story of the emperor eating paomospread, beef and mutton paomo has become a famous snack on Chang'an Street. SuDongpo, a great writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, once wrote a hymn that"there is Xiong La in Longxi, and only sheep soup in Qin cuisine". So if youhave a chance, you must taste the local folk flavor.

　　In fact, in the street of Hui people's snacks, there are many ornamentswith local characteristics for you to choose from. You can see that theseornaments are full of variety. For example, there are terracotta warriors andhorses ornaments, the eighth wonder of the world. You can buy one or two as amemorial to Xi'an. At the same time, we can notice that there are manychildren's tiger shoes, big red hats and so on. As we all know, red representsauspiciousness and Ruyi, so I think it is necessary for you to buy somesouvenirs in Huimin street.

　　Just now we said that the Hui people's snack street has a profound culturalconnotation. Who knows its origin? As early as more than 1000 years ago in theHan Dynasty, the Hui people's street once served as the starting point of theSilk Road, welcoming merchants, envoys and students from ancient Arabia, Persiaand other places. So these people are the later Hui people. According tohistorical records, many people along the silk road came to the bustling city ofChang'an, where they did business, studied abroad, and became officials. Today,it has become a community of more than 60000 Hui Muslims. As a place for theinheritance of Islamic culture, there are still many cultural relics of the TangDynasty, such as the light gate, the west gate gate group of the Ming Dynasty,many well preserved mosques and Taoist Town God's Temple, five Buddhist temples,and the Lamaism Guangyuan temple. Many streets in the block have a strongIslamic style, with Muslim Food City, ethnic shopping center, mosque and Muslimliving area.

　　As you can see now, the temple is located in Huajue lane. It was built inthe first year of Tianbao, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. It has a history of morethan 1200 years. After several renovations and extensions in song, yuan, Mingand Qing Dynasties, it gradually formed a huge ancient architectural complexwith the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is large-scale, compact,harmonious and solemn. Its architectural style embodies the organic unity ofIslamic culture and Chinese traditional architectural art. It is one of the mostdistinctive, well preserved and typical Chinese style mosques in China so far.The temple is divided into five courtyards, covering an area of 13000 squaremeters. After 30 years of renovation by the government and the temple, not onlythe original appearance of the temple has been maintained, but also a lot of newMing and Qing buildings in line with the style of the temple have beenadded.

　　It is believed that through the effective protection of the culture in thisarea, Xi'an Hui historical district will become a tourist attraction that canreflect the cultural characteristics, loess culture and Muslim culture ofXi'an.

　　Next, we will go to our next stop - Xi'an ancient city wall. On the way tothe ancient city wall, I will briefly introduce the scenic spots along the way.What is worth mentioning is the ancient culture street,

　　From the south of the bell tower in Xi'an, when you get to the south gate,and then turn east, you can see the ancient culture street of Shuyuan gate.There is a tall archway with ancient charm at the entrance of the street. Abovethe archway are three gold faced characters of "Shuyuan gate". On both sides areeye-catching couplets of "the forest of Steles collects national treasures, andthe Academy cultivates outstanding people". From this couplet, we can easily seethe theme of the street. Obviously, the gate of the academy has more poeticcharm than the Hui snack street we just introduced. If you are interested, youcan visit the gate of the Academy. Maybe you will have more harvest here.

　　That's all for the explanation from the bell and drum tower to the citywall. If you don't know anything else, just ask me, and I'll try my best toanswer it for you. At the same time, I sincerely hope you can have a good timein Xi'an!

西安鐘樓英語導(dǎo)游詞 篇6

　　各位游客大家好!

　　今天我們將去參觀陜西西安城墻、鐘樓和鼓樓。很榮幸能為大家服務(wù)。

　　我們現(xiàn)在看到的這座古城堡就是明陜西西安城墻，是明初在唐長(zhǎng)安皇城的基礎(chǔ)上建筑起來的。它是我國(guó)中世紀(jì)后期歷史上最著名的城垣之一，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、最完整的古代軍事城堡防御設(shè)施。

　　陜西西安作為千年古都，歷代曾多次修筑城墻。它們多數(shù)被歷史的塵埃掩埋。我們現(xiàn)在看到的城墻可追溯到隋代。公元1369年，明王朝大將徐達(dá)從山西進(jìn)入陜西，將原來的奉天路改為西安，意為"西方長(zhǎng)治久安"。拉開了明在西安修筑城墻的序幕。歷時(shí)8年修筑完的城墻外形是一座長(zhǎng)方形。城墻高15米，頂寬12—14米，底寬16—18米，周長(zhǎng)13.9公里。最底層用黃土與石灰、糯米汁拌合而成，干燥之后，異常堅(jiān)固。

　　陜西西安古城墻包括護(hù)城河、吊橋、閘樓、箭樓、正樓、角樓、敵樓、女兒墻、垛口等一系列軍事設(shè)施。好了，現(xiàn)在讓我們親自來感受這座科學(xué)、嚴(yán)密、完整的軍事防御體系。

　　城墻最外圍是護(hù)城河，也叫" 城壕", 是城墻的第一道防線。它可以阻滯敵人進(jìn)攻, 甚至可以利用有利地形把敵人趁機(jī)消滅。環(huán)繞陜西西安城墻的護(hù)城河寬20米,跨過護(hù)城河就是城門，而連接護(hù)城河與城門的唯一通道就是吊橋。平時(shí)，守城士兵聽從晨鐘暮鼓的指揮，早晨降下吊橋，開啟城門;晚上升起吊橋，斷絕交通。一旦發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，吊橋升起，城門緊閉，城門就成為堅(jiān)固封閉的戰(zhàn)斗堡壘。

　　城門是城防體系的重點(diǎn)，也是薄弱點(diǎn)。平時(shí)，它是出入城市的通道。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，又是攻守雙方爭(zhēng)奪的首要目標(biāo)。因此，明代十分重視完善城門防御設(shè)施。尤其值得注意的一大技術(shù)突破是采用了券拱式城門，以防止敵人火攻。明陜西西安城的城門非常堅(jiān)固，門扇用厚達(dá)16厘米的木板制成，一扇城門用木材2.8立方米，門扇上下橫匝著鐵條加固，每?jī)傻黎F條的間隔處，釘有180枚鐵蘑菇針。整個(gè)門扇上共有1800枚鐵蘑菇針。這樣就擠密了門扇的木材，增加了門扇剛度，使箭矢無法射入。

　　西安鐘樓介紹導(dǎo)游詞4

　　到陜西西安游覽時(shí)，您一定想去看看大雁塔二這座唐代古塔是古城西安的獨(dú)特標(biāo)志，古人曾留下“驅(qū)山晚照光明顯，雁塔晨鐘在城南”的詩句。作為關(guān)中八景之一的大雁塔高高聳立在陜西西安市南郊慈恩寺內(nèi)，距市中心約4公里，是我國(guó)的佛教名塔之一。

　　大雁塔前身是著名的慈恩寺。慈恩寺初名無漏寺，到了唐貞觀二十二年(公元648年)高宗李治做太子時(shí)，為追念死去的母親長(zhǎng)孫皇后的恩德，下令在長(zhǎng)安晉昌坊建造寺院，敕賜“慈恩”。它北面正對(duì)大明宮含元殿，占地26570平方米，周邊風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，為唐都長(zhǎng)安最宏偉、最壯觀之佛教寺院。下面，請(qǐng)大家隨我一起走進(jìn)慈恩寺和大雁塔游覽一番。

　　各位游客，慈恩寺是皇家主持建造的寺院，具有其他寺院望塵莫及的顯赫地位和宏大規(guī)模。這座寺院當(dāng)年由13座庭院組成，面積達(dá)34o畝，是現(xiàn)在寺院面積的7倍。其建筑富麗堂皇，裝飾華麗富貴。慈恩寺現(xiàn)有面積32314平方米，約合48.5畝。

　　我們先來看寺院山門前這對(duì)威武的石獅子。說來也怪，一般外域傳入我國(guó)的東西，總是先傳入實(shí)物，而后才有根據(jù)實(shí)物創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品。而獅子落戶我國(guó)，卻例外地先傳人獅子石刻藝術(shù)品，而后才有真獅子的出現(xiàn)。大家知道獅子是在東漢年間由波斯引入我國(guó)的，石獅子則是與佛教同時(shí)在兩漢之際已自印度傳入我國(guó)。獅子有護(hù)法避邪的作用，佛教認(rèn)為“佛為人中獅子”，所以佛臺(tái)前常刻有獅子，稱護(hù)法獅子。慈恩寺大門口，有4尊石獅對(duì)稱地雄踞左右，里邊靠近大門的兩尊，不清楚雕造于何年何時(shí)。東側(cè)是雄獅，在戲弄腳下繡球。西側(cè)是雌獅，腳邊有一對(duì)小獅，稱為母子獅。看來這些獅子也按照人們的習(xí)慣，以男左女右的序列擺放了�？客膺叺膬勺皙{子，東側(cè)一尊是清乾隆五十年(公元1785年)雕造，西側(cè)一尊是民國(guó)19年(公元1930年)雕造。這兩對(duì)石獅高度在1.7米以上，每尊重量至少也在250公斤以上。奇怪的是這兩尊八面威風(fēng)石制實(shí)心的龐然大物，即使用手輕輕地拍打，也會(huì)發(fā)出似銅非鋼的金屬聲，清脆悅耳，十分動(dòng)聽。各位游客，您能猜出這是什么原因嗎?

　　走進(jìn)寺院是兩座小樓，東邊是鐘樓，里邊懸掛有明代嘉靖年間鑄造的一口鐵鐘，重15噸。西邊是鼓樓，樓里存有一面大鼓。長(zhǎng)久以來，人們都把“雁塔晨鐘’作為關(guān)中八景之一，廣為流傳。但以往人們都以為“雁塔晨鐘”是指陜西西安小雁塔的鐘，其實(shí)此景指的是大雁塔，因?yàn)榇笱闼�這口鐘重3萬斤，是在大慈恩寺內(nèi)于明嘉靖二十七年(公元1548年)十月鑄造的，比小雁塔那口鐘搬入寺內(nèi)的時(shí)間早100多年，上面還鑄有“雁塔晨鐘”銘文。

　　眾所周知，一般寺廟都有大雄寶殿，慈恩寺也一樣。它的大雄寶殿位于寺院中心高臺(tái)上，初建于明天順二年(公元1458年)至成化二年(公元1466年)，清光緒十三年(公元1887年)曾予大修。大殿上面三座塑像是釋迎牟尼三身像。中間的叫法身像，西邊的叫報(bào)身像，東邊的叫應(yīng)身像。釋迎牟尼為佛教始祖，原是古印度迎毗羅衛(wèi)國(guó)的王子，生于公元前565年，死于公元前486年，大約與孔子同時(shí)代。三身佛東側(cè)立有釋迦牟尼的十大弟子之一迎葉;西側(cè)立有其堂弟阿難，他待從釋迦牟尼25年，也是十大弟子之一。兩側(cè)是十八羅漢和玄奘塑像。

　　大雄寶殿后是藏經(jīng)樓，存有《藏文大藏經(jīng)》等重要經(jīng)典。樓下是講堂，為佛教徒講經(jīng)說法之處，供奉阿彌陀佛銅像一尊，高1米多。殿內(nèi)珍藏玄奘親手供奉的佛座一件，還有唐代青響石四大天王像座一塊。此石為藍(lán)田玉山所產(chǎn)青石，敲之鏘鏘有聲，清脆悅耳。

　　各位游客，我們走出藏經(jīng)樓，就能看到壯觀雄偉的大雁塔�？吹竭@座唐代建筑，你們一定會(huì)又感嘆又好奇吧?首先一個(gè)問題就是此塔為何要以大雁命名呢?

　　按照印度佛教傳說，當(dāng)初佛教有大乘與小乘兩派，小乘佛教不忌葷腥。有一天，正是菩薩布施日，一座小乘寺院的和尚卻買不到肉下飯。這時(shí)天空中一群大雁飛過，一個(gè)和尚望著雁群自言自語：“今日增房無肉吃，大慈大悲的菩薩一定不會(huì)忘記這是什么日子。”話音未落，領(lǐng)頭的大雁便折翅墜地。于是全寺和尚大驚失色，認(rèn)為這定是菩薩顯靈。他們就在大雁墜地處建造石塔，并戒絕葷腥，改信大乘佛教。因此，佛塔又稱大雁塔。

　　到了大雁塔，人們自然會(huì)想起唐代名僧玄奘，他是慈恩寺內(nèi)的第一任住持方丈。相傳唐永徽三年(公元652年)，著名高僧玄奘大師為安置他從西域帶回來的經(jīng)書、佛像、舍利，奏請(qǐng)高宗允許，在慈恩寺西院，敕建了大雁塔。當(dāng)年三月動(dòng)工，玄奘親自監(jiān)造，一年建成。

　　各位游客，大家一定看過中國(guó)四大名著之一的.《西游記》及據(jù)此改編的同名電視連續(xù)劇，那么《西游記》里的唐僧是否就是唐代這位著名和尚玄奘呢?玄奘法師俗姓陳，13歲在洛陽出家為增，勤奮好學(xué)，在國(guó)內(nèi)各地訪師問學(xué)后，決意到佛教發(fā)源地印度去探索佛教的精蘊(yùn)。玄奘于唐貞觀三年(公元629年)從長(zhǎng)安出發(fā)，沿著絲綢之路，穿越上天飛鳥、下無走獸的戈壁沙漠，西行直至天竺，貞觀十九年(公元645年)學(xué)成后返回長(zhǎng)安，歷時(shí)17年，行程5萬公里，經(jīng)100多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，取回佛經(jīng)657部，并在印度獲得極高地位，備受尊崇�；貒�(guó)后，在唐皇室的支持下，他集中各地博學(xué)高僧，組成規(guī)�？涨暗姆鸾�(jīng)譯物場(chǎng)，并親自任譯主。翻譯的佛經(jīng)無論從質(zhì)量或數(shù)量上都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過前人，開創(chuàng)了我國(guó)翻譯史上的新時(shí)期，共譯著佛經(jīng)75部1335卷，撰寫了《大唐西域記》，受到各國(guó)學(xué)者的重視。應(yīng)該說《西游記》是以唐代玄類西出取經(jīng)為背景而寫成的，但故事里的唐僧不全指玄奘，而是一個(gè)經(jīng)過藝術(shù)化的文學(xué)作品里的人物。

　　各位游客，大雁塔在建時(shí)高60米，5層，磚表土心，光盤梯。后塔心磚縫草木叢生，漸趨頹廢。經(jīng)武則天長(zhǎng)安年間、唐玄宗天寶年間、后唐長(zhǎng)興年間幾次改造，大雁塔比原先長(zhǎng)高了4.5米，還加了兩層。底層每邊長(zhǎng)25米，基座為方形，邊長(zhǎng)45米至48米，每層四面均有券門，塔內(nèi)裝有樓梯。塔底層門楣上均有精美的線刻佛像，尤其是西門楣的釋迦牟尼佛說法圖，上刻當(dāng)時(shí)廢殿建筑的寫真圖，傳為唐代大畫家閻立本的手筆，是研究后代佛教文化和建筑藝術(shù)的珍貴資料。塔南門東西兩側(cè)的磚龕內(nèi)鑲嵌有唐太宗李世民撰的《大唐三藏圣教序》碑和唐高宗李治撰的《大唐三藏圣教序記》碑。兩碑都是唐代著名書法家褚遂良書寫，為唐代碑刻中的精品，是受國(guó)家保護(hù)的珍貴書法原刻，是研究古代書法藝術(shù)的重要實(shí)物資料。完全可以這樣說，這座仿木結(jié)構(gòu)的樓閣式方形磚塔，造型簡(jiǎn)潔，氣勢(shì)雄偉，有顯著的民族特色和時(shí)代風(fēng)格，是我國(guó)佛教建筑中的杰作。

　　游客們，大雁塔自建成至今，歷代名人都留下了傳誦千古的佳句。杜甫有‘高標(biāo)跨蒼穹，烈風(fēng)無時(shí)休”的贊語，岑參有“塔勢(shì)如涌出，孤高聳天宮;登臨出世界，蹬道盤虛空”的名句。詩人氣勢(shì)磅礴的描寫與富于哲理的感嘆，常常在人們登塔時(shí)引起共鳴。