常用的祝福語知多少？
[觀察分析]
1. good luck!祝你好運(yùn)！
2. good luck with your trip!祝你旅途順利。
3. i wish you good luck /success! 祝你好運(yùn)/成功！
4. good journey !旅途愉快！
5. have a good trip !旅途愉快！
6. have a nice/good time .玩得愉快！
7. i’d congratulate you on your success!祝賀你成功。
[思考?xì)w納]
祝福語一般用什么句式？是什么語氣，什么意思？
回答 ：祝福語一般用祈使句。一般表示說話人對(duì)于對(duì)方的一種_______。
instead與instead of有何區(qū)別？
[觀察分析]
1. he is tired, and let me do it instead.他累了，讓我代做吧 。
2. if we can’t go to nanjing ,we’ll to go to shanghai instead. 如果我們不能去南京，那就去上海。
3. i can go to the meeting instead of my sick brother. 我可以代我生病的兄弟去開會(huì)。
4. she went to school instead of staying at home. 他沒呆在家里而是去上學(xué)了。
5. i like chinese instead of maths.我喜歡語文，而不是數(shù)學(xué)。
6. it will take days by car, so let’s fly instead.開車去要好幾天，我們還是坐飛機(jī)吧。
7. instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不僅沒有幫我們，反而嘲笑我們。
8. we’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.我們將在庭園里而不是在房子里喝茶。
[思考?xì)w納]
1. instead 和instead of 分別是什么詞性和意思？
回答：instead 是_____,表示________；instead of 是介詞詞組，表示_________。
2. 如何使用這兩個(gè)詞組？
回答：instead 位置比較靈活，可放在_________.instead of 后面一般可跟名詞、______、形容詞、________等。
be sure ,be sure of ，be sure to do,make sure
[觀察分析]
1. i am sure that we can overcome all the difficulties.我肯定我們能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難。
2. he is always sure of his success.他一直對(duì)自己的成功很有信心。
3. our team is sure to win the game.我們隊(duì)一定會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。
4. it’s sure to rain soon.天一定要下雨了。
5. we are not sure what to do next. 我們不肯定接下來做什么。
6. can we be sure of his honesty？我們能夠確定他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的嗎？
7. we should make sure that all the windows and the doors are closed when we leave.我們應(yīng)該確定在我們離開之前要把所有的門窗關(guān)好。
8. make sure that the thief don’t escape. 當(dāng)心那個(gè)賊跑掉。
[思考?xì)w納]
1. 這些詞組分別是什么意義？
回答：be sure 表示對(duì)某件事情有_______。be sure of 表示對(duì)某人或是某物有_______. be sure to do 表示說話人對(duì)主語做某事有_________某人或是某物一定能做某事。make sure 表示_________。
2.這些詞組分別如何使用？
回答：be sure后面一般可跟_________例如that,when，where等引導(dǎo)的從句。be sure of 后面一般跟_________________作賓語。be sure to 后面跟的是_________.make sure 后面一般跟_________。例如 that when等引導(dǎo)的從句，從句的時(shí)態(tài)往往用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
hurt ，wound ，injure 同樣是“傷”，意義有別
觀察分析
1. he hurt his back when he fell.他摔倒的時(shí)候背摔壞了。
2. the old lady was hurt by his words.那個(gè)老太太被他的話傷害了。
3. he got wounded in the fighting.他在打動(dòng)中受傷了。
4. he died of a shoot wound in the war.在那次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，他死于槍傷。
5. the passenger was badly injured in the car accident.那個(gè)乘客在車禍中嚴(yán)重受傷。
6. my shoes are so tight that my feet hurt.我的鞋太小了，腳都疼了。
7. you will injure your health by smoking too much.你吸煙太多，有傷身體。
8. his failure injured his pride.他的失敗傷了他的自尊。
9. i didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.我沒想要傷害你的感情。
10. he was wounded in the leg.他的腿負(fù)傷了。
[思考?xì)w納]
hurt,wound，injure意義有什么不同？
三者都可表示受傷，傷害。hurt可指對(duì)身體上的傷害，也指對(duì)______造成的傷害。wound一般指外傷，如______________等，尤其指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，打斗中受傷。injure 一般是指在_________中受傷。
receive和accept用法辨析
[觀察分析]
1. i received a letter from him this morning. 早上我收到了他的來信。
2. we received much help from our teachers. 我們獲得了老師很多的幫助。
3. the scientist received a warm welcome .那個(gè)科學(xué)家受到了熱烈歡迎。
4. he received a good education at school.他在學(xué)校里得到了良好的教育。
5. he accepted a present from his friend.他接受了他朋友的禮物。
6. will you accept his apology? 你會(huì)接受他的道歉嗎？
7. i can’t accept you as my assistant.我不同意你做我的助手。
8. i accept your offer.我接受你的提議。
9. the new theory is widely accepted. 這個(gè)新的理論被廣泛接受。
10. he received many gifts ,but he did not accept all of them. 他收到了很多禮物，但是他并沒有收下。
[思考?xì)w納]
兩者的意思有何區(qū)別？
receive 指客觀上________；accept指主觀上_________.
believe和believe in 用法不一樣
[觀察分析]
1. long ago ,people believed that the world was flat.很久以前，人們相信地球是扁平的。
2. i can quite believe you .我很信得過你。
3. we believe him to be honest.我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
4. i don’t believe in fate. 我不相信命運(yùn)。
5. do you believe in the bible?你相信《圣經(jīng)》嗎？
6. i don’t believe what you have said because i don’t believe in you .我不信你說的話，因?yàn)槲也恍湃文恪?br>
[思考?xì)w納]
believe 和believe in 在意義上有何區(qū)別？
believe一般是指相信某人_______；believe in 一般指_______某人或是對(duì)某種理論的____。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done結(jié)構(gòu)的含義及其運(yùn)用
[觀察分析]
1. you should have finished your homework earlier.你應(yīng)該早就把作業(yè)做好了的。
2. it is wet on the ground .it must have rained last night.地上濕的。昨晚一定下雨了。
3. he is a successful businessman. in the past years, he must have worked very hard.他是一個(gè)成功的商人。在過去的幾年里，他一定工作很努力。
4. there is no light in his house. he might have gone out.他的房子里沒有燈光。他可能出去了。
5. you are late again. you shouldn’t have got up so late. 你又遲到了。你不該起的這么晚。
6. you needn’t have lent the book to him. he has got it.你不必把書給他的。他已經(jīng)有了。
7. you are not an honest girl. you ought not to have told lies to others.你不是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的女孩子。你不該跟別人撒謊。
8. can’t you see the sign – no smoking ? you ought not to have smoked here .你沒看到那個(gè)標(biāo)志嗎？你不該抽煙的。
[思考?xì)w納]
問題1.should / ought to / might /need 等 +have done 表示什么含義并如何運(yùn)用？
回答：這樣的句型常用來表示該做的/可能要做的/需要做的事情，沒有做或發(fā)生的時(shí)候；他們的否定形式表示不該做或發(fā)生的事情而___＃_____。
問題2. must +have done 什么含義如何運(yùn)用？
回答：這樣的句型常用于______：對(duì)于發(fā)生了或是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的猜測(cè)。
29，初探“with everyone clapping and having fun”結(jié)構(gòu)
[觀察分析]
1. with the spring coming, the trees turn green.春天來了，樹木變綠了。
2. it’s impolite of you to sit with your feet pointing to others.你坐著用腳指著別人是不禮貌的。
3. he soon fell asleep with the lights still burning.他很快就睡著了，燈還亮著。
4. he lay on the grass ,with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。
5. the parents went out ,with their children staying at home .父母?jìng)兌汲鋈チ�，孩子們呆在家里�?br>
[思考?xì)w納]
1. 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是如何構(gòu)成的？
回答：with 是_____后面跟名詞、代詞做______，然后后面再跟動(dòng)詞的______形式做賓語_____。（因?yàn)橘e語和動(dòng)詞在邏輯上有_______關(guān)系。）
2. 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表示什么意義？
回答：整個(gè)with結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作______。例如方式狀語、伴隨狀語等。
break up和 break down 用法辯異
[觀察分析]
1. the ship broke up on the rocks.船觸礁破裂了。
2. what broke up their friendship?誰破壞了他們的友誼。
3. their marriage broke up . 他們的婚姻破裂了。
4. the police had to use force to broke up the crowd警察不得不用武力驅(qū)散人群。.
5. i am sorry to arrive late, but my car broke down halfway.抱歉我來晚了，我的車在半路上壞了。
6. the peace talks broke down without any agreement being reached.和談失敗了，沒有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。
7. i can’t have you breaking down in health.我不能讓你的身體一天天垮下去。
8. sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉會(huì)在胃里分解。
思考?xì)w納
這兩個(gè)詞組分別是什么意思？
break up 是指__________________。例如解散人群，關(guān)系破裂、某物破碎等。
break down 是指________________。例如車發(fā)生故障，計(jì)劃等失敗、身體垮了、分解物質(zhì)等。
matter一詞值得一探
[觀察分析]
1. is anything the matter ? 有什么問題嗎？
2. you look a bit pale. what’s the matter with you ? 你看起來臉色有點(diǎn)蒼白。 你怎么了？
3. there is an important matter i would like to talk to you about.有一件重要的事情我要跟你討論。
4. it doesn’t matter whether it rains or not tomorrow.明天是否下雨沒什么關(guān)系的。
5. it doesn’t matter that you came late. 你來晚了沒什么關(guān)系。
6. pain doesn’t matter to him. he is very strong.痛苦對(duì)他來說沒什么關(guān)系。他身體很強(qiáng)壯。
7. it doesn’t matter to me which one you choose.對(duì)我來說你選擇哪一個(gè)都 沒關(guān)系。
8. no matter what you do ,i won’t forgive you.不管你做什么，我都不會(huì)原諒你。
9. no matter where he is ,i will find him.不管他在哪，我都會(huì)找到他。
10. no matter how late you come, i will wait for you .不管你來得有多晚，我都會(huì)等你。
[思考?xì)w納]
1. 當(dāng)matter 用作名詞是何意義？如何使用？
回答：matter用作名詞表示_________，一般在句中用的時(shí)候要在matter的前面加上________。
2. 當(dāng)matter用作動(dòng)詞是和意義？如何使用？
回答：matter用作動(dòng)詞表示________,一般用于否定句或是_______；后面可以跟what ，where，when ，whether等引導(dǎo)的從句。
3. no matter 引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，在句中做什么成分，如何來構(gòu)成。
no matter 一般引導(dǎo)__________從句，它后面可以跟_______________________等引導(dǎo)的從句
to one’s surprise 結(jié)構(gòu)知多少
[觀察分析]
1. to my surprise , he could escape from that big fire.令我驚訝的是，他能夠從那場(chǎng)大火里逃脫出來。
2. to our great surprise, our team won the football match. 令我們很吃驚的是，我們隊(duì)贏了足球賽。
3. to my joy, i could pass the difficult math exam.令我高興的是，我能 通過那次很難的數(shù)學(xué)考試。
4. to his sorrow, his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.令他悲傷的是，他的整座房子都在地震中毀掉了。
5. to her delight, she has got a new job in the company.令她高興的是，她在那個(gè)公司里找到了一個(gè)新工作。
6. to our satisfaction, he could get the first prize in the competition. 我們滿意的是，他在比賽中獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。
7. to his amazement, his parents got him in such a short time.令他吃驚的是，他的父母親在那么短的時(shí)間里就回來了。
8. to our excitement, we won the battle against the enemies.令我們激動(dòng)的是，我們贏得了跟敵人的戰(zhàn)斗。
[思考?xì)w納]
to one’s surprise 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)是怎樣組成的，表示什么意義并如何使用？
回答：這樣的詞組一般是to 后面跟______ +表示感情或是情緒變化的____ ，通常表示某人的一種情緒和感情。一般在句中作 _________。
have sb do 與 have sb doing 用法比較
[觀察分析]
1. the boss often has workers work for a long time.那個(gè)老板經(jīng)常讓他的工人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作。
2. i would like to have him help me to finish the work.我想讓他幫我完成那個(gè)工作。
3. who would you rather have post this letter ? 你想讓誰幫你寄這封信？
4. don’t have the machine working all the time.不要讓這個(gè)機(jī)器一直在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
5. it’s impolite to have him waiting outside for such a long time.讓他在外面等這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間是不禮貌的。
6. you should be careful! have the fire burning till tomorrow morning.你應(yīng)該小心。讓火一直燃燒到明天早上。
[思考?xì)w納]
1. 兩個(gè)詞組分別是什么意義？
回答：have sb do 表示_________ 與 make /let sb do 近義；have sb doing 表示_________。與keep sb doing 近義。
2. 兩個(gè)詞組在用法上有什么不同？
回答：前者表示讓某人去做了某事，所以用________（have sb to do ）；后者表示讓某人一直做某事，所以用__________（have sb doing）
初探現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語
[觀察分析]
1. he came running back to tell us the news. 他跑著回來告訴我們這個(gè)消息。
2. playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.如果你整天玩，就會(huì)浪費(fèi)你的寶貴時(shí)間。
3. he husband died ,leaving her with five children.她丈夫死了，留下了她和她的五個(gè)孩子。
4. knowing that they were going there ,the students began to make preparations.當(dāng)學(xué)生們知道他們要去那兒，就開始作準(zhǔn)備了。
5. not feeling very well, he went to see the doctor.因?yàn)楦械讲皇娣�，他就去看醫(yī)生了。
6. being ill ,he didn’t go to school.因?yàn)樯。蜎]去上學(xué)。
7. being afraid of his parents, he didn’t go downstairs.因?yàn)楹ε滤母改�，他沒有下樓下樓。
8. reading english novels , he seldom looks up new words in a dictionary.他看小說時(shí)很少少查字典。
[思考?xì)w納]
1. 在句中為什么要用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語？
回答：如果分詞的邏輯主語和句中的主語是________，那就用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中狀語。
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以作什么狀語？
回答：現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以做__________________________。
35，初探what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
[觀察分析]
1. what he said is true.他說的是真的。
2. what really interested him was to travel outside. 確實(shí)能吸引他的是出去旅游。
3. do you know what we are going to do this evening.你知道今晚我們要做什么嗎？
4. what he does is also what i want to do . 他做的就是我想做的。
5. you are welcome. that’s what i should do .你太客氣了啊。是我應(yīng)該做的。
6. he didn’t know what was the matter.他不知道發(fā)生什么了。
7. that’s what i am doing now.那就是我現(xiàn)在在做的事情。
8. our city is not what it used to be .我們的城市再也不是過去的那個(gè)樣子了。
[思考?xì)w納]
`1. what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中可做什么成分？
回答：what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句可以在句中做_______、________、________等。
2這些名詞性從句中，什么時(shí)候用what來引導(dǎo)？
回答：首先，判斷這些從句是什么從句，再結(jié)合中文意思，最后去分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。what在句中可以作 ________、_________ 、________等。
in order to， in order that, so that 與 so as to用法探異
[觀察分析]
1. people must eat in order to live.人們必須吃飯才能生活。
2. he works very hard in order to support his family.他努力工作是為了養(yǎng)家糊口。
3. he got up very early in order to catch the first bus.他起的很早是為了趕上頭班車。
4. we should work hard in order that we can pass the exam.為了能通過考試，我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。
5. they talked in a very low voice in order that they could not be heard.為了不讓別人聽見他們講話，他們用很低的聲音講話。
6. in order to get home on time, he didn’t rest on his way . 為了能夠準(zhǔn)時(shí)回到家，他在路上都沒有休息。
7. we hurried so as to be in time.我們趕緊走，好及時(shí)到。
8. speak clearly so that everybody can understand you .請(qǐng)說清楚點(diǎn)，這樣每個(gè)人都能明白你。
9. he often told lies,so that no one believe him .他經(jīng)常撒謊，都沒人相信他。
10. please wear your sun glasses so that the sun won’t burn your skin.請(qǐng)帶上太陽眼鏡，這樣太陽就不會(huì)曬傷你的皮膚。
[思考?xì)w納]
1. 這些詞組是什么意思？
回答：這幾個(gè)詞組在意思是差不多的，都表示__________。
2. 這些詞組在句中作什么成分？用法上有什么不同？
回答：這些詞組在句中一般做狀語，表示______。so as to 和 in order to 后面一般跟________；前者引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)詞不定式不可放在______，而后者引導(dǎo)的可放在______。so that 和in order that 一般后面跟_______。
