關(guān)于辯論與邏輯
“非邏輯關(guān)系”的意思就是沒有邏輯關(guān)系，也就是英文”it does not follow”的意思。再看下面兩例：
-- cindy lives across the street from her cousin. consequently the two have developed a warm relationship.
-- marijuana should be legalized. one of the reasons is that it serves as a pain killer for headaches, cramps, and other routine ailments, and has been used as such for thousands of years.
邏輯錯(cuò)誤通常可以分為兩種：形式邏輯錯(cuò)誤(formal fallacies)和內(nèi)容邏輯錯(cuò)誤(material fallacies)。形式邏輯錯(cuò)誤來源于三段論推理形式的錯(cuò)誤，這類錯(cuò)誤違反三段論推理的原則，即推理的前提與結(jié)論之間缺乏必要的邏輯形式關(guān)系;而內(nèi)容邏輯錯(cuò)誤涉及推理的內(nèi)容，即推理的前提本身不正確或不準(zhǔn)確。上面我們分析的長(zhǎng)者華納的四種邏輯錯(cuò)誤都是屬于內(nèi)容邏輯錯(cuò)誤。在談邏輯錯(cuò)誤之前，我們必須了解邏輯的基本類型和形式。下面我們簡(jiǎn)單介紹歸納與演繹推理、三段論的推理形式。