演講比賽選手注意事項(xiàng)
這種開(kāi)場(chǎng)的方式單刀直入，能夠直奔演講主題，通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，直切主題能迅速吸引聽(tīng)眾的注意。
1.2.2設(shè)問(wèn)式
演講者一開(kāi)始就提出一個(gè)或幾個(gè)令人出乎意料的問(wèn)題，能夠迅速地喚起聽(tīng)眾的興趣和注意力，引發(fā)人們的深思，自然地激發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的參與意識(shí)，縮短與聽(tīng)眾的距離。采用設(shè)問(wèn)開(kāi)頭的方式，關(guān)鍵在于問(wèn)題要提得好，提得恰當(dāng)。提問(wèn)的信息要與后面闡述的問(wèn)題聯(lián)系緊密，能巧妙而自然地引出演講的主體內(nèi)容。第三屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽冠軍梁勵(lì)敏在演講“are buses better than cars?”時(shí)這樣開(kāi)頭：is not owning aprivate eara dreamthat is deeply rooted in any chinese for years time?isn’t it true that in devel—oped countries，ears have already become all indispensable part of everyone’slife?i think we are all familiar with the scene in the western movies when thewhole family goes out on a car trip.when the parents sit at the front and thechildren at the back.and isn’t that indeed avery harmonious picture?這一連串的發(fā)問(wèn)能緊緊抓住聽(tīng)眾。
1.2.3引用式
在演講的開(kāi)始引用名人名言、詩(shī)句等，以提出問(wèn)題或論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。例如第十二屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽冠軍的即興演講是這樣開(kāi)頭的：“when i am dead，my dearest，sing no sad songs for me.plant thou no roses at my head，no shady cypretree.be the green graabove mewith showers and dewdrops wet.and，if thou wilt，remember.and，if thou wilt，forget.’’她引用這首詩(shī)來(lái)說(shuō)明“死亡并不恐怖，對(duì)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)死亡是美好的”。
1.2.4講述故事法
以一個(gè)故事，一則新聞或自己的一次經(jīng)歷引出演講的主題，容易吸引聽(tīng)眾的注意力，激發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的興趣。用故事開(kāi)頭，需要做到敘事簡(jiǎn)明扼要，所用事例要有針對(duì)性，所敘事情要與中心論題密切相關(guān)。最后還要回到主題上來(lái)，對(duì)所述故事進(jìn)行升華j如第十二屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽季軍楊赫在即興演講“what is self-esteem?how should you improve yourself-esteem?”中這樣說(shuō)到：“in traditional chinese classics，there was a man，who was starved to death who still refused to take the food that was offered tohim，using some rude words.in modern w÷stem literature，there is a woman，named jane eyre，who refused to marry edward rochester，when he lookeddown upon her.what do they have in common?why do we respect them somuch?that is because of their strong self-esteem.’’
1.3結(jié)尾
俗話(huà)說(shuō)“編筐編簍，重在收口;描龍畫(huà)風(fēng)，難在點(diǎn)睛”。演講的結(jié)尾，就是演講的“收口”、“點(diǎn)睛”。好的結(jié)尾除了能揭示題旨、加深認(rèn)識(shí)，給聽(tīng)眾留下完整深刻的印象外還能使整個(gè)演講通篇渾然一體;另外好的結(jié)尾能夠鼓動(dòng)激-情、促人深思、令人覺(jué)醒，能讓聽(tīng)眾在反復(fù)回味中受到教育和啟發(fā)。結(jié)尾的主要方法有以下幾種方式。
1.3.1總結(jié)
總結(jié)法就是以簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言扼要地概括前面所講述的內(nèi)容，以便給聽(tīng)眾留下一個(gè)完整、清晰而深刻的印象。這種結(jié)尾能夠概括和點(diǎn)化主旨，起到提醒、強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。大多數(shù)選手在即興演講時(shí)都是以這種方式結(jié)尾的。第十二屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽第四名黎志敏演講時(shí)這樣結(jié)尾“in conclusion.1 want to say that we only have one earth and we should spareno effort to make our earth a better place and to steer our earth forthe better.”