喬布斯演講稿4篇

　　this is the text of the commencement address by steve jobs, ceo of apple computer and of pixar animation studios, delivered on june 12, .

　　i am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. i never graduated from college. truth be told, i never graduated from college. this is the closest i've ever gotten to a college graduation. today i want to tell you three stories from my life. that's it. no big deal. just three stories.

　　斯坦福是世界上最好的大學(xué)之一，今天能參加各位的畢業(yè)典禮，我備感榮幸。(尖叫聲)我從來沒有從大學(xué)畢業(yè)，說句實話，此時算是我離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一刻。(笑聲)今天，我想告訴你們我生命中的三個故事，并非什么了不得的大事件，只是三個小故事而已。

　　the first story is about connecting the dots.

　　第一個故事　關(guān)于串起生命中的點點滴滴

　　i dropped out of reed college after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before i really quit. so why did i drop out?

　　退學(xué)是我這一生所做出的最正確的決定之一。我在里德大學(xué)待了6個月就退學(xué)了，但之后仍作為旁聽生混了18個月后才最終離開。我為什么要退學(xué)呢?

　　it started before i was born. my biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. she felt very strongly that i should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. except that when i popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. so my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "we have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" they said: "of course." my biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. she refused to sign the final adoption papers. she only relented a few months later when my parents promised that i would someday go to college.

　　故事要從我出生之前開始說起。我的生母是一名年輕的未婚媽媽，當(dāng)時她還是一所大學(xué)的在讀研究生，于是決定把我送給其他人收養(yǎng)。她堅持我應(yīng)該被一對念過大學(xué)的夫婦收養(yǎng)，所以在我出生的時候，她已經(jīng)為我被一個律師和他的太太收養(yǎng)做好了所有的準備。但在最后一刻，這對夫婦改了主意，決定收養(yǎng)一個女孩。候選名單上的另外一對夫婦，也就是我的養(yǎng)父母，在一天午夜接到了一通電話：“ 有一個不請自來的男嬰，你們想收養(yǎng)嗎?” 他們回答：“ 當(dāng)然想。” 事后，我的生母才發(fā)現(xiàn)我的養(yǎng)母根本就沒有從大學(xué)畢業(yè)，而我的養(yǎng)父甚至連高中都沒有畢業(yè)，所以她拒絕簽署最后的收養(yǎng)文件，直到幾個月后，我的養(yǎng)父母保證會把我送到大學(xué)，她的態(tài)度才有所轉(zhuǎn)變。

　　and 17 years later i did go to college. but i naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. after six months, i couldn't see the value in it. i had no idea what i wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. and here i was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. so i decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out ok. it was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions i ever made. the minute i dropped out i could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

　　17 年之后，我真上了大學(xué)。但因為年幼無知，我選擇了一所和斯坦福一樣昂貴的大學(xué)，(笑聲)我的父母都是工人階級，他們傾其所有資助我的學(xué)業(yè)。在6個月之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己完全不知道這樣念下去究竟有什么用。當(dāng)時，我的人生漫無目標(biāo)，也不知道大學(xué)對我能起到什么幫助，為了念書，還花光了父母畢生的積蓄，所以我決定退學(xué)。我相信車到山前必有路。當(dāng)時作這個決定的時候非常害怕，但現(xiàn)在回頭去看，這是我這一生所做出的最正確的決定之一。(笑聲)從我退學(xué)那一刻起，我就再也不用去上那些我毫無興趣的必修課了，我開始旁聽那些看來比較有意思的科目。

　　it wasn't all romantic. i didn't have a dorm room, so i slept on the floor in friends' rooms, i returned coke bottles for the 5 cent; deposits to buy food with, and i would walk the 7 miles across town every sunday night to get one good meal a week at the hare krishna temple. i loved it. and much of what i stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. let me give you one example:

　　reed college at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. because i had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, i decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. i learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. it was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and i found it fascinating.

　　這件事情做起來一點都不浪漫。因為沒有自己的宿舍，我只能睡在朋友房間的地板上;可樂瓶的押金是5 分錢，我把瓶子還回去好用押金買吃的;在每個周日的晚上，我都會步行7英里穿越市區(qū)，到harekrishna教堂吃一頓大餐，我喜歡那兒的食物。我跟隨好奇心和直覺所做的事情，事后證明大多數(shù)都是極其珍貴的經(jīng)驗。我舉一個例子：那個時候，里德大學(xué)提供了全美國最好的書法教育。整個校園的每一張海報，每一個抽屜上的標(biāo)簽，都是漂亮的手寫體。由于已經(jīng)退學(xué)，不用再去上那些常規(guī)的課程，于是我選擇了一個書法班，想學(xué)學(xué)怎么寫出一手漂亮。在這個班上，我學(xué)習(xí)了各種體，如何改變不同體組合之間的間距，以及如何做出漂亮的版式。那是一種科學(xué)永遠無法捕捉的充滿美感、歷史感和藝術(shù)感的微妙，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這太有意思了。

　　none of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. but ten years later, when we were designing the first macintosh computer, it all came back to me. and we designed it all into the mac. it was the first computer with beautiful typography. if i had never dropped in on that single course in college, the mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. and since windows just copied the mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. if i had never dropped out, i would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when i was in college. but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

　　當(dāng)時，我壓根兒沒想到這些知識會在我的生命中有什么實際運用價值;但是10 年之后，當(dāng)我們設(shè)計第一款macintosh 電腦的時候，這些東西全派上了用場。我把它們?nèi)�部設(shè)計進了mac ，這是第一臺可以排出好看版式的電腦。如果當(dāng)時我大學(xué)里沒有旁聽這門課程的話，mac 就不會提供各種體和等間距體。自從windows系統(tǒng)抄襲了mac 以后，(鼓掌大笑)所有的個人電腦都有了這些東西。如果我沒有退學(xué)，我就不會去書法班旁聽，而今天的個人電腦大概也就不會有出色的版式功能。當(dāng)然我在念大學(xué)的那會兒，不可能有先見之明，把那些生命中的點點滴滴都串起來;但10 年之后再回頭看，生命的軌跡變得非常清楚。

　　again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. you have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. this approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

　　再強調(diào)一次，你不可能充滿預(yù)見地將生命的點滴串聯(lián)起來;只有在你回頭看的時候，你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些點點滴滴之間的聯(lián)系。所以，你要堅信，你現(xiàn)在所經(jīng)歷的將在你未來的生命中串聯(lián)起來。你不得不相信某些東西，你的直覺、命運、生活、因緣際會…… 正是這種信仰讓我不會失去希望，它讓我的人生變得與眾不同。

　　my second story is about love and loss.

　　第二個故事　關(guān)于愛與失去

　　i was lucky — i found what i loved to do early in life. woz and i started apple in my parents garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. we had just released our finest creation — the macintosh — a year earlier, and i had just turned 30. and then i got fired. how can you get fired from a company you started? well, as apple grew we hired someone who i thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. but then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. when we did, our board of directors sided with him. so at 30 i was out. and very publicly out. what had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

　　被蘋果開掉是我這一生所經(jīng)歷過的最棒的事情。

　　我是幸運的，在年輕的時候就知道了自己愛做什么。在我20 歲的時候，就和沃茲在我父母的車庫里開創(chuàng)了蘋果電腦公司。我們勤奮工作，只用了10 年的時間，蘋果電腦就從車庫里的兩個小伙子擴展成擁有4000 名員工，價值達到20 億美元的企業(yè)。而在此之前的一年，我們剛推出了我們最好的產(chǎn)品macintosh 電腦，當(dāng)時我剛過而立之年。然后，我就被炒了魷魚。一個人怎么可以被他所創(chuàng)立的公司解雇呢?(笑聲)這么說吧，隨著蘋果的成長，我們請了一個原本以為很能干的家伙和我一起管理這家公司，在頭一年左右，他干得還不錯，但后來，我們對公司未來的前景出現(xiàn)了分歧，于是我們之間出現(xiàn)了矛盾。由于公司的董事會站在他那一邊，所以在我30 歲的時候，就被踢出了局。我失去了一直貫穿在我整個成年生活的重心，打擊是毀滅性的。

　　i really didn't know what to do for a few months. i felt that i had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that i had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. i met with david packard and bob noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. i was a very public failure, and i even thought about running away from the valley. but something slowly began to dawn on me — i still loved what i did. the turn of events at apple had not changed that one bit. i had been rejected, but i was still in love. and so i decided to start over.

　　在頭幾個月，我真不知道要做些什么。我覺得我讓企業(yè)界的前輩們失望了，我失去了傳到我手上的指揮棒。我遇到了戴維. 帕卡德(普惠的創(chuàng)辦人之一)和鮑勃. 諾伊斯(英特爾的創(chuàng)辦人之一)，我向他們道歉，因為我把事情搞砸了。我成了人人皆知的失敗者，我甚至想過逃離硅谷。但曙光漸漸出現(xiàn)，我還是喜歡我做過的事情。在蘋果電腦發(fā)生的一切絲毫沒有改變我，一個比特都沒有。雖然被拋棄了，但我的熱忱不改。我決定重新開始。

　　i didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. the heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. it freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

　　during the next five years, i started a company named next, another company named pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, toy story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. in a remarkable turn of events, apple bought next, i returned to apple, and the technology we developed at next is at the heart of apple's current renaissance. and laurene and i have a wonderful family together.

　　我當(dāng)時沒有看出來，但事實證明，我被蘋果開掉是我這一生所經(jīng)歷過的最棒的事情。成功的沉重被鳳凰涅槃的輕盈所代替，每件事情都不再那么確定，我以自由之軀進入了我整個生命當(dāng)中最有創(chuàng)意的時期。

　　在接下來的5 年里，我開創(chuàng)了一家叫做next 的公司，接著是一家名叫pixar 的公司，并且結(jié)識了后來成為我妻子的曼妙女郎。pixar 制作了世界上第一部全電腦動畫電影《玩具總動員》，現(xiàn)在這家公司是世界上最成功的動畫制作公司之一。(掌聲)后來經(jīng)歷一系列的事件，蘋果買下了next ，于是我又回到了蘋果，我們在next 研發(fā)出的技術(shù)成為推動蘋果復(fù)興的核心動力。我和勞倫斯也擁有了美滿的家庭。

　　i'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if i hadn't been fired from apple. it was awful tasting medicine, but i guess the patient needed it.

　　sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. don't lose faith. i'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that i loved what i did. you've got to find what you love. and that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. if you haven't found it yet, keep looking. don't settle. as with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. and, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. so keep looking until you find it. don't settle.

　　我非�？隙�，如果沒有被蘋果炒掉，這一切都不可能在我身上發(fā)生。

　　生活有時候就像一塊板磚拍向你的腦袋，但不要喪失信心。熱愛我所從事的工作，是一直支持我不斷前進的惟一理由。你得找出你的最愛，對工作如此，對愛人亦是如此。工作將占據(jù)你生命中相當(dāng)大的一部分，從事你認為具有非凡意義的工作，方能給你帶來真正的滿足感。而從事一份偉大工作的惟一方法，就是去熱愛這份工作。如果你到現(xiàn)在還沒有找到這樣一份工作，那么就繼續(xù)找。不要安于現(xiàn)狀，當(dāng)萬事了于心的時候，你就會知道何時能找到。如同任何偉大的浪漫關(guān)系一樣，偉大的工作只會在歲月的醞釀中越陳越香。所以，在你終有所獲之前，不要停下你尋覓的腳步。不要停下。

　　my third story is about death.

　　第三個故事 關(guān)于死亡

　　when i was 17, i read a quote that went something like: "if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." it made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, i have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "if today were the last day of my life, would i want to do what i am about to do today?" and whenever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row, i know i need to change something.

　　在17 歲的時候，我讀過一句格言，好像是：“ 如果你把每一天都當(dāng)成你生命里的最后一天，你將在某一天發(fā)現(xiàn)原來一切皆在掌握之中。” (笑聲)這句話從我讀到之日起，就對我產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。在過去的33 年里，我每天早晨都對著鏡子問自己：“ 如果今天是我生命中的末日，我還愿意做我今天本來應(yīng)該做的事情嗎?” 當(dāng)一連好多天答案都否定的時候，我就知道做出改變的時候到了。

　　remembering that i'll be dead soon is the most important tool i've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. remembering that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. you are already naked. there is no reason not to follow your heart.

　　提醒自己行將入土是我在面臨人生中的重大抉擇時，最為重要的工具。

　　因為所有的事情——外界的期望、所有的尊榮、對尷尬和失敗的懼怕——在面對死亡的時候，都將煙消云散，只留下真正重要的東西。在我所知道的各種方法中，提醒自己即將死去是避免掉入畏懼失去這個陷阱的最好辦法。人赤條條地來，赤條條地走，沒有理由不聽從你內(nèi)心的呼喚。

　　about a year ago i was diagnosed with cancer. i had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. i didn't even know what a pancreas was. the doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that i should expect to live no longer than three to six months. my doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. it means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. it means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. it means to say your goodbyes.

　　大約一年前，我被診斷出癌癥。在早晨7 ：30 我做了一個檢查，掃描結(jié)果清楚地顯示我的胰臟出現(xiàn)了一個腫瘤。我當(dāng)時甚至不知道胰臟究竟是什么。醫(yī)生告訴我，幾乎可以確定這是一種不治之癥，頂多還能活3至6個月。大夫建議我回家，把諸事安排妥當(dāng)，這是醫(yī)生對臨終病人的標(biāo)準用語。這意味著你得把你今后10 年要對你的子女說的話用幾個月的時間說完;這意味著你得把一切都安排妥當(dāng)，盡可能減少你的家人在你身后的負擔(dān);這意味著向眾人告別的時間到了。

　　i lived with that diagnosis all day. later that evening i had a biopsy, where they stuck anendoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. i was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. i had the surgery and i'm fine now.

　　我整天都想著診斷結(jié)果。那天晚上做了一個切片檢查，醫(yī)生把一個內(nèi)窺鏡從我的喉管伸進去，穿過我的胃進入腸道，將探針伸進胰臟，從腫瘤上取出了幾個細胞。我打了鎮(zhèn)靜劑，但我的太太當(dāng)時在場，她后來告訴我說，當(dāng)大夫們從顯微鏡下觀察了細胞組織之后，都哭了起來，因為那是非常罕見的，可以通過手術(shù)治療的胰臟癌。我接受了手術(shù)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)康復(fù)了。

　　this was the closest i've been to facing death, and i hope its the closest i get for a few more decades. having lived through it, i can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

　　no one wants to die. even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. and yet death is the destination we all share. no one has ever escaped it. and that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. it is life's change agent. it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

　　這是我最接近死亡的一次，我希望在隨后的幾十年里，都不要有比這一次更接近死亡的經(jīng)歷。在經(jīng)歷了這次與死神擦肩而過的經(jīng)驗之后，死亡對我來說只是一項有效的判斷工具，并且只是一個純粹的理性概念，我能夠更肯定地告訴你們以下事實：沒人想死;即使想去天堂的人，也是希望能活著進去。(笑聲)死亡是我們每個人的人生終點站，沒人能夠成為例外。生命就是如此，因為死亡很可能是生命最好的造物，它是生命更迭的媒介，送走耄耋老者，給新生代讓路�，F(xiàn)在你們還是新生代，但不久的將來你們也將逐漸老去，被送出人生的舞臺。很抱歉說得這么富有戲劇性，但生命就是如此。

　　your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. and most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. they somehow already know what you truly want to become. everything else is secondary.

　　你們的時間有限，所以不要把時間浪費在別人的生活里。不要被條條框框束縛，否則你就生活在他人思考的結(jié)果里。不要讓他人的觀點所發(fā)出的噪音淹沒你內(nèi)心的聲音。最為重要的是，要有遵從你的內(nèi)心和直覺的勇氣，它們可能已知道你其實想成為一個什么樣的人。其他事物都是次要的。

　　when i was young, there was an amazing publication called the whole earth catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. it was created by a fellow named stewart brand not far from here in menlo park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. this was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. it was sort of like google in paperback form, 35 years before google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

　　在我年輕的時候，有一本非常棒的雜志叫《全球目錄》(the whole earth catalog)，它被我們那一代人奉為圭臬。這本雜志的創(chuàng)辦人是一個叫斯圖爾特. 布蘭德的家伙，他住在menlo park，距離這兒不遠。他把這本雜志辦得充滿詩意。那是在60 年代末期，個人電腦、桌面發(fā)排系統(tǒng)還沒有出現(xiàn)，所以出版工具只有打機、剪刀和寶麗來相機。這本雜志有點像印在紙上的google ，但那是在google 出現(xiàn)的35 年前;它充滿了理想色彩，內(nèi)容都是些非常好用的工具和了不起的見解。

　　stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words: "stay hungry. stay foolish." it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you.

　　圖爾特和他的團隊做了幾期《全球目錄》，快無疾而終的時候，他們出版了最后一期。那是在70 年代中期，我當(dāng)時處在你們現(xiàn)在的年齡。在最后一期的封底有一張清晨鄉(xiāng)間公路的照片，如果你喜歡搭車冒險旅行的話，經(jīng)常會碰到的那種小路。在照片下面有一排：物有所不足，智有所不明(stay hungry ，stay foolish. 求知若饑，虛心若愚)這是他們�？�的告別留言。物有所不足，智有所不明—— 我總是以此自省�，F(xiàn)在，在你們畢業(yè)開始新生活的時候，我把這句話送給你們。

　　stay hungry. stay foolish.

　　thank you all very much

　　求知若饑，虛心若愚。

　　非常感謝!

　　this is the text of the commencement address by steve jobs, ceo of apple computer and of pixar animation studios, delivered on june 12, .

　　這是蘋果公司和pixar動畫工作室的ceo steve jobs于XX年6月12號在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上面的演講稿。

　　i am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. i never graduated from college. truth be told, this is the closest i've ever gotten to a college graduation. today i want to tell you three stories from my life. that's it. no big deal. just three stories.

　　我今天很榮幸能和你們一起參加畢業(yè)典禮，斯坦福大學(xué)是世界上最好的大學(xué)之一。我從來沒有從大學(xué)中畢業(yè)。說實話,今天也許是在我的生命中離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一天了。今天我想向你們講述我生活中的三個故事。不是什么大不了的事情,只是三個故事而已。

　　the first story is about connecting the dots.

　　第一個故事是關(guān)于如何把生命中的點點滴滴串連起來。

　　i dropped out of reed college after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before i really quit. so why did i drop out?

　　我在reed大學(xué)讀了六個月之后就退學(xué)了,但是在十八個月以后——我真正的作出退學(xué)決定之前,我還經(jīng)常去學(xué)校。我為什么要退學(xué)呢？

　　it started before i was born. my biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. she felt very strongly that i should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. except that when i popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. so my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "we have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" they said: "of course." my biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. she refused to sign the final adoption papers. she only relented a few months later when my parents promised that i would someday go to college.

　　故事從我出生的時候講起。我的親生母親是一個年輕的,沒有結(jié)婚的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。她決定讓別人收養(yǎng)我, 她十分想讓我被大學(xué)畢業(yè)生收養(yǎng)。所以在我出生的時候，她已經(jīng)做好了一切的準備工作，能使得我被一個律師和他的妻子所收養(yǎng)。但是她沒有料到,當(dāng)我出生之后,律師夫婦突然決定他們想要一個女孩。所以我的生養(yǎng)父母（他們還在我親生父母的觀察名單上）突然在半夜接到了一個電話:“我們現(xiàn)在這兒有一個不小心生出來的男嬰,你們想要他嗎？”他們回答道:“當(dāng)然！”但是我親生母親隨后發(fā)現(xiàn)，我的養(yǎng)母從來沒有上過大學(xué),我的父親甚至從沒有讀過高中。她拒絕簽這個收養(yǎng)合同。只是在幾個月以后,我的父母答應(yīng)她一定要讓我上大學(xué),那個時候她才同意。

　　and 17 years later i did go to college. but i naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. after six months, i couldn't see the value in it. i had no idea what i wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. and here i was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. so i decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out ok. it was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions i ever made. the minute i dropped out i could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

　　在十七歲那年,我真的上了大學(xué)。但是我很愚蠢的選擇了一個幾乎和你們斯坦福大學(xué)一樣貴的學(xué)校, 我父母還處于藍領(lǐng)階層，他們幾乎把所有積蓄都花在了我的學(xué)費上面。在六個月后, 我已經(jīng)看不到其中的價值所在。我不知道我想要在生命中做什么,我也不知道大學(xué)能幫助我找到怎樣的答案。但是在這里，我?guī)缀趸ü饬宋腋改高@一輩子的所有積蓄。所以我決定要退學(xué),我覺得這是個正確的決定。不能否認,我當(dāng)時確實非常的害怕, 但是現(xiàn)在回頭看看,那的確是我這一生中最棒的一個決定。在我做出退學(xué)決定的那一刻, 我終于可以不必去讀那些令我提不起絲毫興趣的課程了。然后我還可以去修那些看起來有點意思的課程。

　　it wasn't all romantic. i didn't have a dorm room, so i slept on the floor in friends' rooms, i returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and i would walk the 7 miles across town every sunday night to get one good meal a week at the hare krishna temple. i loved it. and much of what i stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. let me give you one example:

　　但是這并不是那么羅曼蒂克。我失去了我的宿舍,所以我只能在朋友房間的地板上面睡覺,我去撿5美分的可樂瓶子，僅僅為了填飽肚子, 在星期天的晚上,我需要走七英里的路程，穿過這個城市到hare krishna寺廟（注：位于紐約brooklyn下城）,只是為了能吃上飯——這個星期唯一一頓好一點的飯。但是我喜歡這樣。我跟著我的直覺和好奇心走, 遇到的很多東西,此后被證明是無價之寶。讓我給你們舉一個例子吧：

　　reed college at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. because i had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, i decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. i learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. it was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and i found it fascinating.

　　reed大學(xué)在那時提供也許是全美最好的美術(shù)課程。在這個大學(xué)里面的每個海報, 每個抽屜的標(biāo)簽上面全都是漂亮的美術(shù)。因為我退學(xué)了, 沒有受到正規(guī)的訓(xùn)練, 所以我決定去參加這個課程，去學(xué)學(xué)怎樣寫出漂亮的美術(shù)。我學(xué)到了san serif 和serif體, 我學(xué)會了怎么樣在不同的母組合之中改變空格的長度, 還有怎么樣才能作出最棒的印刷式樣。那是一種科學(xué)永遠不能捕捉到的、美麗的、真實的藝術(shù)精妙, 我發(fā)現(xiàn)那實在是太美妙了。

　　none of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. but ten years later, when we were designing the first macintosh computer, it all came back to me. and we designed it all into the mac. it was the first computer with beautiful typography. if i had never dropped in on that single course in college, the mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. and since windows just copied the mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. if i had never dropped out, i would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when i was in college. but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

　　當(dāng)時看起來這些東西在我的生命中，好像都沒有什么實際應(yīng)用的可能。但是十年之后,當(dāng)我們在設(shè)計第一臺macintosh電腦的時候,就不是那樣了。我把當(dāng)時我學(xué)的那些家伙全都設(shè)計進了mac。那是第一臺使用了漂亮的印刷體的電腦。如果我當(dāng)時沒有退學(xué), 就不會有機會去參加這個我感興趣的美術(shù)課程, mac就不會有這么多豐富的體，以及賞心悅目的體間距。那么現(xiàn)在個人電腦就不會有現(xiàn)在這么美妙的型了。當(dāng)然我在大學(xué)的時候，還不可能把從前的點點滴滴串連起來,但是當(dāng)我十年后回顧這一切的時候,真的豁然開朗了。

　　again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. you have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. this approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

　　再次說明的是,你在向前展望的時候不可能將這些片斷串連起來；你只能在回顧的時候?qū)Ⅻc點滴滴串連起來。所以你必須相信這些片斷會在你未來的某一天串連起來。你必須要相信某些東西：你的勇氣、目的、生命、因緣。這個過程從來沒有令我失望（let me down）,只是讓我的生命更加地與眾不同而已。

　　my second story is about love and loss.

　　我的第二個故事是關(guān)于愛和損失的。

　　i was lucky – i found what i loved to do early in life. woz and i started apple in my parents garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a billion company with over 4000 employees. we had just released our finest creation - the macintosh - a year earlier, and i had just turned 30. and then i got fired. how can you get fired from a company you started? well, as apple grew we hired someone who i thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. but then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. when we did, our board of directors sided with him. so at 30 i was out. and very publicly out. what had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

　　我非常幸運, 因為我在很早的時候就找到了我鐘愛的東西。woz和我在二十歲的時候就在父母的車庫里面開創(chuàng)了蘋果公司。我們工作得很努力, 十年之后, 這個公司從那兩個車庫中的窮光蛋發(fā)展到了超過四千名的雇員、價值超過二十億的大公司。在公司成立的第九年,我們剛剛發(fā)布了最好的產(chǎn)品,那就是macintosh。我也快要到三十歲了。在那一年, 我被炒了魷魚。你怎么可能被你自己創(chuàng)立的公司炒了魷魚呢? 嗯,在蘋果快速成長的時候，我們雇用了一個很有天分的家伙和我一起管理這個公司, 在最初的幾年,公司運轉(zhuǎn)的很好。但是后來我們對未來的看法發(fā)生了分歧, 最終我們吵了起來。當(dāng)爭吵不可開交的時候, 董事會站在了他的那一邊。所以在三十歲的時候, 我被炒了。在這么多人的眼皮下我被炒了。在而立之年，我生命的全部支柱離自己遠去, 這真是毀滅性的打擊。

　　i really didn't know what to do for a few months. i felt that i had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that i had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. i met with david packard and bob noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. i was a very public failure, and i even thought about running away from the valley. but something slowly began to dawn on me – i still loved what i did. the turn of events at apple had not changed that one bit. i had been rejected, but i was still in love. and so i decided to start over.

　　在最初的幾個月里，我真是不知道該做些什么。我把從前的創(chuàng)業(yè)激情給丟了, 我覺得自己讓與我一同創(chuàng)業(yè)的人都很沮喪。我和david pack和bob boyce見面，并試圖向他們道歉。我把事情弄得糟糕透頂了。但是我漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)了曙光, 我仍然喜愛我從事的這些東西。蘋果公司發(fā)生的這些事情絲毫的沒有改變這些, 一點也沒有。我被驅(qū)逐了,但是我仍然鐘愛它。所以我決定從頭再來。

　　i didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. the heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. it freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

　　我當(dāng)時沒有覺察, 但是事后證明, 從蘋果公司被炒是我這輩子發(fā)生的最棒的事情。因為，作為一個成功者的極樂感覺被作為一個創(chuàng)業(yè)者的輕松感覺所重新代替: 對任何事情都不那么特別看重。這讓我覺得如此自由, 進入了我生命中最有創(chuàng)造力的一個階段。

　　during the next five years, i started a company named next, another company named pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, toy story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. in a remarkable turn of events, apple bought next, i retuned to apple, and the technology we developed at next is at the heart of apple's current renaissance. and laurene and i have a wonderful family together.

　　在接下來的五年里, 我創(chuàng)立了一個名叫next的公司, 還有一個叫pixar的公司, 然后和一個后來成為我妻子的優(yōu)雅女人相識。pixar 制作了世界上第一個用電腦制作的動畫電影——玩具總動員”,pixar現(xiàn)在也是世界上最成功的電腦制作工作室。在后來的一系列運轉(zhuǎn)中,apple收購了next, 然后我又回到了apple公司。我們在next發(fā)展的技術(shù)在apple的復(fù)興之中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵的作用。我還和laurence 一起建立了一個幸福的家庭。

　　i'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if i hadn't been fired from apple. it was awful tasting medicine, but i guess the patient needed it. sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. don't lose faith. i'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that i loved what i did. you've got to find what you love. and that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. if you haven't found it yet, keep looking. don't settle. as with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. and, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. so keep looking until you find it. don't settle.

　　我可以非�？隙�,如果我不被apple開除的話, 這其中一件事情也不會發(fā)生的。這個良藥的味道實在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要這個藥。有些時候, 生活會拿起一塊磚頭向你的腦袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信心。我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我無比鐘愛。你需要去找到你所愛的東西。對于工作是如此, 對于你的愛人也是如此。你的工作將會占據(jù)生活中很大的一部分。你只有相信自己所做的是偉大的工作, 你才能怡然自得。如果你現(xiàn)在還沒有找到, 那么繼續(xù)找、不要停下來、全心全意的去找, 當(dāng)你找到的時候你就會知道的。就像任何真誠的關(guān)系, 隨著歲月的流逝只會越來越緊密。所以繼續(xù)找，直到你找到它，不要停下來！

　　my third story is about death.

　　我的第三個故事是關(guān)于死亡的。

　　when i was 17, i read a quote that went something like: "if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." it made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, i have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "if today were the last day of my life, would i want to do what i am about to do today?" and whenever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row, i know i need to change something.

　　當(dāng)我十七歲的時候, 我讀到了一句話:“如果你把每一天都當(dāng)作生命中最后一天去生活的話,那么有一天你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你是正確的。”這句話給我留下了深刻的印象。從那時開始,過了33年,我在每天早晨都會對著鏡子問自己:“如果今天是我生命中的最后一天, 你會不會完成你今天想做的事情呢？”當(dāng)答案連續(xù)很多次被給予“不是”的時候, 我知道自己需要改變某些事情了。

　　remembering that i'll be dead soon is the most important tool i've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. remembering that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. you are already naked. there is no reason not to follow your heart.

　　“記住你即將死去”是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它幫我指明了生命中重要的選擇。因為幾乎所有的事情, 包括所有的榮譽、所有的驕傲、所有對難堪和失敗的恐懼,這些在死亡面前都會消失。我看到的是留下的真正重要的東西。你有時候會思考你將會失去某些東西,“記住你即將死去”是我知道的避免這些想法的最好辦法。你已經(jīng)赤身裸體了, 你沒有理由不去跟隨自己的心一起跳動。

　　about a year ago i was diagnosed with cancer. i had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. i didn't even know what a pancreas was. the doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that i should expect to live no longer than three to six months. my doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. it means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. it means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. it means to say your goodbyes.

　　大概一年以前, 我被診斷出癌癥。我在早晨七點半做了一個檢查, 檢查清楚的顯示在我的胰腺有一個腫瘤。我當(dāng)時都不知道胰腺是什么東西。醫(yī)生告訴我那很可能是一種無法治愈的癌癥, 我還有三到六個月的時間活在這個世界上。我的醫(yī)生叫我回家, 然后整理好我的一切, 那就是醫(yī)生準備死亡的程序。那意味著你將要把未來十年對你小孩說的話在幾個月里面說完.；那意味著把每件事情都搞定, 讓你的家人會盡可能輕松的生活；那意味著你要說“再見了”。

　　i lived with that diagnosis all day. later that evening i had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. i was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. i had the surgery and i'm fine now.

　　我整天和那個診斷書一起生活。后來有一天早上我作了一個活切片檢查，醫(yī)生將一個內(nèi)窺鏡從我的喉嚨伸進去,通過我的胃, 然后進入我的腸子, 用一根針在我的胰腺上的腫瘤上取了幾個細胞。我當(dāng)時很鎮(zhèn)靜,因為我被注射了鎮(zhèn)定劑。但是我的妻子在那里, 后來告訴我，當(dāng)醫(yī)生在顯微鏡地下觀察這些細胞的時候他們開始尖叫, 因為這些細胞最后竟然是一種非常罕見的可以用手術(shù)治愈的胰腺癌癥。我做了這個手術(shù), 現(xiàn)在我痊愈了。

　　this was the closest i've been to facing death, and i hope its the closest i get for a few more decades. having lived through it, i can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

　　那是我最接近死亡的時候, 我還希望這也是以后的幾十年最接近的一次。從死亡線上又活了過來, 死亡對我來說，只是一個有用但是純粹是知識上的概念的時候，我可以更肯定一點地對你們說：

　　no one wants to die. even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. and yet death is the destination we all share. no one has ever escaped it. and that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. it is life's change agent. it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

　　沒有人愿意死, 即使人們想上天堂, 人們也不會為了去那里而死。但是死亡是我們每個人共同的終點。從來沒有人能夠逃脫它。也應(yīng)該如此。因為死亡就是生命中最好的一個發(fā)明。它將舊的清除以便給新的讓路。你們現(xiàn)在是新的, 但是從現(xiàn)在開始不久以后, 你們將會逐漸的變成舊的然后被清除。我很抱歉這很戲劇性, 但是這十分的真實。

　　your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. and most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. they somehow already know what you truly want to become. everything else is secondary.

　　你們的時間很有限, 所以不要將他們浪費在重復(fù)其他人的生活上。不要被教條束縛,那意味著你和其他人思考的結(jié)果一起生活。不要被其他人喧囂的觀點掩蓋你真正的內(nèi)心的聲音。還有最重要的是, 你要有勇氣去聽從你直覺和心靈的指示——它們在某種程度上知道你想要成為什么樣子，所有其他的事情都是次要的。

　　when i was young, there was an amazing publication called the whole earth catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. it was created by a fellow named stewart brand not far from here in menlo park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. this was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. it was sort of like google in paperback form, 35 years before google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

　　當(dāng)我年輕的時候, 有一本叫做“整個地球的目錄”振聾發(fā)聵的雜志，它是我們那一代人的圣經(jīng)之一。它是一個叫stewart brand的家伙在離這里不遠的menlo park書寫的, 他象詩一般神奇地將這本書帶到了這個世界。那是六十年代后期, 在個人電腦出現(xiàn)之前, 所以這本書全部是用打機,、剪刀還有偏光鏡制造的。有點像用軟皮包裝的google, 在google出現(xiàn)三十五年之前：這是理想主義的， 其中有許多靈巧的工具和偉大的想法。

　　stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words: "stay hungry. stay foolish." it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you.

　　stewart和他的伙伴出版了幾期的“整個地球的目錄”,當(dāng)它完成了自己使命的時候, 他們做出了最后一期的目錄。那是在七十年代的中期, 你們的時代。在最后一期的封底上是清晨鄉(xiāng)村公路的照片（如果你有冒險精神的話，你可以自己找到這條路的），在照片之下有這樣一段話：“保持饑餓,保持愚蠢�！边@是他們停止了發(fā)刊的告別語�！氨３逐囸I,保持愚蠢�！蔽铱偸窍Ｍ�自己能夠那樣,現(xiàn)在, 在你們即將畢業(yè)，開始新的旅程的時候, 我也希望你們能這樣：

　　stay hungry. stay foolish.

　　保持饑餓，保持愚蠢。

　　thank you all very much.

　　非常感謝你們

　　無論在學(xué)習(xí)還是工作中，我們都會接觸或用到各類英語演講，小到課堂作業(yè)和工作匯報，大到會議發(fā)言和職位競選。那么如何才能打造一篇精彩的英語演講稿呢?下面筆者就以喬布斯XX年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)演講稿為范本來具體剖析一下英語演講稿的寫作要點，幫助大家了解其基本寫作要領(lǐng)。i’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫龍點睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫龍點睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強化了聽眾的印象。這句話后來也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對演講中的各個論點或要點進行簡單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽眾的印象。②強有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講“liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時說道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對開篇提到的主題和重點進行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，邏輯清晰

　　指出演講話題的重要性。比如要做一場關(guān)于“英語演講的藝術(shù)”的演講，演講者在一開始就可以指出該演講對于聽眾今后的學(xué)習(xí)、工作將會有很大幫助，甚至可以給出一些數(shù)據(jù)和實例，讓聽眾明白不聽這個演講將會是一個損失，這樣聽眾就會樂于認真聽演講了。②使聽眾感到震驚。例如要做一場關(guān)于“生活方式與疾病”的演講，開篇就可以給出一組極具沖擊力的數(shù)據(jù)，讓聽眾看到生活方式不健康將會產(chǎn)生多么可怕的后果，這樣的震驚能夠使聽眾快速調(diào)整狀態(tài)，投入到聽演講中去。③引起聽眾的好奇心。演講者可以在開篇指出一種特別的現(xiàn)象，聽眾出于好奇就會認真聽演講，想知道演講者如何分析或解釋。④向觀眾提問。演講者可以在開篇提出一個問題，這樣可以引發(fā)聽眾的思考，也會引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)ヂ犙葜v者如何解答問題。此外，也可以在開篇引用一段名言，或是講述一個故事等，這些基本的開篇方式被無數(shù)的演講證明是實用而且有效的。 　　觀點明確，支撐有效 　　毫無疑問，在演講稿中，主體段的信息量最大，寫作量也最大。如何清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點或演講要點，如何用相關(guān)事實有效地支撐演講者的各個論點或要點，是演講稿主體段寫作時應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講中明確給出了三個要點：① the first story is about connecting the dots. ② my second story is about love and loss. ③ my third story is about death.為了清晰、有效地闡述自己想要表達的這三個要點，他運用了以下三種手段：首先是舉例子。喬布斯在演講中用了大量的事例來說明他怎么對待學(xué)習(xí)、工作和死亡。比如他說自己讀書時旁聽有意思的書法課程，這些課在當(dāng)時對他沒什么實質(zhì)幫助，但是十年后在當(dāng)他設(shè)計第一款macintosh電腦的時候，這些東西全派上了用場，這個例子充分說明了他演講的第一個要點——串起生命中的點滴。另一個手段是引用。喬布斯在演講中引用了一些名言警句來闡述自己的觀點。比如在講到死亡時，他引用了一句格言：“if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.”這句話表明了他對于生命和死亡的看法，使聽眾印象深刻。第三個手段是數(shù)據(jù)支持。在講第二個故事——關(guān)于愛和失去時，喬布斯用了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來支撐自己的觀點。他說自己是幸運的，因為“woz and i started apple in my parents’ garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. we’d just released our finest creation—the macintosh—a year earlier, and

　　由于公共演講的聽眾一般有數(shù)十人甚至數(shù)百、數(shù)千人，再加上演講環(huán)境的不確定性(比如觀眾的歡呼或者抱怨)，演講者最好在進入主題之后馬上給出所講內(nèi)容的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，使聽眾能跟隨演講者的思路，更好地預(yù)判整個演講內(nèi)容，以達到良好的演講效果。比如，喬布斯在XX年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講中，開篇稍微寒暄之后就進入正題：“today i want to tell you three stories from my life. that’s it. no big deal. just three stories.”聽眾馬上能對演講內(nèi)容做出預(yù)判——今天會聽到喬布斯談三點，然后他們會關(guān)注具體是哪三點。這種演講就具備了“以觀眾為中心”的特質(zhì)。喬布斯在隨后的演講中分別提到，“the first story is about connecting the dots.”“my second story is about love and loss.”“my third story is about death.”由于演講思路非常明晰，聽眾在聽完之后也會記憶猶新。

　　i’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫龍點睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫龍點睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強化了聽眾的印象。這句話后來也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對演講中的各個論點或要點進行簡單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽眾的印象。②強有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講“liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時說道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對開篇提到的主題和重點進行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　當(dāng)然，演講稿在結(jié)構(gòu)方面的邏輯順序有許多種，喬布斯的這篇演講是按照話題順序和時間順序來安排的。除此之外，還有空間順序，“提出問題——分析問題——解決問題”的順序等。大家可以根據(jù)不同演講內(nèi)容的需要來安排自己演講稿的邏輯順序和整體結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　開篇出彩，吸引聽眾

　　演講稿的開篇往往需要花費大量的功夫去設(shè)計。在寫作開篇時，演講者需要結(jié)合聽眾特點、演講場合和演講主題等因素，爭取在一開始就緊緊抓住聽眾的注意力和興趣。下面筆者就介紹一下基本的演講開篇模式，供大家以后寫作演講稿參考。

　　演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性的經(jīng)典形式，值得借鑒。 為了更加有效地掌握文中講到的寫作演講稿的要點，筆者建議大家做到以下三點：①多看。多看一些演講素材，比如名人演講、演講比賽優(yōu)秀選手的演講等，積累大量的一手素材;也有必要閱讀一些關(guān)于英語公共演講的書籍，筆者在此推薦stephen e. lucas的《演講的藝術(shù)》(the art of public speaking)一書。②多想。學(xué)會分析這些演講之所以精彩的原因，可以從筆者上面講的幾點入手分析。③多練。在有了一定的積累之后，要大量練習(xí)寫作演講稿，話題可以從日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中選取，這樣練習(xí)起來會更有興趣和成就感。 　　(本文選自《新東方英語》雜志XX年2月號)

　　演講稿開篇的目的是吸引聽眾。喬布斯在他的演講稿開篇使用的是“關(guān)聯(lián)話題與聽眾”的方式。這是一種比較有效的方法，因為人們一般對自己的事情都很關(guān)注，和自己相關(guān)的事情也會格外留意。喬布斯在演講開篇說道：“i am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. truth be told, i never graduated from college. and this is the closest i’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度贊美斯坦福大學(xué)——這就是在與聽眾發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)。喬布斯就是通過這種方式讓聽眾一開始就對自己產(chǎn)生好感或?qū)ψ约旱难葜v內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生興趣。當(dāng)然，喬布斯還用了適當(dāng)?shù)挠哪�，更好地融洽了與聽眾的關(guān)系。

　　演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性的經(jīng)典形式，值得借鑒。 為了更加有效地掌握文中講到的寫作演講稿的要點，筆者建議大家做到以下三點：①多看。多看一些演講素材，比如名人演講、演講比賽優(yōu)秀選手的演講等，積累大量的一手素材;也有必要閱讀一些關(guān)于英語公共演講的書籍，筆者在此推薦stephen e. lucas的《演講的藝術(shù)》(the art of public speaking)一書。②多想。學(xué)會分析這些演講之所以精彩的原因，可以從筆者上面講的幾點入手分析。③多練。在有了一定的積累之后，要大量練習(xí)寫作演講稿，話題可以從日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中選取，這樣練習(xí)起來會更有興趣和成就感。 　　(本文選自《新東方英語》雜志XX年2月號)

　　除了喬布斯的這種開篇方式外，我們還需要了解和掌握其他一些開篇方式：①指出演講話題的重要性。比如要做一場關(guān)于“英語演講的藝術(shù)”的演講，演講者在一開始就可以指出該演講對于聽眾今后的學(xué)習(xí)、工作將會有很大幫助，甚至可以給出一些數(shù)據(jù)和實例，讓聽眾明白不聽這個演講將會是一個損失，這樣聽眾就會樂于認真聽演講了。②使聽眾感到震驚。例如要做一場關(guān)于“生活方式與疾病”的演講，開篇就可以給出一組極具沖擊力的數(shù)據(jù)，讓聽眾看到生活方式不健康將會產(chǎn)生多么可怕的后果，這樣的震驚能夠使聽眾快速調(diào)整狀態(tài)，投入到聽演講中去。③引起聽眾的好奇心。演講者可以在開篇指出一種特別的現(xiàn)象，聽眾出于好奇就會認真聽演講，想知道演講者如何分析或解釋。④向觀眾提問。演講者可以在開篇提出一個問題，這樣可以引發(fā)聽眾的思考，也會引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)ヂ犙葜v者如何解答問題。此外，也可以在開篇引用一段名言，或是講述一個故事等，這些基本的開篇方式被無數(shù)的演講證明是實用而且有效的。

　　i’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫龍點睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫龍點睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強化了聽眾的印象。這句話后來也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對演講中的各個論點或要點進行簡單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽眾的印象。②強有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講“liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時說道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對開篇提到的主題和重點進行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)　觀點明確，支撐有效

　　毫無疑問，在演講稿中，主體段的信息量最大，寫作量也最大。如何清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點或演講要點，如何用相關(guān)事實有效地支撐演講者的各個論點或要點，是演講稿主體段寫作時應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講中明確給出了三個要點：① the first story is about connecting the dots. ② my second story is about love and loss. ③ my third story is about death.為了清晰、有效地闡述自己想要表達的這三個要點，他運用了以下三種手段：首先是舉例子。喬布斯在演講中用了大量的事例來說明他怎么對待學(xué)習(xí)、工作和死亡。比如他說自己讀書時旁聽有意思的書法課程，這些課在當(dāng)時對他沒什么實質(zhì)幫助，但是十年后在當(dāng)他設(shè)計第一款macintosh電腦的時候，這些東西全派上了用場，這個例子充分說明了他演講的第一個要點——串起生命中的點滴。另一個手段是引用。喬布斯在演講中引用了一些名言警句來闡述自己的觀點。比如在講到死亡時，他引用了一句格言：“if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.”這句話表明了他對于生命和死亡的看法，使聽眾印象深刻。第三個手段是數(shù)據(jù)支持。在講第二個故事——關(guān)于愛和失去時，喬布斯用了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來支撐自己的觀點。他說自己是幸運的，因為“woz and i started apple in my parents’ garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. we’d just released our finest creation—the macintosh—a year earlier, and i’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。

　　i’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫龍點睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫龍點睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強化了聽眾的印象。這句話后來也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對演講中的各個論點或要點進行簡單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽眾的印象。②強有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講“liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時說道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對開篇提到的主題和重點進行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫龍點睛[來源：新東方 作者：錢希] 　　無論在學(xué)習(xí)還是工作中，我們都會接觸或用到各類英語演講，小到課堂作業(yè)和工作匯報，大到會議發(fā)言和職位競選。那么如何才能打造一篇精彩的英語演講稿呢?下面筆者就以喬布斯XX年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)演講稿為范本來具體剖析一下英語演講稿的寫作要點，幫助大家了解其基本寫作要領(lǐng)。 　　結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，邏輯清晰 由于公共演講的聽眾一般有數(shù)十人甚至數(shù)百、數(shù)千人，再加上演講環(huán)境的不確定性(比如觀眾的歡呼或者抱怨)，演講者最好在進入主題之后馬上給出所講內(nèi)容的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，使聽眾能跟隨演講者的思路，更好地預(yù)判整個演講內(nèi)容，以達到良好的演講效果。比如，喬布斯在XX年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講中，開篇稍微寒暄之后就進入正題：“today i want to tell you three stories from my life. that’s it. no big deal. just three stories.”聽眾馬上能對演講內(nèi)容做出預(yù)判——今天會聽到喬布斯談三點，然后他們會關(guān)注具體是哪三點。這種演講就具備了“以觀眾為中心”的特質(zhì)。喬布斯在隨后的演講中分別提到，“the first story is about connecting the dots.”“my second story is about love and loss.”“my third story is about death.”由于演講思路非常明晰，聽眾在聽完之后也會記憶猶新。 當(dāng)然，演講稿在結(jié)構(gòu)方面的邏輯順序有許多種，喬布斯的這篇演講是按照話題順序和時間順序來安排的。除此之外，還有空間順序，“提出問題——分析問題——解決問題”的順序等。大家可以根據(jù)不同演講內(nèi)容的需要來安排自己演講稿的邏輯順序和整體結(jié)構(gòu)。 　　開篇出彩，吸引聽眾 演講稿的開篇往往需要花費大量的功夫去設(shè)計。在寫作開篇時，演講者需要結(jié)合聽眾特點、演講場合和演講主題等因素，爭取在一開始就緊緊抓住聽眾的注意力和興趣。下面筆者就介紹一下基本的演講開篇模式，供大家以后寫作演講稿參考。 演講稿開篇的目的是吸引聽眾。喬布斯在他的演講稿開篇使用的是“關(guān)聯(lián)話題與聽眾”的方式。這是一種比較有效的方法，因為人們一般對自己的事情都很關(guān)注，和自己相關(guān)的事情也會格外留意。喬布斯在演講開篇說道：“i am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. truth be told, i never graduated from college. and this is the closest i’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度贊美斯坦福大學(xué)——這就是在與聽眾發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)。喬布斯就是通過這種方式讓聽眾一開始就對自己產(chǎn)生好感或?qū)ψ约旱难葜v內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生興趣。當(dāng)然，喬布斯還用了適當(dāng)?shù)挠哪�，更好地融洽了與聽眾的關(guān)系。 　　除了喬布斯的這種開篇方式外，我們還需要了解和掌握其他一些開篇方式：①

　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫龍點睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強化了聽眾的印象。這句話后來也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的精髓。

　　i’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫龍點睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫龍點睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強化了聽眾的印象。這句話后來也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對演講中的各個論點或要點進行簡單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽眾的印象。②強有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講“liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時說道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對開篇提到的主題和重點進行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對演講中的各個論點或要點進行簡單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽眾的印象。②強有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講“liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時說道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對開篇提到的主題和重點進行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性的經(jīng)典形式，值得借鑒。

　　為了更加有效地掌握文中講到的寫作演講稿的要點，筆者建議大家做到以下三點：①多看。多看一些演講素材，比如名人演講、演講比賽優(yōu)秀選手的演講等，積累大量的一手素材;也有必要閱讀一些關(guān)于英語公共演講的書籍，筆者在此推薦stephen e. lucas的《演講的藝術(shù)》(the art of public speaking)一書。②多想。學(xué)會分析這些演講之所以精彩的原因，可以從筆者上面講的幾點入手分析。③多練。在有了一定的積累之后，要大量練習(xí)寫作演講稿，話題可以從日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中選取，這樣練習(xí)起來會更有興趣和成就感。

　　i’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫龍點睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫龍點睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：“stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words ‘stay hungry. stay foolish.’ it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“stay hungry. stay foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強化了聽眾的印象。這句話后來也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對演講中的各個論點或要點進行簡單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽眾的印象。②強有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講“liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時說道：“is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對開篇提到的主題和重點進行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　喬布斯斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮英文演講稿

　　i am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. i never graduated from college. truth be told, this is the closest i've ever gotten to a college graduation. today i want to tell you three stories from my life. that's it. no big deal. just three stories.

　　我今天很榮幸能和你們一起參加畢業(yè)典禮，斯坦福大學(xué)是世界上最好的大學(xué)之一。我從來沒有從大學(xué)中畢業(yè)。說實話,今天也許是在我的生命中離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一天了。今天我想向你們講述我生活中的三個故事。不是什么大不了的事情,只是三個故事而已。

　　the first story is about connecting the dots.

　　第一個故事是關(guān)于如何把生命中的點點滴滴串連起來。

　　i dropped out of reed college after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before i really quit. so why did i drop out?

　　我在reed大學(xué)讀了六個月之后就退學(xué)了，但是在十八個月以后——我真正的作出退學(xué)決定之前，我還經(jīng)常去學(xué)校。我為什么要退學(xué)呢?

　　it started before i was born. my biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. she felt very strongly that i should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. except that when i popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. so my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "we have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" they said: "of course." my biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. she refused to sign the final adoption papers. she only relented a few months later when my parents promised that i would someday go to college.

　　故事從我出生的時候講起。我的親生母親是一個年輕的、沒有結(jié)婚的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。她決定讓別人收養(yǎng)我，她十分想讓我被大學(xué)畢業(yè)生收養(yǎng)。所以在我出生的時候，她已經(jīng)做好了一切的準備工作，能使得我被一個律師和他的妻子所收養(yǎng)。但是她沒有料到，當(dāng)我出生之后，律師夫婦突然決定他們想要一個女孩。所以我的生養(yǎng)父母(他們還在我親生父母的觀察名單上)突然在半夜接到了一個電話：“我們現(xiàn)在這兒有一個不小心生出來的男嬰,你們想要他嗎?”他們回答道：“當(dāng)然!”但是我親生母親隨后發(fā)現(xiàn)，我的養(yǎng)母從來沒有上過大學(xué)，我的父親甚至從沒有讀過高中。她拒絕簽這個收養(yǎng)合同。只是在幾個月以后，我的父母答應(yīng)她一定要讓我上大學(xué)，那個時候她才同意。

　　and 17 years later i did go to college. but i naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. after six months, i couldn't see the value in it. i had no idea what i wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. and here i was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. so i decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out ok. it was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions i ever made. the minute i dropped out i could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

　　在十七歲那年，我真的上了大學(xué)。但是我很愚蠢的選擇了一個幾乎和你們斯坦福大學(xué)一樣貴的學(xué)校，我父母還處于藍領(lǐng)階層，他們幾乎把所有積蓄都花在了我的學(xué)費上面。在六個月后, 我已經(jīng)看不到其中的價值所在。我不知道我想要在生命中做什么,我也不知道大學(xué)能幫助我找到怎樣的答案。但是在這里，我?guī)缀趸ü饬宋腋改高@一輩子的所有積蓄。所以我決定要退學(xué)，我覺得這是個正確的決定。不能否認，我當(dāng)時確實非常的害怕，但是現(xiàn)在回頭看看，那的確是我這一生中最棒的一個決定。在我做出退學(xué)決定的那一刻，我終于可以不必去讀那些令我提不起絲毫興趣的課程了。然后我還可以去修那些看起來有點意思的課程。

　　it wasn't all romantic. i didn't have a dorm room, so i slept on the floor in friends' rooms, i returned coke bottles for the 5￠ deposits to buy food with, and i would walk the 7 miles across town every sunday night to get one good meal a week at the hare krishna temple. i loved it. and much of what i stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. let me give you one example:

　　但是這并不是那么浪漫。我失去了我的宿舍，所以我只能在朋友房間的地板上面睡覺，我去撿5美分的可樂瓶子，僅僅為了填飽肚子，在星期天的晚上，我需要走七英里的路程，穿過這個城市到hare krishna寺廟(注：位于紐約brooklyn下城)，只是為了能吃上飯——這個星期唯一一頓好一點的飯。但是我喜歡這樣。我跟著我的直覺和好奇心走，遇到的很多東西，此后被證明是無價之寶。讓我給你們舉一個例子吧：

　　reed college at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. because i had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, i decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. i learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. it was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and i found it fascinating.

　　reed 大學(xué)在那時提供也許是全美最好的美術(shù)課程。在這個大學(xué)里面的每個海報，每個抽屜的標(biāo)簽上面全都是漂亮的美術(shù)。因為我退學(xué)了，沒有受到正規(guī)的訓(xùn)練，所以我決定去參加這個課程，去學(xué)學(xué)怎樣寫出漂亮的美術(shù)。我學(xué)到了san serif 和 serif 體，我學(xué)會了怎么樣在不同的母組合之中改變空格的長度，還有怎么樣才能作出最棒的印刷式樣。那是一種科學(xué)永遠不能捕捉到的、美麗的、真實的藝術(shù)精妙，我發(fā)現(xiàn)那實在是太美妙了。

　　none of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. but ten years later, when we were designing the first macintosh computer, it all came back to me. and we designed it all into the mac. it was the first computer with beautiful typography. if i had never dropped in on that single course in college, the mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. and since windows just copied the mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. if i had never dropped out, i would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when i was in college. but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

　　當(dāng)時看起來這些東西在我的生命中，好像都沒有什么實際應(yīng)用的可能。但是十年之后，當(dāng)我們在設(shè)計第一臺 macintosh 電腦的時候，就不是那樣了。我把當(dāng)時我學(xué)的那些家伙全都設(shè)計進了蘋果電腦。那是第一臺使用了漂亮的印刷體的電腦。如果我當(dāng)時沒有退學(xué), 就不會有機會去參加這個我感興趣的美術(shù)課程，蘋果電腦就不會有這么多豐富的體，以及賞心悅目的體間距。那么現(xiàn)在個人電腦就不會有現(xiàn)在這么美妙的型了。當(dāng)然我在大學(xué)的時候，還不可能把從前的點點滴滴串連起來,但是當(dāng)我十年后回顧這一切的時候，真的豁然開朗了。

　　again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. you have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. this approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

　　再次說明的是,你在向前展望的時候不可能將這些片斷串連起來;你只能在回顧的時候?qū)Ⅻc點滴滴串連起來。所以你必須相信這些片斷會在你未來的某一天串連起來。你必須要相信某些東西：你的勇氣、目的、生命、因緣。這個過程從來沒有令我失望，只是讓我的生命更加地與眾不同而已。

　　my second story is about love and loss.

　　我的第二個故事是關(guān)于愛和損失的。

　　i was lucky – i found what i loved to do early in life. woz and i started apple in my parents garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a billion company with over 4000 employees. we had just released our finest creation - the macintosh - a year earlier, and i had just turned 30. and then i got fired. how can you get fired from a company you started? well, as apple grew we hired someone who i thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. but then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. when we did, our board of directors sided with him. so at 30 i was out. and very publicly out. what had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

　　我非常幸運，因為我在很早的時候就找到了我鐘愛的東西。沃茲和我在二十歲的時候就在父母的車庫里面開創(chuàng)了蘋果公司。我們工作得很努力，十年之后，這個公司從那兩個車庫中的窮光蛋發(fā)展到了超過四千名的雇員、價值超過二十億的大公司。在公司成立的第九年，我們剛剛發(fā)布了最好的產(chǎn)品，那就是 macintosh。我也快要到三十歲了。在那一年，我被炒了魷魚。你怎么可能被你自己創(chuàng)立的公司炒了魷魚呢?嗯，在蘋果快速成長的時候，我們雇用了一個很有天分的家伙和我一起管理這個公司，在最初的幾年，公司運轉(zhuǎn)的很好。但是后來我們對未來的看法發(fā)生了分歧, 最終我們吵了起來。當(dāng)爭吵不可開交的時候，董事會站在了他的那一邊。所以在三十歲的時候，我被炒了。在這么多人的眼皮下我被炒了。在而立之年，我生命的全部支柱離自己遠去，這真是毀滅性的打擊。

　　i really didn't know what to do for a few months. i felt that i had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that i had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. i met with david packard and bob noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. i was a very public failure, and i even thought about running away from the valley. but something slowly began to dawn on me – i still loved what i did. the turn of events at apple had not changed that one bit. i had been rejected, but i was still in love. and so i decided to start over.

　　在最初的幾個月里，我真是不知道該做些什么。我把從前的創(chuàng)業(yè)激情給丟了，我覺得自己讓與我一同創(chuàng)業(yè)的人都很沮喪。我和 david pack 和 bob boyce 見面，并試圖向他們道歉。我把事情弄得糟糕透頂了。但是我漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)了曙光，我仍然喜愛我從事的這些東西。蘋果公司發(fā)生的這些事情絲毫的沒有改變這些，一點也沒有。我被驅(qū)逐了，但是我仍然鐘愛它。所以我決定從頭再來。

　　i didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. the heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. it freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

　　我當(dāng)時沒有覺察，但是事后證明，從蘋果公司被炒是我這輩子發(fā)生的最棒的事情。因為，作為一個成功者的極樂感覺被作為一個創(chuàng)業(yè)者的輕松感覺所重新代替：對任何事情都不那么特別看重。這讓我覺得如此自由，進入了我生命中最有創(chuàng)造力的一個階段。

　　during the next five years, i started a company named next, another company named pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, toy story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. in a remarkable turn of events, apple bought next, i retuned to apple, and the technology we developed at next is at the heart of apple's current renaissance. and laurene and i have a wonderful family together.

　　在接下來的五年里, 我創(chuàng)立了一個名叫 next 的公司，還有一個叫pixar的公司，然后和一個后來成為我妻子的優(yōu)雅女人相識。pixar 制作了世界上第一個用電腦制作的動畫電影——“”玩具總動員”，pixar 現(xiàn)在也是世界上最成功的電腦制作工作室。在后來的一系列運轉(zhuǎn)中，apple 收購了next，然后我又回到了蘋果公司。我們在next 發(fā)展的技術(shù)在 apple 的復(fù)興之中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵的作用。我還和 laurence 一起建立了一個幸福的家庭。

　　i'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if i hadn't been fired from apple. it was awful tasting medicine, but i guess the patient needed it. sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. don't lose faith. i'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that i loved what i did. you've got to find what you love. and that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. if you haven't found it yet, keep looking. don't settle. as with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. and, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. so keep looking until you find it. don't settle.

　　我可以非�？隙�,如果我不被蘋果公司開除的話，這其中一件事情也不會發(fā)生的。這個良藥的味道實在是太苦了，但是我想病人需要這個藥。有些時候，生活會拿起一塊磚頭向你的腦袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信心，我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我無比鐘愛。你需要去找到你所愛的東西，對于工作是如此，對于你的愛人也是如此。你的工作將會占據(jù)生活中很大的一部分。你只有相信自己所做的是偉大的工作，你才能怡然自得。如果你現(xiàn)在還沒有找到，那么繼續(xù)找、不要停下來、全心全意的去找，當(dāng)你找到的時候你就會知道的。就像任何真誠的關(guān)系，隨著歲月的流逝只會越來越緊密。所以繼續(xù)找，直到你找到它，不要停下來。

　　my third story is about death.

　　我的第三個故事是關(guān)于死亡的。

　　when i was 17, i read a quote that went something like: "if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." it made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, i have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "if today were the last day of my life, would i want to do what i am about to do today?" and whenever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row, i know i need to change something.

　　當(dāng)我十七歲的時候，我讀到了一句話：“如果你把每一天都當(dāng)作生命中最后一天去生活的話，那么有一天你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你是正確的。”這句話給我留下了深刻的印象。從那時開始，過了33年，我在每天早晨都會對著鏡子問自己：“如果今天是我生命中的最后一天，你會不會完成你今天想做的事情呢?”當(dāng)答案連續(xù)很多次被給予 “不是”的時候，我知道自己需要改變某些事情了。

　　remembering that i'll be dead soon is the most important tool i've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. remembering that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. you are already naked. there is no reason not to follow your heart.

　　“記住你即將死去”是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它幫我指明了生命中重要的選擇。因為幾乎所有的事情，包括所有的榮譽、所有的驕傲、所有對難堪和失敗的恐懼，這些在死亡面前都會消失。我看到的是留下的真正重要的東西。你有時候會思考你將會失去某些東西，“記住你即將死去”是我知道的避免這些想法的最好辦法。你已經(jīng)赤身裸體了，你沒有理由不去跟隨自己的心一起跳動。

　　about a year ago i was diagnosed with cancer. i had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. i didn't even know what a pancreas was. the doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that i should expect to live no longer than three to six months. my doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. it means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. it means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. it means to say your goodbyes.

　　大概一年以前，我被診斷出癌癥。我在早晨七點半做了一個檢查，檢查清楚的顯示在我的胰腺有一個腫瘤。我當(dāng)時都不知道胰腺是什么東西。醫(yī)生告訴我那很可能是一種無法治愈的癌癥，我還有三到六個月的時間活在這個世界上。我的醫(yī)生叫我回家，然后整理好我的一切，那就是醫(yī)生準備死亡的程序。那意味著你將要把未來十年對你小孩說的話在幾個月里面說完;那意味著把每件事情都搞定，讓你的家人會盡可能輕松的生活;那意味著你要說“再見了”。

　　i lived with that diagnosis all day. later that evening i had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. i was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. i had the surgery and i'm fine now.

　　我整天和那個診斷書一起生活。后來有一天早上我作了一個活切片檢查，醫(yī)生將一個內(nèi)窺鏡從我的喉嚨伸進去,通過我的胃，然后進入我的腸子，用一根針在我的胰腺上的腫瘤上取了幾個細胞。我當(dāng)時很鎮(zhèn)靜，因為我被注射了鎮(zhèn)定劑。但是我的妻子在那里，后來告訴我，當(dāng)醫(yī)生在顯微鏡地下觀察這些細胞的時候他們開始尖叫，因為這些細胞最后竟然是一種非常罕見的可以用手術(shù)治愈的胰腺癌癥。我做了這個手術(shù)，現(xiàn)在我痊愈了。

　　this was the closest i've been to facing death, and i hope its the closest i get for a few more decades. having lived through it, i can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

　　那是我最接近死亡的時候，我還希望這也是以后的幾十年最接近的一次。從死亡線上又活了過來，死亡對我來說，只是一個有用但是純粹是知識上的概念的時候，我可以更肯定一點地對你們說：

　　no one wants to die. even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. and yet death is the destination we all share. no one has ever escaped it. and that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. it is life's change agent. it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

　　沒有人愿意死，即使人們想上天堂，人們也不會為了去那里而死。但是死亡是我們每個人共同的終點。從來沒有人能夠逃脫它。也應(yīng)該如此。因為死亡就是生命中最好的一個發(fā)明。它將舊的清除以便給新的讓路。你們現(xiàn)在是新的，但是從現(xiàn)在開始不久以后，你們將會逐漸的變成舊的然后被清除。我很抱歉這很戲劇性，但是這十分的真實。

　　your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. and most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. they somehow already know what you truly want to become. everything else is secondary.

　　你們的時間很有限，所以不要將他們浪費在重復(fù)其他人的生活上。不要被教條束縛，那意味著你和其他人思考的結(jié)果一起生活。不要被其他人喧囂的觀點掩蓋你真正的內(nèi)心的聲音。還有最重要的是，你要有勇氣去聽從你直覺和心靈的指示——它們在某種程度上知道你想要成為什么樣子，所有其他的事情都是次要的。

　　when i was young, there was an amazing publication called the whole earth catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. it was created by a fellow named stewart brand not far from here in menlo park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. this was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. it was sort of like google in paperback form, 35 years before google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

　　當(dāng)我年輕的時候，有一本叫做“整個地球的目錄”振聾發(fā)聵的雜志，它是我們那一代人的圣經(jīng)之一。它是一個叫 stewart brand 的家伙在離這里不遠的 menlo park 書寫的，他象詩一般神奇地將這本書帶到了這個世界。那是六十年代后期，在個人電腦出現(xiàn)之前，所以這本書全部是用打機、剪刀還有偏光鏡制造的。有點像用軟皮包裝的 google ，在 google 出現(xiàn)三十五年之前：這是理想主義的， 其中有許多靈巧的工具和偉大的想法。

　　stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid-1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words: "stay hungry. stay foolish." it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you.

　　stewart和他的伙伴出版了幾期的“整個地球的目錄”，當(dāng)它完成了自己使命的時候，他們做出了最后一期的目錄。那是在七十年代的中期，你們的時代。在最后一期的封底上是清晨鄉(xiāng)村公路的照片(如果你有冒險精神的話，你可以自己找到這條路的)，在照片之下有這樣一段話：“求知若饑，虛心若愚。”這是他們停止了發(fā)刊的告別語。“求知若饑，虛心若愚。”我總是希望自己能夠那樣，現(xiàn)在，在你們即將畢業(yè)，開始新的旅程的時候，我也希望你們能這樣：

　　stay hungry. stay foolish.

　　求知若饑，虛心若愚。

　　thank you all very much.

　　非常感謝你們。