英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)所用設(shè)喻形象對(duì)比趣談_英語(yǔ)教學(xué)論文,英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)所用設(shè)喻形
英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)所用設(shè)喻形象對(duì)比趣談
漢語(yǔ)中習(xí)語(yǔ)大致指人們習(xí)慣使用的成語(yǔ)典故,引語(yǔ),俗語(yǔ),歇后語(yǔ)和諺語(yǔ)等的集合體; 英語(yǔ)中的習(xí)語(yǔ)大 致可以包括一些 proverbs,sayings, colloquial phrases, allusions,一些idioms和slangs。
通過(guò)對(duì)英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí),我們不僅能了解不同文化中語(yǔ)言的民族性特色,而且能從不同的設(shè)喻形象中獲 得樂(lè)趣,覺得這樣的學(xué)習(xí)不是苦差事,并且還能使記憶深刻,理解到位,使用地道,甚至對(duì)英漢互譯也有幫助 。
筆者本著趣味性和使用性的原則,試著從一個(gè)hay stack 中找出幾根 needle來(lái),算管中窺豹吧,以下從四 個(gè)方面舉例說(shuō)明。
一.英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)所用設(shè)喻相似而意義相近的
Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同;
Courtesy costs nothing.禮多人不怪;
Lovers' quarrels are soon mended.夫妻無(wú)隔夜仇;
The higher up, the greater the fall. 攀高跌重:
know something like the palm or back of one's hand 了如指掌;
constant dropping wears the stone 滴水穿石;
fish in troubled water 混水摸魚;
Great oaks from little acorns grow. 合抱之木,生于毫末;
pour oil on the flame 火上加油;
Give somebody an inch and he'll take an mile. 得寸進(jìn)尺;
lie down on the job. 磨洋工;
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵;
Walls have ears. 隔墻有耳;
The tailor makes the man. 人靠衣服馬靠鞍;
a yes man 應(yīng)聲蟲(跟屁蟲);
at one's wit's end 才窮智盡;
hang by a thread 千鈞一發(fā);
plain sailing 一帆風(fēng)順;
follow in sb's footsteps 步人后塵;
bite off more than one can chew 貪多嚼不爛;
The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足;
wash one's hands of 洗手不干;
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施;
run sb. to earth 鉆入地縫也要抓到某人;
skin deep 膚淺。
以上此類由于設(shè)喻形象相似,因而最容易掌握,我們平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要注意積累。
二.英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)所用設(shè)喻形象各異,意義卻相近的
When a man is going downhill, everyone will give him apush. 墻倒眾人推;
silken tongue 巧舌如簧;
a flash in the pan 曇花一現(xiàn);
don't cry over spilt milk 生米已成熟飯;
put all one's eggs in one basket. 孤注一擲;
hold a wolf by the ears 騎虎難下;
between the devil and the deep sea 進(jìn)退維谷;
kick the bucket 翹辮子,蹬腿兒(死了);
The longest day must have an end. 世上沒(méi)有不散的宴席;
like a rat in the hole 甕中捉鱉;
A good conscience is a soft pillow. 白天不做虧心事;半夜不怕鬼敲門;
birds of a feather 物以類聚,人以群分(一丘之貉);
You can't judge a tree by its bark.人不可貌相,海水不可斗量;
All is fish that comes to one's net. 抓到籃里便是菜;
cherish a snake in one's bosom 養(yǎng)虎為患;
diamond cut diamond 棋逢對(duì)手,將遇良才,(或針尖對(duì)麥芒);
New brooms sweep clean.新官上任三把火;
It never rains but it pours. 禍不單行;
hit the nail on the head 一針見血;
apple of one's eye 掌上明珠;
a lion in the way 攔路虎;
The pot calls the kettle black. 烏鴉笑豬黑(五十步笑一百步);
bury one's head in the sand 掩耳盜鈴;
out of the frying pan into the fire 剛出虎穴,又入狼窩;
eat one's cake and have it 又要馬兒跑,又要馬兒不吃草;
cast pearls before a swine 對(duì)牛彈琴;
put the cart before the horse 本末倒置;
a black sheep 害群之馬;
wet behind the ears 乳臭未干;
rob Peter to pay Paul 挖肉補(bǔ)瘡;
penny wise and pound foolish 撿了芝麻,丟了西瓜;
have a card up one's sleeve 胸有成竹;
sit on the fence 腳踩兩只船(隨風(fēng)倒);
cry wolf 烽火戲諸侯;
entertain an angel unawares 有眼不識(shí)泰山;
teach one's grandmother how to suck eggs 班門弄斧(關(guān)公門前耍大刀);
You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs. 巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊;
as bold as brass 臉如城墻厚;
use a sledge hammer to crack a nut 殺雞用牛刀(高射炮打蚊子);
throw in the towel 拱手認(rèn)負(fù);
bury the hatchet 握手言和;
Don't cross the bridge till you come to it. 車到山前必有路,船到橋頭自然直;
live in a fool's paradise 做黃梁美夢(mèng);
place all one's cards on the table 打開天窗說(shuō)亮話;
play second fiddle 唱配角;
stab sb in the back 放冷箭;
a blessing in disguise 塞翁失馬,安知非福;
Don't count the chicken before they're hatched. 不要揭鍋太早。
以上此類收集較多是因?yàn)槿の缎詮?qiáng)。在對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí),我們不禁為不同文化中語(yǔ)言的民族特色而深深打 動(dòng)。
三.英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)所用設(shè)喻形象相似而不可望文生義的
pull one's leg,指開玩笑而不是拉后腿的意思;
child's play,指簡(jiǎn)單容易而不是視同兒戲的意思;
strange bedfellows,指萍水相逢而不是同床異夢(mèng)的意思;
in the same boat,指處于困境而不是同舟共濟(jì)的意思;
to be 'touch and go'指危險(xiǎn)處境而不是一觸即發(fā)的意思;
Once bitten, twice shy, 指一回上當(dāng)兩回乖(有積極含義)而不是一朝被蛇咬十年怕井繩(有消極的 含義)的意思;
throw a sprat to catch a whale, 指舍小利而求大利而不是拋磚引玉的意思;
one's hair stands on end,指恐懼而不是怒發(fā)沖冠的意思。
此類屬于不可望文生義者,我們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要倍加注意。
四.英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)所用設(shè)喻形象相似而意義卻恰恰相反的
like a fish out of water,與如魚得水意義相反;
Many a good cow hath a bad calf,與虎父無(wú)犬子意義相反;
cry stinking fish,與王婆賣瓜意義相反; Hard words breakno bones,與惡語(yǔ)傷人六月寒意義相反 。
此類情形不多,不過(guò)在使用時(shí)我們可以“反其道而行之。”
結(jié)尾我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn)。 一是上文列舉的英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)的對(duì)應(yīng)并非“exactly the equivalent of each oth er”,所以我們需要根據(jù)上下文仔細(xì)揣摩,找出其細(xì)微差別,方能理解到位,使用起來(lái)才能避免詞不達(dá)意。二 是本文強(qiáng)調(diào)了英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)設(shè)喻形象對(duì)照,目的是讓學(xué)習(xí)者感興趣和易于記憶,閱讀英文原著時(shí),也許我們更經(jīng)常 見到的是這些英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的變體;翻譯時(shí)我們大都使用它們的比喻義,而不是一見面就直譯過(guò)來(lái)。
英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)所用設(shè)喻形象對(duì)比趣談