英語寫作中的成分殘缺錯誤
1.他的英語寫得不錯,,但不擅長英語口語。
誤：His written English is good, but not good at spoken English.
正：His written English is good, but his spoken English is not good.
正：He is good at written English, but not good at spoken English.
析：誤句中 but 后的句子缺適當?shù)闹髡Z，因為 good at spoken English 的主語應(yīng)是“他”，而不是 his written English。
2.英語很有趣，我的確很喜歡。
誤：English is very interesting, and I really like very much.
正：English is very interesting, and I really like it very much.
析：like 是及物動詞，其后通常應(yīng)有賓語。
3.別怕，我們會幫你的。
誤：Don’t afraid; we’ll help you.
正：Don’t be afraid; we’ll help you.
析：誤句謂語不完整，因為 afraid 是形容詞，不是動詞，不能單獨作謂語，必須和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。當然，若說成 Don’t fear，則完全可以。
4.住在我隔壁的李明是個醫(yī)生。
誤：Li Ming, lives next to me, is a doctor.
正：Li Ming, who lives next to me, is a doctor.
正：Li Ming, living next to me, is a doctor.
析：誤句中定語成分不完整。定語從句是一個完整的句子，當先行詞指人且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時要用that或who。也可用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。
5.你介意我問你一個問題嗎?
誤：Do you mind I ask you a question?
正：Do you mind if I ask you a question?
正：Do you mind my asking you a question?
析：誤句中的主句和從句之間缺少連接詞。也可以用動名詞短語作mind的賓語。
6.他考試及格了使他媽媽很高興。
誤：He passed the exam made his mother very happy.
正：That he passed the exam made his mother very happy.
正：He passed the exam, which made his mother very happy.
析：誤句中的主語應(yīng)該是由主語從句來承擔的。that引導(dǎo)主語從句，不做成分，無實際意義，但不能省略。也可以用非限定性定語從句。