（精品推薦）2017屆高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題書(shū)面表達(dá)
�。ň吠扑]）XX屆高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案--專(zhuān)題二十一 書(shū)面表達(dá)
【典例精析】 一、（全國(guó)卷i、海南、寧夏卷）
假定你是李華，正在英國(guó)接受英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)，住在一戶(hù)英國(guó)人家里。今天你的房東mrs. wilson 不在家，你準(zhǔn)備外出，請(qǐng)給mrs. wilson 寫(xiě)一留言條，內(nèi)容包括：
1.外出購(gòu)物
2.替房東還書(shū)
3.tracy 來(lái)電話(huà)留言：1）咖啡屋（bolton coffee）見(jiàn)面取消
2）此事已告知susan
3) 盡快回電
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
mrs. wilson,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
li hua
one possible version:
mrs. wilson,
i’m going out shopping, and won’t be back until about 5:00 pm. i have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the city library. at about 1 o’clock this afternoon, tracy called, saying that she couldn’t meet you at bolton coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to. she felt very sorry about that, but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. she wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home. she has already told susan about this change.
li hua
【解析】 作文題仍然同去年一樣，屬于提綱式要點(diǎn)作文，要求學(xué)生就所給內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一張留言條，是學(xué)生比較熟悉的題材，體現(xiàn)了英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該注意實(shí)用性，生活型的原則。應(yīng)注意下面幾點(diǎn)：1）注意人稱(chēng)，應(yīng)該用第一人稱(chēng)的形式給房東（第二人稱(chēng)）寫(xiě)便條；2）注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用：從試題的內(nèi)容上可以看出在表達(dá)要點(diǎn)1和2時(shí)應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)；而要點(diǎn)3中的幾個(gè)方面則需要注意時(shí)態(tài)的替換，會(huì)用到一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。3）注意恰當(dāng)使用邏輯詞語(yǔ)，是各個(gè)要點(diǎn)間邏輯連貫，行文通順。提綱類(lèi)書(shū)面表達(dá)不是簡(jiǎn)單的逐條翻譯，而是將所給的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)合理的組成比較通順的語(yǔ)句，因此要仔細(xì)組織語(yǔ)言，合理安排結(jié)構(gòu)。在語(yǔ)言方面，要特別注意簡(jiǎn)潔明了，開(kāi)頭要開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山。
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
依然保持全國(guó)卷i短文寫(xiě)作的老套路：人物李華（自1999年以來(lái)，中間除了XX年，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是李華同學(xué)在寫(xiě)信，歷時(shí)十年，眾多效尤者），話(huà)題為簡(jiǎn)單的外語(yǔ)外事活動(dòng)，形式為寫(xiě)信（郵件或留言），實(shí)則依然是短文寫(xiě)作，控制程度較高，體裁以陳述說(shuō)明為主。
二、（.全國(guó)卷ii）
假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友sarah 打算暑期來(lái)北京旅游，來(lái)信詢(xún)問(wèn)改建后前門(mén)大街的情況。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)封回信，簡(jiǎn)單介紹以下內(nèi)容：
簡(jiǎn)況：長(zhǎng)800余米、600多年歷史、300余家商鋪；
位置：天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)南面；
交通：公共汽車(chē)17、69、59等路，地鐵2號(hào)線(xiàn)；
特色：步行街、當(dāng)當(dāng)車(chē)、茶館、劇院等。
參考詞匯：步行街 pedestrian street
當(dāng)當(dāng)車(chē) trolley car
地鐵 subway
注意：
詞數(shù)100左右；
可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好，請(qǐng)將完整的回信書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡上。
dear sarah.
thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt qianmen street. here is something about it.
____________________________________________________________________________
one possible version:
dear sarah,
thank you for your letter for asking about the rebuilt qianmen street. here is something about it.
qianmen street is a famous street of over 600 years old. along this 800-meter street, there are more than 300 shops. as the street is in the center of beijing, just to the south of tian’anmen square, it’s very convenient to get there by bus. you may take buses no. 17, 69 or 59. subway line 2 has a stop there too. qianmen street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to chatters and teahouses where you can experience a truly chinese way of life. i’m sure you‘ll like it.
【解析】
本文是書(shū)信格式，給出四個(gè)要點(diǎn)，屬于常規(guī)文體，學(xué)生只要把四個(gè)要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)全，注意上下文，句與句之間的合理過(guò)渡即可。
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
人物李華，簡(jiǎn)單的外事活動(dòng)。體裁屬于陳述說(shuō)明性質(zhì)。話(huà)題是介紹前門(mén)大街改建情況。但這個(gè)話(huà)題對(duì)全國(guó)卷ii考區(qū)的考生多少有些歧視。這種歧視可以理解為城鄉(xiāng)歧視和信息歧視。因?yàn)樵摽紖^(qū)學(xué)生對(duì)前門(mén)并不熟悉，所幸試題控制很?chē)?yán)，只當(dāng)是翻譯了。另外，試題所提供的名詞類(lèi)詞匯缺乏考試的實(shí)際意義，只是照抄而已，對(duì)考生并無(wú)挑戰(zhàn)。
三、（.北京卷）
情景作文（20分）
假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華，為響應(yīng)綠化祖國(guó)的號(hào)召，你班四月十二日去郊區(qū)植樹(shù)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，介紹植樹(shù)活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程，給某英文雜志的“綠色行動(dòng)”專(zhuān)欄寫(xiě)一篇以“green action in our class”為題的英文稿件。
注意：詞數(shù)不少于60
提示詞：郊區(qū) suburbs
第二節(jié) 開(kāi)放作文（15分）
請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫(xiě)一篇短文，詞數(shù)不少于50。
in your spoken english class, your teacher shows you the following picture. you are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.
第一節(jié) 情景作文（20分）
內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：1.騎車(chē)去植樹(shù);2.植樹(shù);3.安插提示牌;4.照相。
二、說(shuō)明：
內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá)。
one possible version:
green action in our class
april 12 is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day. in the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way. upon arrival, we began to work immediately. some were digging holes. some were carrying and planting young trees. others were watering them. after getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees. before leaving we took some photos to record our green action. seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. we feel it’s our duty to protect and beautify our environment.
【解析】
本文是設(shè)計(jì)巧妙的提綱要點(diǎn)式作文，與環(huán)保結(jié)合，立意較好。題材貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際，學(xué)生只要注意理清思路按照活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容和時(shí)間來(lái)寫(xiě)即可。
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
在全國(guó)卷和地方卷中，XX年只有北京卷是記敘文，XX年又是記敘文。有趣的是，都是“紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華”。場(chǎng)景設(shè)置幾無(wú)二致，形式更是何其相似乃爾。如果追索源頭的話(huà)，全國(guó)卷nmet時(shí)代的連環(huán)畫(huà)看圖說(shuō)故事便是始作俑者了。nmet1998年書(shū)面表達(dá)題跟北京卷有得一比。四格或六格連環(huán)畫(huà)的形式，多少讓人回到了九十年代。一個(gè)是紅星農(nóng)場(chǎng)，一個(gè)卻是紅星中學(xué)。就話(huà)題而言，08北京是春游活動(dòng)，09北京是植樹(shù)主題，而nmet1998則是參觀活動(dòng)主題，話(huà)題顯然高度相關(guān)。
第二節(jié) 開(kāi)放作文（15分）
one possible version:
what an interesting picture! a western young man, sitting at a table, is ready to eat a bowl of noodles. he is holding two forks the same way as we chinese hold chopsticks. he is trying so hard to pick up the noodles that he is sweating a lot. at first glance, i think it’s a bit funny, for we chinese take for granted that chopsticks are the tools for eating noodles. the man in the picture is trying to copy us. obviously he is doing it the hard way. maybe using one fork will do a better job, in my opinion, we don’t need to copy others’ ways of thinking. sometimes a simpler way of doing things may be a better way.
【解析】
本文是開(kāi)放性作文，要求考生把握好圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，發(fā)散表達(dá)�？忌攸c(diǎn)要看出這個(gè)人是卷發(fā)高鼻的外國(guó)人，要體會(huì)到西式刀叉對(duì)中式食物的矛盾性。
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
北京卷每年的第二篇作文（開(kāi)放作文）一直都比較新穎，也能引人思考，問(wèn)題是往往那個(gè)思考的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)（文眼），學(xué)生未必能抓住或說(shuō)未必能清楚地表達(dá)出來(lái)，尤其是要達(dá)到一語(yǔ)破的之妙，在高考那種氛圍中，似乎不易。in my opinion, we don’t need to copy others’ ways of thinking. sometimes a simpler way of doing things may be a better way. 這樣的靈智多么需要現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的急智啊！如何讓自己的思想收縮在幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)里面，這本身就是智慧。
北京卷的短文寫(xiě)作基本形成了自己的風(fēng)格。近幾年一直比較穩(wěn)定。而XX年的北京隨著課改的深入，高考應(yīng)該會(huì)發(fā)生一些變化。
四、（.天津卷）
61.假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)的學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。學(xué)生會(huì)將舉辦每年一度的英語(yǔ)演講比賽，本年度的主題為“the english novel i like best”。作為組織者，你將在演講比賽開(kāi)幕時(shí)發(fā)言，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿。
1. 說(shuō)明比賽的意義，如提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力，養(yǎng)成讀書(shū)的習(xí)慣等；
2. 說(shuō)明比賽的注意事項(xiàng)，如每人演講不超過(guò)5分鐘，語(yǔ)言流利，發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確等；
3. 預(yù)祝比賽圓滿(mǎn)成功。
注意：
詞數(shù)：不少于100詞；
可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
發(fā)言稿的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入詞數(shù)。
good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen,
welcome to this year’s english speech competition.
此處不能答題
thank you!
one possible version:
good afternoon. ladies and gentlemen.
welcome to this year’s english speech competition. taking part in english speech competition is a helpful way to learn english. while we fully prepare for the competition, we can improve our abilities of listening and speaking and develop a good habit of reading english. in the process of the competition, you should pay special attention to the following rules. first, you should finish your speech in five minutes. second, you try your best to express yourself in english fluently. finally, you should have a good english pronunciation.
i hope that the english speech competition will be a great success!
thank you!
【解析】
本題屬于提綱式作文，體裁為應(yīng)用文中的演講稿，題材內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生生活，給出要點(diǎn)表述較全，題的難度較小，考生注意一下幾點(diǎn)即可：
1、學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)對(duì)所給要點(diǎn)逐一陳述，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要逐條翻譯，語(yǔ)言不要太書(shū)面化。
2、正確運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，使上下文聯(lián)系更加密切，邏輯性強(qiáng)。
3、注意要使所寫(xiě)內(nèi)容和原文所給出的開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾處銜接自然，渾然一體。
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
天津卷的一貫風(fēng)格接近全國(guó)卷i。前五年主要涉及與中學(xué)生生活學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)（04，07，08）話(huà)題和與外事活動(dòng)相關(guān)話(huà)題（05，06）。XX年則是與外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的話(huà)題。本題屬于標(biāo)題作文，天津共出現(xiàn)三次標(biāo)題作文（04：中學(xué)生應(yīng)該如何使用家長(zhǎng)給的零花錢(qián)。07：how to protect our eyesight）。體裁屬于陳說(shuō)性質(zhì)，連續(xù)多年都使用陳說(shuō)性質(zhì)或陳說(shuō)+議論性質(zhì)，XX年則是敘事+議論，這說(shuō)明天津比較偏好陳說(shuō)性質(zhì)和議論性質(zhì)這兩類(lèi)寫(xiě)作文體。
【專(zhuān)題突破】高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的命題目的是要考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力,要求考生在20分鐘左右的時(shí)間里,用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)寫(xiě)出100字左右的正確表達(dá)段落.考生在做題時(shí)可以按照如下做法即可：
1.審試題
通讀試題的每一個(gè)字,觀察所給的每一幅圖,從而明確作文的中心思想,判斷作文的類(lèi)型,特點(diǎn),了解作文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,力求寫(xiě)作切中題意。
2.劃要點(diǎn)
重讀試題,在原題的漢語(yǔ)提綱或圖表上圈劃要點(diǎn),(即給分點(diǎn)或稱(chēng)扣分點(diǎn))，若提供的是圖畫(huà)，也可在每幅圖旁邊用簡(jiǎn)單的詞語(yǔ)標(biāo)示出它所表達(dá)的要點(diǎn)。這樣做，既可提醒自己不要漏寫(xiě)了要點(diǎn)，又能防止過(guò)分充分發(fā)揮（尤其是看圖作文），以致犯本末倒置的錯(cuò)誤。
3.找句型
在圈劃出的要點(diǎn)旁邊批注相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法，為全文的一氣呵成先掃清障礙。
4.定基調(diào)
通過(guò)分析思考，為文意的四個(gè)基本特點(diǎn)定調(diào)：
1）時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)。確定全文主要時(shí)態(tài)以及與其他時(shí)態(tài)交替使用的接,還要注意是否須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
2）人稱(chēng)，口吻。確定改用第一人稱(chēng)還是第三人稱(chēng)，口吻應(yīng)該是口語(yǔ)些還是正式些。
3）順序，段落。題目中所提供的情景素材應(yīng)該以怎樣的順序來(lái)組織，是按時(shí)間順序還是空間順序，是否用倒敘，是否需分段。
4）開(kāi)頭，結(jié)尾。先試想一下有無(wú)較吸引人的開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾方式。開(kāi)頭是應(yīng)開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，是解釋?zhuān)�是提供背景知識(shí)。結(jié)尾是要重申要點(diǎn)，還是要用抒情感嘆來(lái)把全文推向高潮。
5）劃分層次要點(diǎn)，分清表達(dá)的先后次序，讓文章層次分明，思路清晰。
把四大基本特點(diǎn)定調(diào)后，你對(duì)該文已經(jīng)是胸有成竹了，就可以下筆了。前邊這四步工作看似費(fèi)了點(diǎn)時(shí)間，實(shí)際卻是省了許多麻煩，如果不先認(rèn)真通盤(pán)考慮一下，就很有可能開(kāi)了無(wú)軌電車(chē)，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤后在糾正已為時(shí)晚矣……交卷時(shí)間到了。
6.寫(xiě)全文
一鼓作氣，一氣呵成。若遇個(gè)別詞語(yǔ)想不出來(lái)，干脆跳過(guò)去，空下些地方，然后接著寫(xiě)，千萬(wàn)別因?yàn)閭�(gè)別字句的斟酌而打斷了全文的思路。等全文寫(xiě)完后再返回來(lái)填空白，還是想不出來(lái)就繞過(guò)去-----換另一種說(shuō)法或變成兩三句話(huà)去表達(dá)清楚。
套用句型，多用短句。盡量套用以學(xué)句型可避免漢式英語(yǔ)，而多用短句有利于避免語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤（雖然平時(shí)訓(xùn)練必須練習(xí)把長(zhǎng)句寫(xiě)好）。要揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短，避難就易。一招不行，另尋他法。
直接寫(xiě)卷,清楚工整，不要打草稿,因高考沒(méi)有那么多時(shí)間,寫(xiě)時(shí)行距恰當(dāng)放寬(以能有余地增刪修改為原則)。字跡要清楚,工整,易于辨認(rèn),卷面清潔,使閱卷老師第一眼就有個(gè)好印象。
7. 找毛病
要用做改錯(cuò)題的眼光去挑自己文章中的毛病，尤其是時(shí)態(tài)，人稱(chēng)，數(shù)，主謂一致，習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，單詞拼寫(xiě)等中國(guó)學(xué)生易錯(cuò)之處（因這些都與漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣不太一樣）。要核實(shí)圈注的要點(diǎn)有否遺漏，字?jǐn)?shù)是否在規(guī)定范圍之內(nèi)。若字?jǐn)?shù)不符，可通過(guò)增刪必要描述部分，或通過(guò)從句與分詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等的互相替換來(lái)調(diào)整。
一、（XX年北京市西城區(qū)高三二模）
寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分）
第一節(jié) 情景作文（滿(mǎn)分20分）
假如你校最近就家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該如何對(duì)待孩子的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果如下。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖表1中提供的信息描述調(diào)查結(jié)果，并針對(duì)圖表2的其中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況寫(xiě)出你的看法。
注意：1.文章的開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)給出。
2.詞數(shù)不少于60。
生詞：圖表 chart
recently our school has conducted a survey among the students about how parents treat their children.
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第二節(jié)：開(kāi)放作文（滿(mǎn)分15分）
請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，寫(xiě)一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。
in your english class, the teacher shows the picture below and asks the class to discuss it. your classmates may have different understandings.
look at the picture carefully and tell the class how you understand it.
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二、（.四川卷）
假設(shè)你是李華。你的外國(guó)筆友jane打算于七月來(lái)中國(guó)，特來(lái)信了解中國(guó)人的社交習(xí)俗。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)回一封信，從以下幾個(gè)方面作具體介紹。
見(jiàn)面時(shí)的問(wèn)候方式；
對(duì)毛病的回答方式；
接收禮物時(shí)的回應(yīng)方式；
餐宴禮節(jié)。
注意：
詞數(shù)100左右，信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好（不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）。
可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫。
dear jane,
glad to hear from you and you’re welcome to china in july.
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i hope what’s mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.
三、（.安徽卷）
假設(shè)你正在參加全省中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)演講比賽，請(qǐng)你針對(duì)有些父母經(jīng)常翻看孩子日記或書(shū)包這一現(xiàn)象，寫(xiě)一篇演講稿，陳述你的觀點(diǎn)。
演講稿的主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：
認(rèn)為同學(xué)們不必為此苦惱；
希望能夠體諒父母的苦衷；
建議與父母進(jìn)行交流和溝通。注意：
1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
3. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
good morning, ladies and gentleman.
some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries.
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thank you!
參考答案：
一、one possible version
第一節(jié)：
recently our school has conducted a survey among the students about how parents treat their children.
according to chart 1, three behaviors from parents are considered most welcome among the students 33.5% of the students feel happy that their parents trust them, laying a basic foundation for family communication. 31.7% are content to be in the equal position with their parents when they are talking with each other. wheat’s more, 22.7% feel happy to receive constant praise or encouragement from their parents.
as is shown in chart 2.32% of the students think their parents expect too much of them, especially in their studies, putting great pressure on them. while all parents love their children and want the best for them, with too much pressure, however, some children will feel they have failed if they are not accepted at a top school or university.
i think parents should have practical expectations for their children. this way, the children will feel more confident about themselves and really make a difference in the future.
第二節(jié)：
in the picture, two goats are tied to each other with a rope. they both see some grass in opposite directions, and try to pull to get their own food. they are unsuccessful, because the rope is too short to allow them to eat the food at the same time.
the picture is trying to tell us that cooperation is better than conflict. both of the goats want their food at the same time, which has formed a conflict between them. however, if they decide to cooperate and eat the grass on the left first, and then the grass on the right, they will both be able to get their food. thus things will turn into a “win – win” situation.
therefore, remember that sometimes our goal is not that we get something and the other gets nothing, but that all people get what they want. cooperation will benefit everyone.
二、one possible version:
dear jane,
glad to hear from you and you’re welcome to china in july. the following are some chinese customs.
firstly, we greet each other by saying “hello” or asking such questions as “where are you going?” or “are you busy?” to express our care. secondly, when praised, we reply with “oh, no!” or “i’m over-praised” to show good manners. next, when receiving a gift, we usually say “it’s unnecessary” besides “thanks” to show politeness and then put it away. finally, at dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses when drinking to someone’s health or success to show that we’re warm.
anyhow, different cultures, different customs. if you “do as the romans do when in rome”, you’ll enjoy more of your staying here.
i hope what’s mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.
yours sincerely,
li hua
【解析】
本文是一種常規(guī)的書(shū)信體提綱式作文，要點(diǎn)有四，學(xué)生只要把四個(gè)要點(diǎn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言，條理的句子，合適的句式，表達(dá)完整，注意過(guò)渡和復(fù)雜句使用即可。
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
我一直認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該雙向度滲透文化，而不是單純地從目的語(yǔ)國(guó)舶來(lái)文化，而且，更應(yīng)該在學(xué)習(xí)目的語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中就開(kāi)始將母語(yǔ)文化做對(duì)等的交流。惟其如此，才能充分使學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中體會(huì)文化比較的快感，這個(gè)快感也是雙向的：一方面來(lái)自對(duì)異族語(yǔ)言文化的吸納與接受，一方面來(lái)自對(duì)母語(yǔ)文化的更深層次的認(rèn)同感和自豪感。如果僅僅是單向度的獲取甚至是“掠取”異族文化或母語(yǔ)文化，而對(duì)其中之一進(jìn)行貶損、排斥，這必然將語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)引向反面，也必然會(huì)使生動(dòng)有趣的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)變得枯燥乏味，同時(shí)也必然會(huì)使兩種語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)都產(chǎn)生障礙，由學(xué)習(xí)觀念的障礙演變成為學(xué)習(xí)行為的障礙。可喜的是，目前國(guó)人已有一種共識(shí)：要想學(xué)好外語(yǔ)，母語(yǔ)必須學(xué)好。雙語(yǔ)相長(zhǎng)，漢英互補(bǔ)，這樣就可以大大的提高中國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的效率。
三、one possible version
good morning, ladies and gentlemen,
some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. i fully understand why we are not comfortable about it, but there’s no need to feel too sad. our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into any trouble. they have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we might do the same. or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are doing it all wrong. my suggestion is: tell them we want them to trust us as much as we’d like to trust them. if you don’t think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lying around—thy are bound to read it.
thank you!
【解析】
本文屬于提綱類(lèi)作文，體裁為應(yīng)用文中的演講稿，題材的現(xiàn)實(shí)性強(qiáng)，考生的話(huà)語(yǔ)較多，顯見(jiàn)這種作文，難度不大，考生應(yīng)注意基本語(yǔ)言和句式的運(yùn)用，以及上下文的過(guò)渡。
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
五年來(lái)，安徽基本上都是走的陳說(shuō)（05）和陳說(shuō)+議論（06，07，08）的文體路線(xiàn)。XX年則來(lái)了一個(gè)典型的議論性質(zhì)文體，這是一個(gè)很了不起的進(jìn)步。和天津卷一樣，話(huà)題場(chǎng)景設(shè)置為英語(yǔ)演講比賽一類(lèi)的活動(dòng)。話(huà)題非常好，貼近中學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活。也是中學(xué)生十分困惑又十分敏感的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。對(duì)于這樣的問(wèn)題，中學(xué)生一般都有話(huà)可說(shuō)，也有話(huà)能說(shuō)。往往有這樣的情況，有話(huà)可說(shuō)是滿(mǎn)肚子的漢語(yǔ)在心中翻滾，可是無(wú)法轉(zhuǎn)成英語(yǔ)。而這個(gè)話(huà)題的最大好處就在于有話(huà)能說(shuō)。不過(guò)，本題的控制程度較高，三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)用漢語(yǔ)給出，考生只需將其翻譯或形成比較好的適合書(shū)面形態(tài)的英語(yǔ)即可。有幾個(gè)問(wèn)題值得師生們探討。在這樣的控制下，如何使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更加貼切？如何用較高級(jí)語(yǔ)匯來(lái)表達(dá)？如何過(guò)渡？如何畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛？如何使文氣貫通等等？
【學(xué)法導(dǎo)航】高考英語(yǔ)的“書(shū)面表達(dá)”題旨在考查考生寫(xiě)的能力。近幾年的“書(shū)面表達(dá)”多為看圖或根據(jù)中文提示，寫(xiě)出約100字的小短文。在閱卷過(guò)程中，我們也看到不少好文章。語(yǔ)言流暢，用詞恰當(dāng)。相當(dāng)多的考生雖能基本上表達(dá)出所要求的內(nèi)容，但文章給人感覺(jué)生澀。也有部分考生的文章或漏掉部分要點(diǎn)，或句子不完整，讓人不知所云。因此“書(shū)面表達(dá)”要重在表達(dá)。它不是真正意義上的寫(xiě)作，只是用文字基本表達(dá)出要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。
考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中對(duì)書(shū)面表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)備可以從兩方面著手：1.多背一些經(jīng)典范文；2.多記一些常用句式、句型、短語(yǔ)和連接詞；3.注意做題技巧；
那么如何表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確呢？
1）在看懂圖、文等提法的意思并找出要點(diǎn)后，要用所學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)來(lái)構(gòu)思。要避免使用沒(méi)有把握的詞，更不要部總想用許多美麗的詞藻來(lái)修飾，以為這樣方能顯出水平。要避免用中文去思考，這樣寫(xiě)成的文章會(huì)是中文式的。要盡量用所學(xué)過(guò)的句型來(lái)表達(dá)。我們所學(xué)過(guò)的句型足以表達(dá)這些內(nèi)容。
2）在很有把握的情況下，用一兩句復(fù)合句(如使用狀語(yǔ)從句或定語(yǔ)從句。)如做不到這一點(diǎn)，還不如簡(jiǎn)單句。
3）要注意時(shí)態(tài)的用法。如故事性的文章，一般應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，且前后一致。說(shuō)明性的文章，大體應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，等等。
4）完稿后要通讀一兩遍。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題。如先后順序是否對(duì)路；表達(dá)是否全面；前后時(shí)態(tài)是否呼應(yīng)，等等。
總之，“書(shū)面表達(dá)”首先要求表達(dá)清楚，讓人看懂；其次是語(yǔ)言用得恰當(dāng)，避免詞不達(dá)意的現(xiàn)象和大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。
【專(zhuān)題綜合】一、（.山東卷）
寫(xiě)作（滿(mǎn)分30分）
假設(shè)你是李華，曾在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)半年，現(xiàn)已回國(guó)。你想聯(lián)系你的美國(guó)老師mr. smith,但沒(méi)有其聯(lián)系方式。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給你的美國(guó)同學(xué)tom 寫(xiě)一封信：
感謝tom對(duì)你英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的幫助；
詢(xún)問(wèn)mr, smith 的近況并索要其聯(lián)系方式；
邀請(qǐng)tom在春節(jié)期間來(lái)中國(guó)感受中國(guó)文化。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)120-150；
2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。
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二、（.陜西卷）
假定你是李華。在一個(gè)英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇上, 你看到一個(gè)名叫g(shù)rown-up的中學(xué)生發(fā)帖（post）尋求幫助, 請(qǐng)根據(jù)帖子內(nèi)容, 寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)和要求回貼。
寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：
1. 告訴grown-up要理解母親；
2. 給grown-up提出解決問(wèn)題的具體建議。
要求：
1. 短文需寫(xiě)在答題卡的指定區(qū)域。
2. 短文詞數(shù)不少于80（不含已寫(xiě)好的部分）。
3. 內(nèi)容充實(shí), 結(jié)構(gòu)完整, 語(yǔ)意連貫。
4. 書(shū)寫(xiě)須清晰、工整。
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三、（XX年山東省聊城市高三二模）
隨著電腦普及率的提高，老師、家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生對(duì)字跡的重視程度降低了。據(jù)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，有85.8％的中學(xué)生說(shuō)自己的字跡不好看，而他們又不想改善字跡，其理由有很大差別。
請(qǐng)根據(jù)下圖寫(xiě)一篇120—150詞的英文短文，說(shuō)明該現(xiàn)象并發(fā)表自己的看法。
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參考答案：
一、one possible version:
dear tom,
i am now back china and sound. in this letter i would like to convey my heartfelt appreciation to you for your kind assistance in my english learning when i was in new york. additionally, your generous help and tender care made me feel warmly welcomed and transformed my first american trip into a unforgettable memory.
i have been missing our english professor, mr. smith whose unusual cast of mind, wide and varied knowledge, together with a singular personal charm, combined to exert a strong influence on me. what about him recently? i desire to contact him for some suggestions on improving my listening ability. however, his email address is not available. so would you mind delivering it to me via the online mailbox?
i am more than delighted to invite you to join us to celebrate the spring festival -chinese lunar new year so that i can repay your friendship. you can partner with me to have a try in lion dances, which is extremely exciting. and the grand lantern festival parade will be bound to impress you. i assure you that you would enjoy visiting here as i did at your home.
with my best regards!
yours, li hua
【解析】
本文仍屬于半開(kāi)放性體裁，與書(shū)寫(xiě)體結(jié)合給考生發(fā)揮的空間，考生按照三個(gè)要點(diǎn)的提
示，用合適的句式，句型表達(dá)出來(lái)即可。
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
李華，寫(xiě)信，海外學(xué)習(xí)背景，回國(guó)后的聯(lián)系。和全國(guó)卷i短文寫(xiě)作的基本命題路數(shù)一致，是一種小心翼翼的翻版。所給話(huà)題第三條“邀請(qǐng)tom在春節(jié)期間來(lái)中國(guó)感受中國(guó)文化”不失為很好的思路。語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)離不開(kāi)文化，語(yǔ)言的交流更離不開(kāi)母語(yǔ)文化的輸出，學(xué)習(xí)別國(guó)語(yǔ)言并不代表別國(guó)的語(yǔ)言?xún)?yōu)于母語(yǔ)，更不等于別國(guó)的文化優(yōu)于母語(yǔ)文化，只不過(guò)各自文化的發(fā)展路徑不一樣，文化的優(yōu)勢(shì)結(jié)構(gòu)也不一樣，等等。其實(shí)，文化的多元性和多樣性只能說(shuō)明我們這個(gè)世界豐富多彩，而不能由此得出自家文化不如別國(guó)文化的觀點(diǎn)。所以，學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的目的不外乎兩個(gè)，一是要“師夷之長(zhǎng)技”，也就是要將別國(guó)的器物文化、制度文化到思想文化化為己用，使自己的文化更為先進(jìn)和發(fā)達(dá)；另一個(gè)則是“自立于世界民族之林”，也就是要將自己的獨(dú)特的燦爛的文化推介出去。所以，分省命題六年來(lái)，大家都接受了這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，那就是不僅要掌握目的語(yǔ)背后的東西，更要關(guān)懷母語(yǔ)背后的東西。不僅要關(guān)注異族語(yǔ)言與文化的輸入，更要關(guān)注母語(yǔ)及自家文化的輸出。
二、one possible version
hi, grown-up,
as a student of your age, i understand your situation. the problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. however, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. here are a few suggestions.
first, it’s advisable to talk more with your mom. heart to heart talks help you understand each other better. they are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things.
second, you should learn to do your own things well, proving to your mom that you are already a “grown-up”. it’s even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.
【解析】
考生在寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)該注意如下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 文體：應(yīng)用文（電子郵件）。
2. 主體時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
3. 主體人稱(chēng)：第二人稱(chēng)。
4. 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：① 問(wèn)題介紹；②建議一；③建議二；④我的愿望。
亮點(diǎn)句式：
the problem you are facing is common among our teenagers.
here are a few suggestions.
it’s advisable to talk more with your mom.
they are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes towards many things.
second, you should learn to do your own things well.
【專(zhuān)家點(diǎn)評(píng)】
李華，英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇，這是高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中第一次出現(xiàn)回帖的形式，盡管回帖和回信、回電子郵件沒(méi)有本質(zhì)的差別，但是場(chǎng)景設(shè)置顯然更加貼近時(shí)代了，也更沒(méi)有寫(xiě)信的形式限制了。因此，質(zhì)而言之，這種回帖仍然屬于短文寫(xiě)作范疇。這個(gè)話(huà)題是關(guān)于成長(zhǎng)的困惑和煩惱，即自己認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)成人，但在父母眼中仍然是孩子。這個(gè)當(dāng)然是老話(huà)題，無(wú)甚新意，但由于這個(gè)話(huà)題是開(kāi)放式的，即題中所提供的材料只是起到了引發(fā)話(huà)題的作用，不像其他卷種那樣由于材料豐富使得考生作文只是做一做翻譯或接近翻譯的工作，而陜西卷卻要求考生提出個(gè)人思考：“理解母親”和“解決問(wèn)題的具體建議”�！袄斫饽赣H”起碼可以有兩個(gè)思路：一是可以寫(xiě)出年輕人應(yīng)該主動(dòng)接近母親，積極理解母親。二是可以寫(xiě)出如何理解母親的具體方式，比如，開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公的談話(huà)，多關(guān)心母親等等。而“解決問(wèn)題的具體建議”卻要求考生放開(kāi)思維，自己找話(huà)說(shuō)�？赡芤�?yàn)楸姸嗫忌紩?huì)有話(huà)可說(shuō)，甚至可能出現(xiàn)千差萬(wàn)別的思路和千差萬(wàn)別的作文，這樣可能對(duì)有效和公平閱卷會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的不利影響。但是，09陜西卷不僅有個(gè)好話(huà)題，而且還有個(gè)好形式，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)展開(kāi)性話(huà)題留給考生的思維空間相對(duì)較大。
三、one possible version:
nowadays, with the growing popularity of computers, teachers, students and their parents are paying less and less attention to handwriting.
according to a recent survey, about 85.5 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor. yet for various reasons, many students don't want to improve their handwriting. 51. 5 percent of the students think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32. 3 percent believe that they are so busy with the study that they do not have time to practise. 10. 9 percent think that practising handwriting is useless.
as the saying goes, writing style shows the man. beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future.