人腦與電腦的區(qū)別
The Difference between a Brain and a Computer
~he difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word: complexity.
Even the most complicated computer man has yet built can＇t compare in intricacy with the brain. Computer switches and comportents number in the thousands rather than in the billions.What＇s more, the computer switch is just an on-off device,whereas the brain cell is itself possessed of a tremendously complex inner structure.
Can a computer think? That depends on what you mean by"think". If solving a mathematical problem is"thinking＇,then a computer can"think＇and do so much faster than a man. Of course, most mathematical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straightforward processes over and over again. Even the simple computers of today can be geared for that.
Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we are. If it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be the equivalent of a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.
But how long will it take to build a computer complex enough to duplicate the human brain? Perhaps not as long as some think. Long before we approach a computer as complex as our brain, we will perhaps build a computer that is at least complex enough to design another computer more complex than itself. This more complex computer could design one still more complex and so on and so on and so on.
In other words, once we pass a certain critical point, the computers take over and there is a"complexity explosion". In a very short time thereafter, computers may exist that not only duplicate the human brain--but far surpass it.
人腦與電腦的區(qū)別
要形容人腦與電腦的區(qū)別只需一個(gè)詞，即：復(fù)雜。
即使是迄今為止人類制造出的最復(fù)雜的電腦如果與人腦的復(fù)雜相比也望塵莫及。電腦轉(zhuǎn)換組合出的數(shù)字只有千百萬(wàn)種而不是千百億。更重要的是，電腦的轉(zhuǎn)換器只是一個(gè)開關(guān)裝置，而大腦細(xì)胞本身就具有極其復(fù)雜的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。
電腦會(huì)“思考”嗎?這就要看你所說(shuō)的“思考”是指什么了。如果解一道數(shù)學(xué)題是“思考”，那么電腦會(huì)“思考”，而且比人腦快得多。當(dāng)然，絕大多數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)題都可以通過(guò)一遍一遍機(jī)械地重復(fù)簡(jiǎn)單的程序而得到解決。即使是現(xiàn)今簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算機(jī)也能做到這點(diǎn)。
然而，電腦如果能造得夠復(fù)雜，它也能和我們一樣富于創(chuàng)造力。如果它能造得同人腦一樣復(fù)雜，它便能與人腦相媲美，并能做到人腦能做到的一切。
但是，要造出一個(gè)與人腦一樣復(fù)雜的電腦要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間呢?或許不會(huì)像有些人想象的那么長(zhǎng)。在造出與人腦一樣復(fù)雜的電腦之前，我們也許可能要先造出一個(gè)電腦，它復(fù)雜得至少能設(shè)計(jì)出比它本身更復(fù)雜的電腦。那個(gè)更復(fù)雜的電腦又能再設(shè)計(jì)出比自己更復(fù)雜的電腦，如此反復(fù)。
換言之，我們一旦突破了某個(gè)極點(diǎn)，電腦將盛行起來(lái)，并導(dǎo)致“復(fù)雜性爆炸”。不久，電腦將不僅復(fù)制人腦，而且將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越人腦。