六、具有兩種形式的副詞
英語中有的副詞兼有兩種形式：一種是與形容詞同形；另一種是在該形容詞后面加副詞詞綴ly構(gòu)成。這兩種形式的副詞在詞義和用法上有一定的差異，有的甚至完全不同。
常見的這類副詞有：firm穩(wěn)固地firmly堅(jiān)固地direct徑直地directly恰好free自由地，免費(fèi)地freely自由自在地，隨便地flat平淡地flatly直截了當(dāng)?shù)豷hort突然shortly不久even甚至evenly平均地clean完全地，徑直地cleanly清潔地，干凈利索地clear隔開，不接觸clearly清晰地，明顯地close近c(diǎn)losely緊密地，接近地easy安適地easily容易地dead突然地，完全地deadly死一般地，非常fair公平，正直地fairly相當(dāng)?shù)豩ard努力地hardly幾乎沒有，幾乎不most最mostly重要地right還好，適當(dāng)?shù)豶ightly改正地，合理地，正確地high高高地highly高度地just正好justly公正地late遲，晚lately最近near近nearly幾乎pretty相當(dāng)?shù)豴rettily優(yōu)美地sharp突然地，急劇地sharply嚴(yán)厲地
【例句】
the hawk was circling high in the sky.
we spoke highly of him. don’t come too close.
i closely resemble my father.
the train stopped dead. she turned deadly pale.
she is the most beautiful girl in the college.
the village is mostly of mud houses.
she slipped right to the bottom of the icy mountain. i am rightly informed.
再看幾個考題實(shí)例：
fix the post ____in the ground.
a) firmed b) firmly c) firmingly d) firm
答案為d。firmly意味"堅(jiān)固地，頑固地"，在此句中不妥，firm意為"穩(wěn)固地，牢固地"，合乎題意要求。句意：把這個樁子牢固地釘在地上。
communism can never be taken as the equivalent of eating ____and riding____.
a) free; free b) freely; freely c) free; freely d) freely; free
答案為a。free意為"免費(fèi)地"，freely意為"自由自在地，不受約束地"。句意：共產(chǎn)主義決不能理解為白吃飯和免費(fèi)乘車。
a bosom friend afar brings a distance land____.
a) nearby b) nearly c) near d) nearerly
答案為c。nearly是副詞，意為"幾乎"，不符合題意。此句中的near不是副詞，near作副詞的意義是"一點(diǎn)也不，遠(yuǎn)不及"，不符合題意，near是形容詞，意為"鄰近的，附近的"，正合題意。句意：(摯友在)天涯若毗鄰。
the desk was ___in the center of the room.
a) direct b) directed c) directing d) directly
答案為d。題意：書桌剛好在屋子中央。
七、沒有比較級的形容詞和副詞
1)有些程度副詞，如：quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively, fairly等與形容詞連用具有"比較"含義。故這時句中的形容詞不能再使用比較級。
【例如】
it is a set of comparatively new instrument in our laboratory.
this book is rather difficult for the juniors, but fairly easy for the seniors.
2)下列幾類形容詞也沒有比較等級：
(1)表示"終極"意義或絕對概念的形容詞或副詞。如：absolute(ly), blind, dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong等。
(2)表示時間、方位或方向的形容詞或副詞。如：back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical等。
(3)部分表示事物性質(zhì)、物質(zhì)材料或結(jié)構(gòu)成分的形容詞。如：atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden等。
(4)本身具有"最"或"唯一"概念的形容詞。如：maximal, mere, minimal, matchless, sole, only unique等。
八、形容詞、副詞比較級
1)比較的成分要對等。
【例如】
he is more concerned about others than about himself.
my father is in better health now than last year.
the population of china is larger than that of america.
2) the +比較級……，the +比較級……意為"越……，越……"。前面部分是從句，后面部分是主句。
【例如】
the harder you work, the more successful you will be.
the earlier you come, the better place you can find.
九、形容詞的主動性和被動性
有些形容詞其本身含有主動的意義，有些則含有被動意義,要特別注意這種語義上的區(qū)別。
【例如】
that’s a very interesting story.
children are interested to read the story. interesting是指故事能引起人的興趣，有主動意義；interested