TED演講：兩種制度的傳說

　　因為每一個個人都是理性的，一旦有了權(quán)選舉，必然會選出好政府，隨后就可以在好政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，過上幸福的生活，相當(dāng)于實現(xiàn)大同社會——又是一個人間天堂。以下第一范文網(wǎng)小編整理的TED演講：兩種制度的傳說，供大家參考，希望大家能夠有所收獲!

　　TED演講 兩種制度的傳說

　　李：早上好!我叫(Eric Li)李世默，我出生在這里(圖示：高樓大廈林立，街道上星光燦爛的上海)，喔，不，不是這里，是這里，我出生在“文化大革命”高潮時的上海(圖示：文革期間紅衛(wèi)兵游行的場面)。外婆后來告訴我，她當(dāng)時抱著襁褓之中啼哭不止的我，心驚膽戰(zhàn)地聽著“武斗”的槍聲。

　　Good morning. My name is Eric Li, and I was born here. But no, I wasn’t born there. This was where I was born: Shanghai, at the height of the Cultural Revolution. My grandmother tells me that she heard the sound of gunfire along with my first cries.

　　在我少年時，我被灌輸了一個關(guān)于人類社會發(fā)展規(guī)律的大故事，這個“元敘事”是這樣說的：

　　When I was growing up, I was told a story that explained all I ever needed to know that humanity. It went like this.

　　所有的人類社會都遵循一條線性的目標(biāo)明確的發(fā)展規(guī)律，即從原始社會開始，經(jīng)由奴隸社會、封建社會、資本主義社會、社會主義社會，最終過渡到(我們猜猜這個終點是什么?)共產(chǎn)主義社會。

　　All human societies develop in linear progression, beginning with primitive society, then slave society, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, and finally, (guess where we end up?) Communism!

　　共產(chǎn)主義社會是人類政治、社會發(fā)展的最高階段，所有的人類社會，不管民族、文化、語言有何異同，或早或晚都將演繹到這一階段。人類社會從此大同，彼此相親相愛，永遠(yuǎn)過著幸福的生活——人間天堂。

　　Sooner or later, all of humanity, regardless of culture, language, nationality, will arrive at this final stage of political and social development. The entire world’s peoples will be unified in this paradise on earth and live happily ever after.

　　但在實現(xiàn)這樣目標(biāo)之前，我們必須投身于正義與邪惡的斗爭，即正義的社會主義與邪惡的資本主義之間的斗爭，正義終將勝利!

　　But before we get there, we’re engaged in a struggle between good and evil, the good of socialism against the evil of capitalism, and the good shall triumph.

　　當(dāng)然，這就是從馬克思主義發(fā)展而來的社會發(fā)展階段論，這一“元敘事”在中國影響甚廣。我們從小就被反復(fù)灌輸了這個宏大故事，幾乎融化到了血液之中，篤信不疑。這個“元敘事”不僅征服了中國，也影響了全世界。世界上曾經(jīng)有整整三分之一人在它籠罩之下。然而，忽然一夜之間，蘇聯(lián)崩潰，世界滄桑巨變。我赴美留學(xué)，改宗成為伯克利的嬉皮士，哈哈!

　　TED演講 兩種制度的傳說

　　That, of course, was the meta-narrative distilled from the theories of Karl Marx. And the Chinese bought it. We were taught that grand story day in and day out. It became part of us, and we believed in it. The story was a bestseller. About on third of the entire world’s population lived under that meta narrative. Then, the world changed overnight. As for me, disillusioned by the failed religion of my youth, I went to America and became a Berkeley hippie.

　　就這樣，開啟了我另一段成年經(jīng)歷，我又被灌輸了一個全新的宏大敘事，仿佛我這輩子只經(jīng)歷那一個還不夠似的。這個宏大敘事的完美程度與早前的那一個不分伯仲。它同樣宣稱，人類社會遵循著一個線性的發(fā)展規(guī)律，指向一個終極目標(biāo)。敘事故事是這樣展開的：

　　Now, as I was coming of ageu>, something else happened. As if one big story wasn’t enough, I was told another one. This one was just as grand. It also claims that all human societies develop in a linear progression towards a singular end. This one went as follows.

　　所有的人類社會，不論其文化有何異同，其民眾是基督徒、穆斯林還是儒家信徒，都將從傳統(tǒng)社會過渡到現(xiàn)代社會。在傳統(tǒng)社會中，最基本的社會單位是家庭、氏族、部落等群體;而在現(xiàn)代社會中，最基本的、神圣不可侵犯的社會單位是原子化的個人。所有的個人都被認(rèn)定為是理性的，都有同一個訴求：選舉權(quán)!

　　All societies, regardless of culture, be it Christian, Muslim, Confucian, must progress from traditional societies in which groups are the basic units to modern societies in which atomized individuals are the sovereign units, and all these individuals are, by definition, rational, and they all want one thing: the vote.

　　因為每一個個人都是理性的，一旦有了權(quán)選舉，必然會選出好政府，隨后就可以在好政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，過上幸福的生活，相當(dāng)于實現(xiàn)大同社會——又是一個人間天堂。

　　Because they all rational, once given the vote, they produce good government and live happily ever after. Paradise on earth, again.

　　選舉民主制將成為所有國家和民族唯一的政治制度，再加上一個自由放任的市場讓他們發(fā)財。當(dāng)然，在實現(xiàn)這個目標(biāo)之前，我們必須投身于正義與邪惡的斗爭，即正義的民主與邪惡的不民主之間的斗爭。

　　Sooner or later, electoral democracy will be the only political system for all countries and all peoples, with a free market to make them all rich. But before we get there, we’re engaged in a struggle between good and evil.

　　前者肩負(fù)著在全世界推動民主的使命，必要時甚至可以動用武力，來打擊那些不投票不選舉的邪惡勢力。(老布什、小布什、奧巴馬對自由、民主和選舉的發(fā)言)上述宏大敘事同樣傳播甚廣。根據(jù)“自由之家”的統(tǒng)計，全世界采用選舉民主制的國家，從1970年的45個已增至20xx年的115個。近20多年來，西方的精英人士孜孜不倦地在全世界奔走，推薦選舉民主這一救世良方。

　　The good belongs to those who are democracies and are charged with a mission of spreading it around the globe, sometimes by force, against the evil of those who do not hold elections.(。。。) Now. This story also became a bestseller. According to the Freedom House, the number of democracies went from 45 in 1970 to 115 in 20xx. In the last 20years, Western elites tirelessly trotted around the globe selling this prospectus.

　　他們聲稱，實行多黨制和全民選舉是拯救發(fā)展中國家于水火的唯一良藥，只要吃下它，就一定會實現(xiàn)繁榮，否則，永無翻身之日。但這一次，中國敬謝不敏。我又被愚弄了一把。。。

　　Multiple parties fight for political power and everyone voting on them is the only path to salvation to the long-suffering developing world. Those who buy the prospectus are destined for success. Those who do not are doomed to fail. But this time, the Chinese didn’t buy it. Fool me once… (Laughter)(Applause)

　　歷史是最好的裁判。僅僅30多年間，中國就從世界上最貧困的農(nóng)業(yè)國，一躍而為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，實現(xiàn)6.5億人脫貧。