英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法論

　　第1部分 整體建議

　　1. we'd better develop our interest in english at the beginning of our study. to develop interest in english study is not very hard. we may have the feeling of satisfaction and achievement from our english study when we are able to say something simple in english, talk with others or foreigners in english and act as others' interpreters.

　　在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)之初,我們應(yīng)該注重培養(yǎng)對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣.培養(yǎng)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣并不難.當(dāng)我們可以說(shuō)點(diǎn)兒簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ),用英語(yǔ)與別人或與老外交談,或作別人的翻譯時(shí),我們就可以從英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中得到滿(mǎn)足感和成就感,這樣,興趣就培養(yǎng)起來(lái)了. 請(qǐng)注意,這種滿(mǎn)足感和成就感很重要!

　　2. plans are always very essential, so we must make some elaborate and workable plans before study. and we should certainly carry out these plans to the letter.

　　制定英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃 太重要了,所以我們必須在學(xué)習(xí)前制定精細(xì)的和可操作的計(jì)劃. 并且我們一定要嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行這些計(jì)劃.請(qǐng)注意:千萬(wàn)不要干沒(méi)有計(jì)劃的傻事,那等于在浪費(fèi)生命.

　　3. notes should be made whenever we study any book. we may follow this advice: don't read book without making notes. as we know that notes are the summarization, the core content, our understanding and the abbreviations of the books. our notes are much thinner than the books so that we can learn them by heart easier and can often review and read them. we may also record our notes on tapes so as to often listen to them easier, to deepen our impression and to lighten our burden of memory. sometimes it is needful to draw some tables and illustrations that are very impressive, visual and concise.

　　無(wú)論學(xué)習(xí)什么,我們都要作筆記.我們可以參照下面的忠告:不作筆記就不要讀書(shū).如您所知,筆記是我們對(duì)所學(xué)課本的總結(jié),中心內(nèi)容,我們的理解和課本的縮略.筆記要比課本薄的多,我們可以較容易的記憶和經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)他們.更勝一疇的做法是把筆記錄成音,這樣我們可以經(jīng)常聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)來(lái)加深印象和減輕記憶負(fù)擔(dān).

　　4. watching english movies, english tv programs, listening to english songs and learn english on some special occasions are also excellent and vivid english learning ways as we may combine english with some certain scenes to deepen our memory.

　　看英文電影,收看英語(yǔ)電視節(jié)目,聽(tīng)英文歌曲和在某些特定場(chǎng)景學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)也是很棒和很生動(dòng)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方式,因?yàn)檫@樣我們可以把所學(xué)英語(yǔ)與某些特定的場(chǎng)景聯(lián)系起來(lái)以加深記憶.

　　5. never just memorize single english words. learn by heart the whole sentences and the phrases that contain the new words so we may know how to use the words.

　　不要孤立地背英語(yǔ)單詞.請(qǐng)背記包含生詞的句子或詞組,這樣我們才真正能運(yùn)用這些詞匯,而且印象更深.(不過(guò)這點(diǎn),偶也很矛盾,因?yàn)槲也幌矚g)

　　6. if time permits, we may read mini chinese-english dictionary carefully from cover to cover, which may help us widen our sight and master knowledge in all aspects.

　　如果時(shí)間允許,通讀小小漢英字典對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)也幫助很大.他能幫助我們擴(kuò)大視野并全方位地掌握所學(xué)知識(shí).

　　7. excellent personality is one of the decisive factors in english study. persistence, patience, self-confidence and determination are badly needed.

　　優(yōu)秀的性格也是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵因素之一,堅(jiān)持,忍耐,自信和堅(jiān)定都是很重要的.當(dāng)然如果興趣培養(yǎng)得好, 可適當(dāng)削弱這方面的要求.

　　part 2 detailed methods(第2部分 具體方法)

　　1. oral english:(口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí))

　　a. we study spoken english so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral english study should be followed: fluency, accuracy, and appropriateness. that is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness.

　　我們學(xué)習(xí)口語(yǔ)目的是為了與別人進(jìn)行交流,所以英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中的幾個(gè)要素的重要次序應(yīng)為: 流利-準(zhǔn)確-恰當(dāng) .

　　b. try to find some partners practicing oral english together and english corner is a good place as where we may exchange english study experience, widen our sight and improve interest in english.

　　努力尋找學(xué)伴一起練習(xí)口語(yǔ).英語(yǔ)角是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的地方,在那我們不但可以練習(xí)口語(yǔ),還可以交流英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),開(kāi)拓視野,提高英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣.

　　c. if english partners are not easy to get, then we have to create an english environment ourselves by speaking english to ourselves.

　　如果找不到學(xué)伴或參加英語(yǔ)角的機(jī)會(huì)很少,那么就需要通過(guò)自己對(duì)自己將英語(yǔ)來(lái)創(chuàng)造英語(yǔ)環(huán)境.比如對(duì)自己描述所看到的景物,英語(yǔ)口述自己正在作的事情.

　　d. this method is very effective and easy to insist on--interpreting chinese-english novels or books. first we read the chinese parts and then try to interpret them into english and then compare our interpretation with the original versions in the novels or books so that we can find out the mistakes, shortcomings and progresses in our interpretation.

　　這種方法非常有效且很容易堅(jiān)持---口譯漢英對(duì)照(或英漢對(duì)照)的小說(shuō)或其它讀物.首先我們先讀漢語(yǔ)部分,然后逐句直接口譯成英文,完成一小段后,去看書(shū)上的對(duì)應(yīng)英文部分并與我們的口譯進(jìn)行比較,我們馬上可以發(fā)現(xiàn)我們口譯的錯(cuò)誤,缺點(diǎn)和進(jìn)步.

　　請(qǐng)注意: 開(kāi)始要選擇較簡(jiǎn)單的讀物 .

　　這樣作的好處:

　　1. 自己就可以練習(xí)口語(yǔ),想練多久,就練多久.

　　2. 始終有一位高級(jí)教師指出您的不足和錯(cuò)誤---英文原文.

　　3. 題材范圍極廣,可以突破我們自己的思維禁錮,比如我們總是喜歡談?wù)撐覀冏约菏煜さ脑?huà)題,所以我們總是在練習(xí)相同的語(yǔ)言,進(jìn)步當(dāng)然就緩慢了.

　　4. 選擇小說(shuō),幽默故事或好的短文閱讀,使我們有足夠的興趣堅(jiān)持下去.

　　5. 有一些我們?cè)谥苯訉W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)課文時(shí)被我們熟視無(wú)睹的地道的英語(yǔ)用法會(huì)被此法發(fā)掘出來(lái).

　　6. 對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)和所犯錯(cuò)誤印象深刻.這等于我們一直在作漢譯英練習(xí),很多英文譯文是我們費(fèi)盡心思憋出來(lái)的,所以印象相當(dāng)深刻.比直接學(xué)習(xí)英文課文印象要深的多.

　　e. interpreting what you hear---changing roles: three people make a group: one speaks chinese, one speaks english acting as the foreigner, one acts as interpreter. then change roles. this is a good interpreting training method and is good for studying from one another. in addition, it may improve the responding ability and speed of students. the advanced stage of this method is simultaneous interpretation.

　　聽(tīng)譯法-角色互換: 三人一組,模擬翻譯實(shí)戰(zhàn).一人將漢語(yǔ),一人將英語(yǔ),扮演老外,一人作翻譯.練習(xí)一段時(shí)間后互換角色.這是一種非常好的翻譯訓(xùn)練方法,也是很好的相互學(xué)習(xí),取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短的方法.而且可大大提高反應(yīng)速度和能力.此法的高級(jí)階段為同聲傳譯,我們可以在聽(tīng)廣播或看電視或開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí),把所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容口譯英文.

　　f. oral composition and 3-minute training method: this method is suitable for intense training. making an oral composition about a certain topic for one minute the first time and record the composition on tape at the same time. then listen to the composition and find out the room for improvement. then make the same composition for two minutes for the second time and also record it. and at last repeat the above-mentioned for three minutes.

　　口語(yǔ)作文和3分鐘訓(xùn)練法:此法適用于強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.找好一個(gè)題目作一分鐘的口語(yǔ)作文,同時(shí)將其錄音.聽(tīng)錄音,找出不足和錯(cuò)誤,就此題目再作兩分鐘的的口語(yǔ)作文,同樣錄音,再聽(tīng)并找出不足與進(jìn)步,繼續(xù)作三分鐘口語(yǔ)作文.這是高級(jí)口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練,效果不俗.

　　g. retelling exercise: retell some articles or english stories in our own words.

　　復(fù)述練習(xí):用自己的話(huà)口語(yǔ)復(fù)述我們所聽(tīng)的英語(yǔ)故事或文章.

　　h. if possible, we may read some english tongue twisters loudly and quickly with one or two cakes of candy in our mouth (just as the chinese cross-talk actors do.) to train our oral cavity muscle and tongues suitable for english pronunciation.

　　如果可能我們也可以大聲且快速朗讀英文繞口令(就象相聲演員練嘴),還可以同時(shí)口中含塊糖以加大強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練的力度.這樣來(lái)強(qiáng)我們的口腔肌肉迅速適應(yīng)英文發(fā)音,使我們的口語(yǔ)相當(dāng)流利,清晰,而且還有自信.例如:

　　☆a big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. the big black bear bit back the big black bug.

　　☆this fish has a thin fin; that fish has a fat fin;

　　this fish is a fish that has a thinner fin than that fish.

　　i. paying more attention to phrases and small words as one major shortcoming of chinese english (especially chinese oral english) is that chinese students tend to use big words in their oral language, but the idiomatic oral english is abundant with short, active and vivid phrases. and most of such phrases are made of small words.

　　特別注意短語(yǔ)(詞組)和小詞的運(yùn)用,中國(guó)式的英語(yǔ)尤其是口語(yǔ)一個(gè)很大的缺點(diǎn)就是中國(guó)學(xué)生喜歡用大詞,而真正地道的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)確是充滿(mǎn)著短小,活潑,生動(dòng)的短語(yǔ),富有生氣.而這些短語(yǔ)大部分有小詞構(gòu)成.

　　j. oral english has its own features, but it is closely combined with other aspects of english, for example, writing may make oral english precise and accurate.

　　口語(yǔ)隨自有特色,但與英語(yǔ)的其它方面緊密相連.比如,經(jīng)常練習(xí)寫(xiě)作,可是口語(yǔ)精密,準(zhǔn)確.

　　2. listening comprehension:(聽(tīng)力)

　　a. we may improve our aural ability by speaking english in the native and idiomatic way. the pronunciation, intonation and sentence structure should not be in chinese style.

　　可以通過(guò)講地道的口語(yǔ)來(lái)提高聽(tīng)力.發(fā)音,語(yǔ)調(diào)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)請(qǐng)不要中國(guó)化.既然能說(shuō)出來(lái),當(dāng)然能聽(tīng)懂.當(dāng)然這樣作有點(diǎn)難.

　　b. keeping a relaxed, natural and steady mood when listening to some materials. namely, to establish self-confidence and to develop excellent psychological quality are essential in the improvement of aural ability.

　　在作聽(tīng)力練習(xí)時(shí),力求保持放松,自然和穩(wěn)定的心態(tài).即建立自信心和培養(yǎng)良好的心理素質(zhì)

　　在聽(tīng)力提高中致關(guān)重要.

　　c. we may make some simple notes while listening, for examples, the names of people and places, time, age, distance, occupation, figures and so on to get a better understanding of the content.

　　在作聽(tīng)力練習(xí)時(shí),我們可以作些簡(jiǎn)單的筆記,例如人名,地名,時(shí)間,年齡,職業(yè),數(shù)字等以便更好地理解材料.當(dāng)然還要以聽(tīng)為主.

　　d. catching the drift of the content instead of understanding every word and never waste too much time on single words.

　　作聽(tīng)力練習(xí)要重材料大意, 而不要力求聽(tīng)懂每個(gè)詞 ,不要在單個(gè)詞上浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間.

　　e. pay close attention to concession and transition so as to correctly understand the attitudes of the speakers. the following words are most important: even though, even so, in spite of, unless, although, no matter, however, whatever, no, nor, neither…nor, but….

　　密切注意聽(tīng)力材料中的讓步與轉(zhuǎn)折以便正確把握說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度.特別關(guān)注這些詞: even though, even so, in spite of, unless, although, no matter, however, whatever, no, nor, neither…nor, but….

　　f. if we may learn by heart new words by listening some word tapes, the results must be satisfactory.

　　在背記生詞時(shí),如果能聽(tīng)詞匯磁帶,那么對(duì)聽(tīng)力提高也很有好處.

　　3.reading skills:(閱讀)

　　a. intensive reading: when we read the intensive articles, we should make notes of the new words and phrases and good sentences. after reading them, we may ask ourselves some questions about them by using such words: who, what, why, when and where. then try to answer them in our own words.

　　精讀:在精讀課文時(shí),我們要把生詞,詞組,句型做成筆記.讀后要試著用這些疑問(wèn)詞提問(wèn)自己:誰(shuí),什么,何時(shí),何地且努力用自己的話(huà)來(lái)回答.

　　b. extensive reading: we must train our ability to scan, skip and read fast. namely, the ability to catch the key words, the topic sentences and the drift of the articles.

　　泛讀:要培養(yǎng)瀏覽,跳讀和快讀的能力.即抓住關(guān)鍵詞,主題句和中心大意的能力.

　　c. reading speed: three ways to improve our reading speed: 1) reading the articles from the beginning to the end without intervals so to catch the rough idea of the articles on the whole. never waste too much time on some new words and single sentences. 2)we may keep time when reading articles.3) when reading articles, we can point at the words with our finger or pen point and our eyes move with the finger quickly so that we are able to read very fast.

　　閱讀速度:三種方法提高我們的閱讀速度:1.先從頭至尾不間斷地通讀課文以抓住課文大意.不要在單個(gè)詞或單句上浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間.2.閱讀時(shí)計(jì)時(shí).3.閱讀時(shí)用手指或筆尖指向文章字句并快速移動(dòng)來(lái)迫使我們的眼睛快速隨手指或筆尖移動(dòng)來(lái)強(qiáng)化我們的閱讀速度.

　　d. newspaper as good reading materials can widen our sight and richen our knowledge.

　　多讀報(bào),多受益:開(kāi)闊視野,豐富知識(shí),學(xué)習(xí)流行詞語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)最新發(fā)展.

　　4.writing skills.( 寫(xiě)作)

　　a. we have to accumulate abundant materials before we write something, say, learning by heart crowds of articles.

　　寫(xiě)作需要有很多素材,積累素材很重要.要多背課文.

　　b. try to express one meaning in various ways.

　　努力用多種方式表達(dá)一種意思.

　　c. keeping english diary if possible.

　　寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)日記 .

　　a) prepare some new words, expressions and good sentences to be used before writing something.

　　在寫(xiě)作前準(zhǔn)備一些要用的好詞匯,好句子.

　　b) we may also make some english pen pals to establish english communication relationship through some media like newspaper and magazines.