高考備考寫作專題：圖表分析作文
怎樣寫圖表分析作文
縱觀近幾年高考，英語書面表達(dá)大致分為材料作文、圖表作文和開放作文。且材料作文逐漸被圖表作文取代，圖表分析作文就是將數(shù)據(jù)、圖像所包含的信息，轉(zhuǎn)化為表意的說明文字。圖表分析作文通常比較復(fù)雜，學(xué)生不僅要弄清提示，還要看懂所給的圖表和數(shù)據(jù)。由于這類試題提示內(nèi)容少，信息點(diǎn)分散，審題時(shí)一定要領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的出題意圖，弄清主題再動(dòng)筆：1.單純描述解釋圖表信息，按圖表所示內(nèi)容如實(shí)表達(dá)，不加評(píng)論。2.通過敘述圖表(或圖畫)中的內(nèi)容和數(shù)字變化來分析原因，發(fā)表議論。
(一) 柱狀圖(BAR CHART)
人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺挛锏淖兓闆r通常可以用寬度相等的柱狀圖形來表示，柱狀圖的高度差別用來說明事物的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢，同時(shí)要注意圖例說明和坐標(biāo)刻度所提示的信息。
例：你們班會(huì)的討論主題是“上大學(xué)是高中生的出路嗎？”請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面圖表及漢語提示，寫一篇短文，并闡述你的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。
提示：1.增長學(xué)識(shí)，提高素養(yǎng)，利于擇業(yè)。
2.成功的路不只一條。
3.學(xué)費(fèi)高，就業(yè)難。
要求：1.詞數(shù)：100～120左右。
2.開頭語已為你寫好(不計(jì)入詞數(shù))。
3.參考詞匯：tuition n.學(xué)費(fèi) qualities n.素養(yǎng)
【解題分析】
柱狀圖是高中英語課本中常見的圖形，要求學(xué)生通過柱狀圖圖中數(shù)據(jù)和提示內(nèi)容寫一短文，屬于比較、對(duì)照類。也可根據(jù)提示寫為議論文。通常我們采取三段式寫法：
第一段：描述圖表，得出結(jié)論。
第二段：緊扣主題，根據(jù)圖表比較分析原因，論證結(jié)論。
第三段：發(fā)表議論，提出自己的看法。
【提煉要點(diǎn)】
分析柱狀圖數(shù)據(jù)信息。從圖中可看出，黑色代表想上大學(xué)，占大多數(shù)，約60%；淺黑色代表無所謂，占約30%；白色代表不想上大學(xué)，占約10%。
One possible version
Is It The Only Way Out To Go To College？
We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college.Views vary from person to person.
The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.They think it can widen their knowledge and improve their qualities.Only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation.Very few students，that is about ten percent of the students，think it no use going university，because the tuition is too high for their family to afford.What's more，it's rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.Thirty percent of the students，however，believe “All roads lead to Rome.”Therefore it doesn't make any difference whether they go to college or not.
In my opinion，we can receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland.
【語言亮點(diǎn)】
①詞匯。如：consider，widen，afford，seek，satisfactory。
�、诰涫健Ｈ纾盒问劫e語：The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.
倒裝：Only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation.
主語從句：it's rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.
諺語：All roads lead to Rome.
�、圻^渡詞。如：that is about ten percent of the students，what's more，however，in my opinion。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
1.讀懂柱狀圖坐標(biāo)刻線及圖例說明與文字，比較柱狀高低和顏色表示內(nèi)容及數(shù)據(jù)。
2.學(xué)會(huì)看趨勢、找規(guī)律，從整體看圖表有何發(fā)展變化，找出特點(diǎn)、規(guī)律。
3.引用圖表包含信息，使你的文章“由圖而發(fā)”，言之有據(jù)。
【常用句式】
1. As can be seen from the chart，... As is shown in the chart，...
2. The chart shows that about 60 percent of students want to go to college...
3. From the graph/data/results/information above，it can be seen/concluded/shown /estimated...
4.The graph shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...
5.Compared with...，the number of the students of...